ASTM A484/A484M-24

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, Shapes, and Forgings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished materials, except wire, for forging. The materials shall be furnished in one of the following conditions: (1) hot-worked; (2) hot-worked and annealed; (3) hot-worked, annealed and cold-worked; or (4) hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated. Product analysis tolerances shall be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, cobalt, columbium, tantalum, copper, aluminum, nitrogen, tungsten, vanadium, and selenium. The materials shall be heat treated and austenitic stainless steels and austenitic-ferritic grades shall be furnished in the solution annealed condition and shall conform to the required values of temperature, permitted annealing procedure, quenching, and rapid cooling.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under each of the following specifications issued by ASTM: Specifications A276/A276M, A314, A458, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M.  
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex A1.  
1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M.  
1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A555/A555M.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2023
• ICS: 77.140.20 - Stainless steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.17 - Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A484/A484M-23a - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, Shapes, and Forgings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM A941-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM A370-24 - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM A6/A6M-24 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM A276/A276M-24a - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM A276/A276M-24 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM A6/A6M-23 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM A370-23 - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2023
• Refers: ASTM A276/A276M-23 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2023
• Refers: ASTM A941-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
• Effective Date: 01-May-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F1091-20 - Standard Specification for Wrought Cobalt-20Chromium-15Tungsten-10Nickel Alloy Surgical Fixation Wire (UNS R30605)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Referred By: ASTM A638/A638M-23 - Standard Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Referred By: ASTM F961-20 - Standard Specification for 35Cobalt-35Nickel-20Chromium-10Molybdenum Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants (UNS R30035)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Referred By: ASTM A555/A555M-23 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Referred By: ASTM F1314-18 - Standard Specification for Wrought Nitrogen Strengthened 22 Chromium–13 Nickel–5 Manganese–2.5 Molybdenum Stainless Steel Alloy Bar and Wire for Surgical Implants (UNS S20910)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024

Overview

ASTM A484/A484M-24 is the standard specification established by ASTM International outlining the general requirements for wrought stainless steel bars, billets, shapes, and forgings. This standard serves as the foundation for various product-specific ASTM specifications, ensuring that stainless steel products adhere to consistent quality, dimensional, and chemical composition requirements. ASTM A484/A484M-24 applies to materials supplied in several conditions such as hot-worked, annealed, cold-worked, or heat-treated, excluding wire intended for forging.

This specification is recognized for its wide applicability in industries requiring stainless steel products with strict quality assurance, such as construction, manufacturing, and energy sectors. Its adherence to internationally accepted principles makes it suitable for global procurement and production.

Key Topics

• Product Scope: Covers general requirements for stainless steel bars, billets, forgings, and shapes, except wire for forging.
• Material Conditions: Materials may be delivered in hot-worked, hot-worked and annealed, hot-worked, annealed and cold-worked, or hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated conditions.
• Chemical Composition: Requires conformity to strict chemical analysis for key elements such as carbon, manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, and others.
• Heat Treatment: Specifies solution annealing, quenching, and rapid cooling for austenitic and austenitic-ferritic grades, as well as appropriate treatments for ferritic and martensitic grades based on their specific requirements.
• Tolerance and Dimensions: Stipulates permissible variations in dimensions and mass, ensuring products meet precise specifications for their intended use.
• Surface Finish: Details allowable finishes, including hot-finished, cold-finished, and requirements for surface preparation of shapes and forgings.
• Test Methods: Mandates standard testing procedures for chemical composition, mechanical properties, hardness, corrosion resistance, and grain size.
• Ordering and Certification: Requires specific details in purchase orders and requires certification of compliance with all relevant properties and testing.

Applications

ASTM A484/A484M-24 is essential across multiple industries relying on high-performance stainless steel products. Key application areas include:

• Construction and Infrastructure: Utilized in structural components, reinforcement bars, and specialty shapes for buildings, bridges, and civil projects, where durability and corrosion resistance are critical.
• Manufacturing: Supports the production of precision machined parts, mechanical components, and equipment by defining the baseline requirements for billets and forgings.
• Energy Sector: Applied in components for power generation, oil and gas, and chemical industries due to its rigorous controls on material quality, traceability, and heat treatment.
• Pressure Vessels and Boilers: Ensures material compliance for use in high-pressure environments through referenced standards like ASTM A479/A479M.
• General Engineering: Provides reliable specifications for general purpose engineering applications requiring consistent material properties and reproducibility.

Related Standards

ASTM A484/A484M-24 acts as a baseline for several related standards, referencing and harmonizing with them to ensure interoperability across products. Notable related standards include:

• ASTM A276/A276M: Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
• ASTM A479/A479M: Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Boilers and Pressure Vessels
• ASTM A564/A564M: Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
• ASTM A582/A582M: Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars
• ASTM A480/A480M: General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
• ASTM A555/A555M: General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• ANSI/AISC 370: Specification for Structural Stainless Steel Buildings
• AWS D1.6/D1.6M: Structural Welding Code - Stainless Steel

For precise procurement and quality assurance, following ASTM A484/A484M-24 ensures compatibility and compliance with other related standards, supporting safe and efficient use of stainless steel products in demanding environments.

