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ASTM C216-07a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)

Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers brick intended for use in masonry and supplying structural or facing components, or both, to the structure. Bricks shall be classified according to their resistance to damage by freezing when saturated at a moisture content: Grade SW and Grade MW. The facing bricks shall be classified into three types: Types FBS; FBX; and FBA. Durability; absorption alternate; freezing and thawing alternative; breakage and weight loss; cracking; low weathering index alternative; compressive strength; and initial rate of absorption requirements shall be tested for the material to meet the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in masonry and supplying structural or facing components, or both, to the structure.
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section ) of this specification is beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The brick are prismatic units available in a variety of sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. This specification is not intended to provide specifications for paving brick (see Specification C 902).
1.4 Brick are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing, fired bond, and incipient fusion in Terminology C 43).
1.5 Brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to describe the brick.
1.6 Three types of brick in each of two grades are covered.
1.7 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2007
ICS
91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
Technical Committee
C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
Drafting Committee
C15.02 - Brick and Structural Clay Tile
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C216-07 - Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Replaced By
ASTM C216-10 - Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM C652-22 - Standard Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1283-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Installing Clay Flue Lining
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1713-23 - Standard Specification for Mortars for the Repair of Historic Masonry
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1232-21a - Standard Terminology for Masonry
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C62-23 - Standard Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C34-23 - Standard Specification for Structural Clay Loadbearing Wall Tile
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM E2266-22 - Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Low-Rise Frame Building Wall Systems to Resist Water Intrusion
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1472-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Calculating Movement and Other Effects When Establishing Sealant Joint Width
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007

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ASTM C216-07a - Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)ASTM C216-07a - Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
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ASTM C216-07a - Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C216 – 07a
Standard Specification for
Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or
1
Shale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in 2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
masonry and supplying structural or facing components, or C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
both, to the structure. C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at Structural Clay Tile
the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving
extracted from masonry structures for determining conform- Brick
ance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section C1272 Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick
6)ofthisspecificationisbeyondthescopeofthisspecification. E835/E835M Guide for Modular Coordination of Clay and
1.3 The brick are prismatic units available in a variety of Concrete Masonry Units
sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. This specification is not
3. Grades
intended to provide specifications for paving brick (see Speci-
3.1 Grades classify brick according to their resistance to
fication C902).
1.4 Brick are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar damage by freezing when saturated at a moisture content not
exceedingthe24-hcoldwaterabsorption.Twogradesoffacing
naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat
treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment brick are covered and the requirements are given in Section 6.
3.1.1 Grade SW (Severe Weathering)—Brick intended for
must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents
to provide the strength and durability requirements of this use where high resistance to damage caused by cyclic freezing
specification (see firing, fired bond, and incipient fusion in is desired.
3.1.2 Grade MW (Moderate Weathering)—Brick intended
Terminology C43).
1.5 Brickareshapedduringmanufacturebymolding,press- for use where moderate resistance to cyclic freezing damage is
permissible.
ing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to describe
the brick.
NOTE 1—Measurement of moisture content of brick in buildings
1.6 Three types of brick in each of two grades are covered.
indicates that, when the building is designed and constructed to reduce
1.7 The text of this specification references notes and
water penetration, the 24-h cold water absorption is unlikely to be
footnotes which provide explanatory material.These notes and exceeded.
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
4. Types
considered as requirements of the standard.
4.1 Three types of facing brick are covered:
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1.1 Type FBS—Brick for general use in masonry.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C216–07. DOI: Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
10.1520/C0216-07A. on www.astm.org.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C216 – 07a
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements
Minimum Compressive Strength Maximum Water Absorption Maximum Saturation
A
psi, (MPa) gross area by 5-h Boiling, % Coefficient
Designation
Average of 5 Average Average
Individual Individual Individual
brick of 5 brick of 5 brick
Grade SW 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2) 17.0 20.0 0.78 0.80
Grade MW 2500 (17.2) 2200 (15.2) 22.0 25.0 0.88 0.90
A
The saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24-h submersion in cold water to that after 5-h submersion in boiling water.
4.1.2 Type FBX—Brick for general use in masonry where a absorption of each unit of a
...