Keywords: ASTM A484, stainless steel bars, billets, shapes, forgings, general requirements, material standards, heat treatment, chemical composition, surface finish, manufacturing, construction standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A484/A484M − 24
Standard Specification for
General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets,
Shapes, and Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A484/A484M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
2 therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
1.1 This specification covers general requirements that
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings,
formance with the standard.
and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
forging, under each of the following specifications issued by
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ASTM: Specifications A276/A276M, A314, A458, A477,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
product specification and a requirement of this specification,
the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict
2. Referenced Documents
between a requirement of the product specification or a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
requirement of this specification and a more stringent require-
A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled
ment of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail.
Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product
Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a
A276/A276M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.
Shapes
1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in
A314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for
specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex
Forging
A1.
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel prod-
A458 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold-Worked, and
ucts other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M.
Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Bars for High Strength at
1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are
Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn 1988)
covered in Specification A555/A555M.
A477 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold Worked and
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Forgings and Forging Billets for
and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
High Strength at Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units),
1988)
the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either
A479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as
Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels
standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
A480/A480M Specification for General Requirements for
Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,
Sheet, and Strip
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published January 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as A484/A484M – 23a. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0484_A0484M-24. the ASTM website.
2 4
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications, see related Specifi- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
cation SA-484/SA-484M in Section II of that code. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A484/A484M − 24
A555/A555M Specification for General Requirements for extrusion; the permitted cross-sections include round,
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods rectangular, and complex shapes; shall include shapes with all
A564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-
dimensions under 8 in. [200 mm]; shall include hot-rolled flats
Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes with width of 10 in. [250 mm] or less, and with thickness
A565/A565M Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel
0.125 in. [3.00 mm] or greater; shall include flats with width of
Bars for High-Temperature Service
10 in. [250 mm] or less, and with thickness 0.125 in. [3.00 mm]
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless
or greater, cut from strip or plate provided that the long
Steel Bars
direction of the cut bar is parallel to the final rolling direction
A638/A638M Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron
of the strip or plate.
Base Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for
3.2.1.1 Discussion—All cold-reduced flat material with
High-Temperature Service
thickness less than 0.1875 in. [5.00 mm] and width 0.375 in.
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
[9.50 mm] and over is classified as strip.
for Steel Products for Shipment
3.2.2 billets, n—semi-finished products, typically produced
A705/A705M Specification for Age-Hardening Stainless
by rolling, forging, or continuous casting, that require subse-
Steel Forgings
quent hot working by rolling, forging, or extrusion; typically
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
2 2
have a cross-section area of 36 in. [230 cm ] or less and shape
Steel Products
that is square or rectangular with width less than twice the
A831/A831M Specification for Austenitic and Martensitic
thickness; rectangular cross sections with width equal to or
Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings for Liquid
greater than twice the thickness are classified as slabs or sheet
Metal Cooled Reactor Core Components (Withdrawn
bars.
2005)
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related
3.2.3 blooms, n—semi-finished products, typically produced
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
by rolling or continuous casting, that require subsequent hot
A1069/A1069M Specification for Stainless Steel Laser and
working by rolling or forging; typically have a cross section
Laser Hybrid Welded Bars, Plates, Sharp-Cornered Profile 2 2
area of greater than 36 in. [230 cm ] and shape that is square
(SCP), and Built-up Shapes
or rectangular with width less than twice the thickness;
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
rectangular cross sections with width equal to or greater than
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,
twice the thickness are classified as slabs or sheet bars.
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
3.2.4 condition, n—identification of the final step or steps
2.2 ANSI/AISC Standards:
thermomechanical processing as required to describe the met-
ANSI/AISC 370 Specification for Structural Stainless Steel
allurgical state of the material as delivered (examples include
Buildings
6 hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed,
2.3 AWS Standards:
and cold-worked for increased mechanical properties; and
AWS D1.6/D1.6M Structural Welding Code – Stainless
hot-worked, quenched, and tempered).
Steel
2.4 Federal Standards: 3.2.5 dead lengths or exact lengths, n—bars, typically
Fed Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies) hot-sheared, hot-sawed, or machine-cut after machine-
Fed Std. No. 183 Continuous Marking of Iron and Steel straightening, meeting the permitted variations in length as
Products listed in the tolerance tables of this specification.