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1.1 This specification covers brick made principally from sand and lime and intended for use in brick masonry. Two grades of brick are covered:  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers brick intended for use in masonry and supplying structural or facing components, or both, to the structure. Bricks shall be classified according to their resistance to damage by freezing when saturated at a moisture content: Grade SW and Grade MW. The facing bricks shall be classified into three types: Types FBS; FBX; and FBA. Durability; absorption alternate; freezing and thawing alternative; breakage and weight loss; cracking; low weathering index alternative; compressive strength; and initial rate of absorption requirements shall be tested for the material to meet the specified requirements.
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1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in masonry supplying structural or facing components, or both, to the structure.  
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1.5 Brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to describe the brick.  
1.5.1 This standard and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.  
1.6 Three types of brick in each of two grades are covered.  
1.7 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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Standard Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired, Brick Units)

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This specification deals with the standards for bricks, having a ceramic glaze finish fused to the body during the same process as the unit body firing, that are intended for use in masonry. These products are also proposed for use in supplying structural or facing components. This specification, however, doest not cover double-fired glazed brick. The bricks shall be available in two grades: grade S (standard) and grade SS (select sized). Two types and classes of bricks are also covered: type I (single-faced units) and type II (two-faced units); and class exterior and class interior. The glazed bricks shall also conform to the physical properties such as durability, strength and absorption requirements and freezing and thawing requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers brick, having a ceramic glaze finish fused to the body during the same process as the unit body firing, that are intended for use in masonry and supplying structural or facing components, or both, to the structure. This specification does not cover double-fired glazed brick. Some double-fired decorative glazes have physical properties, which vary from those of single-fired glazes due to the lower temperatures used in applying the decorative coating.  
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements of this specification is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 Glazed brick are prismatic units available in a variety of sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. Glazed brick are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see Terminology C1232).  
1.4 Glazed brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to describe the brick.  
1.5 Glazed brick are classified into one of two grades, one of two types, one of two classes, and one of three divisions.  
1.6 Opacity of the glaze is not required unless specified by the purchaser.  
1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1088-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Thin Veneer Brick Units Made From Clay or Shale

ABSTRACT
This specification covers thin veneer brick units made from clay, shale, fire clay, sand, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion for use in adhered or fastened veneer applications. The brick units shall be available in both Grades Interior and Exterior of the following types: Type TBS (Standard), which are for general masonry use; Type TBX (Select), which are produced with higher degree of precision; and Type TBA (Architectural), which are selected to produce characteristic architectural effects resulting from nonuniformity in size and texture of the individual units. Materials shall undergo durability, and freezing and thawing tests and should adhere to physical property requirements such as maximum water absorption, maximum saturation coefficient, maximum water loss, breakage, cracking, and weathering index. Bricks should also conform to specified characteristics as to face finish, color and texture, size and dimensions, and warpage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thin veneer brick units made from clay, shale, fire clay, sand, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion for use in adhered or fastened veneer applications. Three types of thin veneer brick units in each of two grades are covered. In this specification, the term thin veneer brick shall be understood to mean a clay masonry unit with a thickness of less than 25/8 in. (66.7 mm).
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1.5 Thin brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method is a way to describe the thin brick. Thin brick may also be cut from thicker masonry units.  
1.5.1 This standard and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.  
1.6 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C652-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hollow building brick and hollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion. Hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in any plane parallel to the surface, containing the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. The bricks are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements specified. Bricks that are colored by flashing or textured by sanding, where sand does not form a continuous coating, shall not be considered as surface-colored brick. Hollow bricks require greater shell and web thicknesses and higher minimum compressive strength than structural clay tile, but permit greater void area and lesser distance from exposed edge to core hole than solid brick. Therefore, environmental and structural performance may be different in elements constructed of hollow brick from those constructed of structural clay tile or solid brick. The hollow bricks can be classified into Grades SW and MW according to their degree of resistance to frost action and disintegration by weathering. According to their physical properties, the bricks can be classified into Types HBS, HBX, HBA, and HBB. In terms of size of void areas or hollow spaces, the bricks can be designated into Classes H40V and H60V. The brick shall be free of defects, deficiencies, and surface treatments, including coatings, that would interfere with the proper laying of the brick or significantly impair the strength or performance of the construction. Physical properties like compressive strength, water absorption, saturation coefficient, breakage, and cracks shall be determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hollow building brick and hollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion; intended for use in masonry supplying structural and/or facing components to the structure. In this specification, the term hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in any plane parallel to the surface containing the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane (see 4.3).  
1.2 The requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining compliance with the requirements of this specification is beyond the intent of this standard.  
1.3 This specification does not cover brick intended for use as paving brick (see Specification C902).  
1.4 Brick covered by this specification are ceramic products manufactured primarily from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. Additives or recycled materials are permitted to be included at the option of the manufacturer. (See “firing” and “firing bond” in Terminology C1232.)  
1.4.1 This specification and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.  
1.5 Four types of hollow brick in each of two grades and two classes are covered.  
1.6 Hollow brick differ from unglazed structural clay tile (Specifications C34 and C212) and solid brick (Specifications C62 and C216). Hollow brick require greater...

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