2.5 Other Standard:
3.2.6 finish, n—description of the surface finish and appli-
Primary Metals Bar Code Standard
cable dimensional tolerances of the product as delivered, most
typically by identification of the process applied to the product,
3. Terminology
and identification of the applicable category of product dimen-
3.1 Definitions:
sional tolerances; examples of finishing operations include
3.1.1 For definitions of terms pertaining to this standard, not
blasting, pickling, rough turning, machine straightening, cen-
otherwise listed in 3.2, reference should be made to Specifi-
terless grinding, polishing, and light cold drawing for surface
cation A6/A6M for shapes and Terminology A941.
finish but not for increased mechanical properties; see also
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
8.1.1 for hot-finished bars and 8.1.3 for cold-finished bars.
3.2.1 bars, n—straight lengths that are produced by process-
3.2.7 forgings, n—parts, including bars, billets, semi-
ing that includes hot deformation, such as rolling, forging, or
finished products, or complex shapes, produced by hot me-
chanical working using hammers, presses, or forging ma-
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., chines.
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
3.2.8 multiple lengths, n—lengths that are specified as
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 8669 NW 36 St., #130,
Miami, FL 33166-6672, http://www.aws.org.
containing a predetermined number of units of length associ-
Available from Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue,
ated with production of a particular part, commonly including
Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 or from http://assist.daps.dla.mil.
8 an allowance of ⁄4 in. [6.5 mm] per unit for cutting to insure
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 4400 Town Center,
Southfield, MI 48075- 1104, http://www.aiag.org. obtaining the required number of pieces.
A484/A484M − 24
3.2.9 random lengths, n—a length range not less than 24 in. 6.1.2 The heat analysis shall conform to the chemical
[1 m]; for example, 10 ft to 12 ft [3 m to 4 m], 14 ft to 17 ft requirements for each of the specified elements for the grade
[4 m to 5 m], or 15 ft to 20 ft [5 m to 6 m]. ordered, as listed in the applicable product specification.
6.1.3 All commercial metals contain small amounts of
3.2.10 shapes, n—structural product having a cross section
elements other than those which are specified. It is neither
other than circular, rectangular, or hexagonal.
practical nor necessary to specify limits for unspecified ele-
3.2.11 slabs or sheet bars, n—products, typically produced
ments that can be present. The producer is permitted to analyze
by blooming, slabbing, or sheet bar mills or by continuous
for unspecified elements and is permitted to report such
casting, that are shipped without further hot working to be
analyses. The presence of an unspecified element and the
further processed into plate, sheet, or strip; it is permitted to
reporting of an analysis for that element shall not be a basis for
heat treat, cut to shape, or surface condition a slab or sheet bar.
rejection unless the presence of that element cause the loss of
a property typically expected for that metal, for the type and
4. Ordering Information
quality ordered.
4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
6.1.4 The purchaser is permitted to require in the purchase
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
order a maximum limit for an individual element not specified
specification. Such requirements to be considered include, but
in the product specification. Such a requirement for an element
are not limited to, the following:
not listed in the product specification, when acknowledged in
4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
the order acceptance, shall be treated as a specified element,
4.1.2 Dimensions, including shape or form with diameter or
with determination of chemical analysis and reporting of that
width and thickness as applicable, length, and prints or
analysis.
sketches as applicable,
6.1.5 The purchaser is permitted to make the requirements
4.1.3 Type or UNS designation,
for any element more stringent, that is, require higher mini-
4.1.4 ASTM specification designation and edition year if
mums for elements having minimum requirements or ranges
other than the latest edition,
with minimum requirements, or requiring lower maximums for
4.1.5 Condition,
elements having specified maximums, or ranges with maxi-
4.1.6 Finish,
mums. The purchaser is not permitted to make chemical
4.1.7 Supplementary Requirements when invoked,
requirements less stringent.
4.1.8 Whether bars are to be rolled as bars or cut from strip
6.1.6 Analysis limits shall be established for specific
or plate, when applicable,
elements rather than groups of elements, including but not
4.1.9 Preparation for delivery,
limited to all others, rare earths, and balance, unless all
4.1.10 Marking requirements,
elements in such a group are similar in technical effect and are
4.1.11 Surface preparation, for shapes, and
associated in typical methods of chemical analysis.
4.1.12 Special requirements.
6.2 Product Analysis—When required, a product analysis
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 5000 lb
shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods,
[2000 kg]; 1.000 in. [25 mm] round bar by 10 ft to 12 ft [3 m to 4 m]; Type
Practices, and Terminology A751. The chemical composition
304 or S30400; Specification A479/A479M; annealed, centerless ground;
thus determined shall conform to the tolerances shown in Table
plus optional requirements, such as special marking instructions.
1.
6.2.1 When the product requirement includes a ratio re-
5. Materials and Manufacture
quirement that is the quotient of two, or more, elements, the
5.1 The material shall be made by any process.
minimum required ratio determined from product analysis shall
5.2 The material shall be furnished in one of the conditions
be at least 0.90× the minimum in the product specification.
detailed in the applicable product specification, for example,
6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for
hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed,
the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the
and cold-worked; or hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated.
requirements of another grade in the referencing product
5.3 The material shall be furnished in one of the finishes as
specification, and any of the product specifications within the
detailed in Section 8 or further described in the applicable
scope of this general requirements specification, for which that
product specification, for example, hot-finished or cold-
element has a specified minimum.
finished.
7. Heat Treatment
6. Chemical Composition
7.1 The heat treatments shown in this section are to be
6.1 Heat or Cast Analysis—The chemical analysis of each
followed unless otherwise specified in the applicable product
heat shall be determined in accordance with the applicable
specification.
materials specification and Test Methods, Practices, and Ter-
7.2 Austenitic Grades:
minology A751.
6.1.1 The analysis of each heat shall be made from a test 7.2.1 Except for strain-hardened grades (see 7.2.4), hot-
sample taken during the pouring of the melt or from the rolled grades (see 7.2.5), and UNS N08020 (see 7.2.6), all
in-process product later in the manufacturing flow. austenitic stainless steels shall be furnished in the solution
A484/A484M − 24
annealed condition in accordance with Table 2, with subse- in accordance with Table 2, with subsequent light cold drawing
quent light cold drawing for cold finishing and straightening for cold finishing and straightening permitted.
permitted.
7.3 Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Grades:
7.2.2 Except as indicated in Table 2, the austenitic grades
7.3.1 The austenitic-ferritic (duplex) grades shall be fur-
shall be annealed, at the option of the manufacturer, by a
nished in the solution annealed condition in accordance with
separate annealing treatment or by process annealing.
Table 2, with subsequent light cold drawing for cold finishing
7.2.2.1 The separate annealing treatment shall consist of
and straightening permitted.
heating the material to the minimum annealing temperature for
7.3.2 Except as indicated in Table 2, the duplex grades shall
the grade as listed in Table 2, holding for a sufficient time to
be annealed, at the option of the manufacturer, by a separate
permit grain boundary carbides to enter into solution, and
annealing treatment or by process annealing.
cooling rapidly enough to prevent unacceptable grain boundary
7.3.2.1 The separate annealing treatment shall consist of
carbide precipitation. Except as indicated in Table 2, austenitic
heating the material to the minimum annealing temperature for
stainless steels solution annealed by a separate annealing
the grade as listed in Table 2, holding for a sufficient time to
treatment shall be capable of meeting the requirements of
permit dissolution of intermetallic phases, and cooling rapidly
Practice E of Practices A262. Practice E of Practices A262 is
enough to prevent unacceptable precipitation of intermetallic
not required unless specified on the purchase order.
phases.
7.2.2.2 Process annealing shall consist of completing hot
7.3.2.2 Process annealing shall consist of completing hot
working above the minimum annealing temperature required
working above the minimum annealing temperature required
for each grade as indicated in Table 2, and cooling rapidly
for each grade as indicated in Table 2, and cooling rapidly
enough to prevent unacceptable grain boundary carbide pre-
enough to prevent unacceptable precipitation of intermetallic
cipitation. Except as indicated in Table 2, austenitic stainless
phases.
steels solution annealed by process annealing shall be capable
7.4 Ferritic Grades—Ferritic grades shall be annealed to
of meeting the requirements of Practice E of Practices A262.
meet their respective mechanical testing requirements as
Practice E of Practices A262 is not required unless specified on
shown in the applicable product specification.
the purchase order.
7.5 Martensitic Grades:
7.2.3 For the stabilized grades, Types 321, 321H, 347,
7.5.1 All martensitic grades shall be supplied in either the
347H, 348, and 348H, the manufacturer is permitted, if
annealed condition or in the tempered condition as specified by
necessary, to use a lower temperature resolution anneal or a
the purchaser. Tempered material shall be normalized, or shall
stabilization anneal after a high temperature anneal in order to
be liquid quenched from 1700 °F [925 °C], minimum, fol-
maximize resistance to intergranular corrosion.
lowed by tempering in accordance with 7.5.2, 7.5.3, or 7.5.4.
NOTE 2—Solution annealing temperatures above 1950 °F [1065 °C]
7.5.2 Types 403 and 410 tempered material shall be held at
may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion after subsequent
the tempering temperature for at least 1 h/in. [25.4 mm] of
exposure to sensitizing conditions for the stabilized grades. When inter-
cross section as follows:
granular corrosion is of concern, the purchaser should specify Practice E
of Practices A262 (to be conducted on specimens exposed to a sensitizing
7.5.2.1 Condition 1—1250 °F [675 °C] minimum, 1400 °F
treatment). Consideration should be given to the corrosive media before
[760 °C] maximum.
using a stabilization anneal at less than 1800 °F [980 °C], as such a
7.5.2.2 Condition 2—1100 °F [595 °C] minimum, 1400 °F
treatment may not be fully effective for all media.
[760 °C] maximum.
7.2.4 Strain-hardened Austenitic Grades—When a particu-
7.5.2.3 Condition 3—1050 °F [565 °C] minimum, 1400 °F
lar austenitic grade is desired with increased mechanical
[760 °C] maximum.
properties, the purchaser is permitted to specify a strain
7.5.3 Types XM-30, 414, and 431 tempered materials shall
hardened condition. This condition is produced by solution
be held at 1100 °F [595 °C], minimum for at least 1 h/in.
annealing the product in accordance with Table 2, followed by
[25 mm] of cross section. Maximum tempering temperature
strain hardening sufficient to meet the required mechanical
shall be 1400 °F [760 °C].
properties. Annealing in accordance with Table 2 is permitted
7.5.4 S41500 shall be heated to 1750 °F [955 °C] minimum,
between strain hardening steps. The solution annealed and
air cooled to 200 °F [95 °C] or lower prior to any optional
strain hardened material shall be capable of meeting the
intermediate temper and prior to the final temper. The final
intergranular corrosion test requirements of Practice E of
temper shall be between 1050 °F and 1150 °F [565 °C and
Practices A262. Practice E of Practices A262 is not required
620 °C].
unless specified on the purchase order.
7.5.5 S44026 shall be heated to 1420 °F [770 °C] minimum,
7.2.4.1 Individual product specifications are permitted to
furnace cooled or air cooled to 200 °F [95 °C] or lower prior to
define particular strain hardened conditions as functions of
any optional temper.
grade, size, and degree of strain hardening.
7.5.6 When the purchaser elects to perform the hardening
7.2.5 Hot-rolled Austenitic Grades—Individual product
and tempering heat treatment, martensitic materials shall be
specifications are permitted to define requirements for particu-
supplied by the manufacturer in the annealed condition (see
lar hot-rolled austenitic grades without annealing.
7.5.1). In this case the purchaser shall be responsible to apply
7.2.6 Except when strain-hardened (see 7.2.4), UNS the proper heat treatment and to conduct the tests deemed
N08020 shall be furnished in the stabilized annealed condition necessary to assure that the required properties are obtained.
A484/A484M − 24
8. Finish 8.1.6 Forgings—Forgings shall be descaled by machining,
blasting, or pickling. The selection of the descaling methods
8.1 The following types of finishes are permitted, as appli-
shall be at the option of the producer unless a particular
cable to the product ordered:
descaling method is specified in the purchase order.
8.1.1 Hot-finished Bars—Hot-finished bars shall have the
surface finish that results from hot processing, with or without
9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
certain additional surface modification. Hot-finished bars are
9.1 Unless otherwise specified on the purchase order, the
commonly produced by hot rolling, forging, pressing,
material shall conform to the permitted variations in dimen-
extruding, or similar hot working procedures applied to ingots,
sions as specified in the following:
blooms, or billets. The resulting products are typically subject
9.1.1 Bars—Tables 3-12.
to various additional operations affecting the surface of the
9.1.2 Shapes—Tables 13-26 and Figs. 1 and 2.
bars, including but not limited to one or more of the following:
annealing or other heat treatment; cleaning by blasting,
NOTE 3—Stainless steel rolled shapes are generally available in sizes up
to 6 in. [152 mm]. The largest stainless steel extrusions fit within an 8 in.
pickling, or other descaling methods; rough turning; and
[200 mm] circle. Additionally, the maximum size of a hot rolled or
machine straightening. The producer is permitted to use
extruded shape is limited by the strength of the alloy and the manufac-
centerless grinding, polishing, or other operations commonly
turer’s capabilities. When larger sections are needed, they are obtained by
associated with cold finishing in order to provide improved
welding. AWS D1.6 does not include requirements for the dedicated
dimensional tolerances or surface condition for the hot-finished production of welded structural sections. The only ASTM standard for the
production of open welded structural sections is A1069/A1069M, but it
bar. The dimensional tolerances applicable to hot-finished bars
only provides requirements for laser or laser hybrid welded shapes. To fill
are less stringent than those applicable to cold-finished bars.
that gap, ANSI/AISC 370 established minimum requirements for open
8.1.2 Bars Cut from Strip or Plate—Bars cut from flat-rolled
shapes welded by other methods.
stainless steel products shall have two surfaces that are pickled
9.1.3 Forgings—As specified in the purchase order, or in
or descaled, and two cut surfaces, except when the bar is heat
prints or sketches accompanying the purchase order.
treated subsequent to cutting, in which case all surfaces shall
9.1.4 Billets or Other Semi-finished Material for
be descaled or pickled.
Reforging—Billets and other semi-finished material shall con-
8.1.3 Cold-finished Bar—Cold-finished bars shall have the
form to the shape and dimensions specified by the purchaser
surface finish that results from hot-finished bars being further
within a permitted variation of 65 %.
processed by additional mechanical operations on the surface
of the bar, including but not limited to light cold drawing,
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
burnishing, centerless grinding, and polishing to provide closer
10.1 The material shall be of uniform quality consistent
tolerances and improved surface finish. The dimensional tol-
with good manufacturing and inspection practices. Imperfec-
erances applicable to cold-finished bars are more stringent than
tions shall be of such a nature or degree for the type and quality
those applicable to hot-finished bars.
ordered, that they shall not adversely affect the forming,
8.1.4 Bars and Billets or Other Semi-finished Material for
machining, or fabrication of finished parts.
Reforging—Material intended for reforging shall be delivered
in the hot-finished condition or in the cold-drawn condition.
11. Sampling
The cold-drawn condition alternative is only permitted for
11.1 A lot for product analysis shall consist of all bars,
austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings. When
shapes, or forgings made from the same heat.
delivered in the hot-finished condition, it is permitted to
condition the surface by removing surface defects provided
11.2 For other tests required by the product specification, a
that the depth of the conditioning does not exceed that which
lot shall consist of all bar products of the same size, or forgings
affects the surface condition or dimensions of the article to be
weighing less than 1000 lb [500 kg] each, from the same heat,
forged from the bar or billet. When delivered in the cold-drawn
and produced under the same processing conditions. All
condition, it is permitted to hot forge forgings from cold-drawn
austenitic, ferritic, austenitic-ferritic, and free-machining
bar provided this bar has been cold-drawn from material in the
grades, martensitic grades annealed to Condition A, and
solution-annealed condition.
precipitation or age-hardening grades when solution treated are
8.1.5 Shapes—Shapes shall be descaled by machining,
permitted to be heat treated in the same furnace or in several
grinding, blasting, or pickling.
furnaces utilizing controlled processing and equipment (see
8.1.5.1 Shapes shall be subject to either Class A or Class C Appendix X1). When heat treating martensitic stainless steels
surface preparation as specified on the purchase order. Class A to Condition T or H, and when age hardening the precipitation
consists of grinding for the removal of imperfections of a hardening grades, a lot shall consist of the same size, same
hazardous nature, such as fins, tears, and jagged edges, heat, and the same heat treat charge in a batch-type furnace or
provided the underweight tolerance is not exceeded and the under the same conditions in a continuous furnace.
maximum depth of grinding at any one point does not exceed 11.2.1 For forgings weighing from 1000 lb [500 kg] to
10 % of the thickness of the section. Class C consists of 5000 lb [2500 kg] each, a lot shall consist of one size classi-
grinding for the removal of all visible surface imperfections, fication from each heat and each heat-treating charge. Where
provided that the underweight tolerance is not exceeded and continuous heat-treating furnaces are used, a lot shall consist of
the maximum depth of grinding at any point does not exceed one size classification from each heat, heated in a period of 8 h
10 % of the thickness of the section. or less.
A484/A484M − 24
11.2.2 For all classes of forgings weighing from 5000 lb to 14.1.4 Brinell Hardness—Test Methods and Definitions
7000 lb [2300 kg to 3200 kg], each unit shall be considered a A370.
lot. 14.1.5 Rockwell Hardness—Test Methods and Definitions
11.2.3 For all classes of forgings weighing more than A370.
7000 lb [3200 kg], each unit shall be considered a double lot, 14.1.6 Intergranular Corrosion—Practice E of Practices
and two tension tests shall be required, one from each end of A262.
each forging. In the case of ring forgings, the tension test 14.1.7 Grain Size—Test Methods E112.
specimens shall be removed from each of two locations on the 14.1.8 Charpy V-notch Impact Test—Test Methods and
periphery, approximately 180° apart, and insofar as practicable, Definitions A370.
from opposite ends of the forging.
15. Inspection
12. Number of Tests and Retests 15.1 Civilian Procurement—Inspection of the material shall
be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier as
12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the product specification,
part of the purchase contract.
one sample per heat shall be selected for chemical analysis and
one mechanical test sample shall be selected from each lot of 15.2 Government Procurement—Unless otherwise specified
bars and shapes and from each lot of forgings. Except for bars
in the contract or purchase order, the seller is responsible for
cut from strip or plate, tension tests of bars and shapes shall be the performance of all inspection and test requirements in this
made in the longitudinal direction or, at the manufacturer’s
specification, the seller is permitted to use their own facilities
option unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, in the or other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection
transverse (through thickness) direction. Material tensile tested
and testing, and the purchaser shall have the right to perform
in the transverse direction and meeting the specified tensile any of the inspection and tests set forth in this specification.
property requirements need not be tested in the longitudinal
The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector all
direction. Testing for bars cut from strip or plate shall conform reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy purchaser that the
to the requirements of the applicable product specification for
material is being furnished in accordance with the specifica-
the strip or plate and to Specification A480/A480M. Hardness tion. Inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unneces-
tests on bars shall be conducted midway between the center
sarily with the manufacturer.
and surface of the product. Tension tests on forgings shall be
16. Rejection and Rehearing
prepared from suitable prolongations, or at the option of the
16.1 The purchaser is permitted to reject material that fails
supplier, excess forgings may be provided for test. All tests
shall conform to the chemical and mechanical requirements of to conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejection
shall be reported to the producer or supplier promptly, prefer-
the product specification.
ably in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of a
12.2 One intergranular corrosion test, when required, and
test, the producer or supplier is permitted to make claim for a
one grain size test, when required shall be made on each lot.
rehearing.
Often, it is convenient to obtain test material from the
specimen selected for mechanical testing.
17. Certification
12.3 If any test specimen shows defective machining or
17.1 A report of the results of all tests required by the
flaws, it is permitted to discard the specimen and to substitute
product specification shall be supplied to the purchaser. This
another specimen.
material test report shall reference the product specification
designation and year date indicating that the material was
12.4 If the results of any test are not in conformance with
manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance
the requirements of this specification or the requirements of the
with requirements of the product specification and has been
applicable product specification, it is permitted to retest a new
found to meet those requirements. The material test report shall
sample of two specimens, to replace the original failed sample.
report the melting process when the purchase order requires
If one of the retest specimens fails, the lot shall be rejected.
either a specific type of melting or requires that the melting
13. Retreatment process used is to be reported.
17.1.1 The report shall indicate the type of steel. If certify-
13.1 Where the failure of a lot is attributable to inadequate
ing that the material conforms to the requirements for more
heat treatment, the producer may reheat treat the material and
than one type of steel, the manufacturer may indicate each type
submit the retreated material for test.
of steel on the report, or may issue a separate report for each
type of steel.
14. Test Methods
17.2 A signature is not required on the report. However, the
14.1 The properties enumerated in the applicable product
document shall clearly identify the organization submitting the
specification shall be tested in accordance with the following
report. Not withstanding the absence of a signature, the
ASTM methods:
organization submitting the document is responsible for its
14.1.1 Chemical Analysis—Test Methods, Practices, and
content.
Terminology A751.
14.1.2 Tension Tests—Test Methods and Definitions A370. 17.3 A document printed from or used in electronic form
14.1.3 Stress Rupture—Test Methods E139. from an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be
A484/A484M − 24
regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in condition, finish, and where appropriate, the size, length, and
the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted weight. Unless otherwise specified, the method of marking is at
document shall meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM the option of the manufacturer. Marking shall be made by hot
standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement be- stamping, cold stamping, or painting of bars, or by marking
tween the purchaser and the supplier. Not withstanding the tags attached to bundles, lifts, or boxes.
absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI 18.1.2 Forgings shall be legibly die stamped with the
transmission is responsible for the content of the report. manufacturer’s symbol or name, material specification
NOTE 4—The industry definition of EDI invoked herein is the
designation, grade or type, and heat identification. When die
computer-to-computer exchange of business information in a standard
stamping is not permitted by the purchaser, electric pencil or
format such as ANSI ASC X12.
electro-etching shall be used.
17.4 When finished material is supplied to a purchase order
18.2 Government Procurement:
specifying the product specification, the organization supply-
18.2.1 When specified in the contract or order, and for direct
ing that material shall provide the purchaser with a copy of the
procurement by or direct shipment to the government, marking
original manufacturer’s test report.
for shipment, in addition to any requirements specified in the
17.4.1 When the original manufacturer’s test report was
contract or order, shall be in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123
provided by EDI to the organization supplying the finished
for civil agencies.
material to the purchaser, the organization supplying the
18.2.2 For government procurement by the Defense Supply
finished material shall provide to the purchaser a printed form
Agency, bars and shapes shall be marked continuously for
of the original test report or shall retransmit the test report by
identification in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 183.
EDI to the purchaser. In either case, the test report shall be
complete with the full identification of the original manufac-
19. Packaging and Package Marking
turer and with all data provided on the test report of the original
19.1 Unless otherwise specified, the bars and shapes shall be
manufacturer.
packaged and loaded in accordance with Practices A700.
18. Product Marking
20. Keywords
18.1 Civilian Procurement:
18.1.1 Bars and shapes shall be marked or tagged with the 20.1 general delivery requirements; stainless steel bars;
name of manufacturer, purchaser’s name and order number, stainless steel billets; stainless steel forgings; stainless steel
ASTM specification designation, heat number, grade or type, shapes
A484/A484M − 24
TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances
NOTE 1—This table specifies tolerances over the maximum limits or under the minimum limits of the chemical requirements of the applicable material
specification (see 1.1); it does not apply to heat analysis.
Tolerances over the Tolerances over the
Upper Limit or Maxi-
Upper Limit of Maximum Maximum (Upper Limit) Maximum (Upper Limit)
Element Element mum of Specified
of Specified Range, % or Under the Minimum or Under the Minimum
Range, %
(Lower Limit) (Lower Limit)
Carbon to 0.010, incl 0.002 Cobalt over 0.05 to 0.50, incl 0.01
over 0.010 to 0.030, incl 0.005 over 0.50 to 2.00, incl 0.02
over 0.030 to 0.20, incl 0.01 over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.05
over 0.20 to 0.60, incl 0.02 over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10
over 0.60 to 1.20, incl 0.03 over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15
over 15.00 to 22.00, incl 0.20
Manganese to 1.00, incl 0.03 over 22.00 to 30.00, incl 0.25
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.04
A
over 3.00 to 6.00, incl 0.05 Columbium + Tantalum to 1.50, incl 0.05
over 6.00 to 10.00, incl 0.06 over 1.50 to 5.00, incl 0.10
over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.10 over 5.00 0.15
over 15.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15
Tantalum to 0.10, incl 0.02
Phosphorus to 0.040, incl 0.005
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010 Copper to 0.50, incl 0.03
over 0.50 to 1.00, incl 0.05
Sulfur to 0.040, incl 0.005 over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010 over 3.00 to 5.00, incl 0.15
over 0.20 to 0.50, incl 0.020 over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.20
Silicon to 1.00, incl 0.05 Aluminum to 0.15, incl −0.005, +0.01
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10 over 0.15 to 0.50, incl 0.05
over 3.00 to 7.00 incl 0.15 over 0.50 to 2.00, incl 0.10
over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.20
Chromium over 4.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10 over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.35
over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15
over 15.00 to 20.00, incl 0.20 Nitrogen to 0.02, incl 0.005
over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.25 over 0.02 to 0.19, incl 0.01
over 0.19 to 0.25, incl 0.02
Nickel to 1.00, incl 0.03 over 0.25 to 0.35, incl 0.03
over 1.00 to 5.00, incl 0.07 over 0.35 to 0.45, incl 0.04
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10 over 0.45 0.05
over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15
over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.20 Tungsten to 1.00, incl 0.03
over 30.00 to 40.00, incl 0.25 over 1.00 to 2.00, incl 0.05
over 40.00 0.30 over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.07
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10
Molybdenum over 0.20 to 0.60, incl 0.03 over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15
over 0.60 to 2.00, incl 0.05
over 2.00 to 7.00, incl 0.10 Vanadium to 0.50, incl 0.03
over 7.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15 over 0.50 to 1.50, incl 0.05
over 15.00 to 30.00, incl 0.20
Selenium all 0.03
Titanium to 1.00, incl 0.05
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.07
over 3.00 0.10
A
Columbium (Cb) and niobium (Nb) are considered interchangeable names for element 41 in the periodic table and both names are acceptable for use.
A484/A484M − 24
TABLE 2 Annealing Requirements
B
Permitted Annealing
Cooling/Testing
A
Designation/Type Temperature
Requirements
Separate Process
Austenitic (Chromium-Nickel)
(Chromium-Nickel-Manganese)
C D
All austenitic grades except as listed below 1900 °F [1040 °C] x x
E D
All Cr-Ni-Mn grades, 1900 °F [1040 °C] x x
302, S30215, S30452, S30600, S30615, 308, S30815,
S30880, 309, 309S, 310, 310S, 314, 317, S31725,
S31726, S32615, S38100
E
309Cb, 310Cb, 316Cb, 316Ti, 321, 347, 348 1900 °F [1040 °C] x
E
304H, 309H, 310H, 316H 1900 °F [1040 °C] x
321H, 347H, 348H
E
Hot-worked 1925 °F [1050 °C] x
E
Cold-worked 2000 °F [1095 °C] x
E F
S31051 2010 °F [1100 °C] x x
E F
S31052 2050 °F [1120 °C] x x
E
S31254, S32050 2100 °F [1150 °C] x
E
S31727, S32053 1975 to 2155 °F [1080° to 1180 °C] x
E
S33228 2050 to 2140 °F [1120° to 1170 °C] x
E
S34565 2050 to 2140 °F [1120° to 1170 °C] x
E
S34752 1940 to 2140 °F [1060° to 1170 °C] x
E F
S35130 2010 °F [1100 °C] x x
E
S35315 2010 °F [1100 °C] x
E
N08367 2025 °F [1105 °C] x
E
N08700 2000 °F [1095 °C] x
E
N08020 1700 to 1850 °F [930 to 1010 °C] x
E
N08810 2050 °F [1120 °C] x
E
N08811 2100 °F [1150 °C] x
E
N08904 2000 °F [1095 °C] x
E
N08925, N08926 2010 to 2100 °F [1100 to 1150 °C] x
Austenitic-Ferritic
(Duplex)
E F
S32100 1900 °F [1040 °C] x x
E F
S31260 1870° to 2010 °F [1020° to 1100 °C] x x
E
S31266 2100 °F [1150 °C] x
E F
S31803 1900 °F [1040 °C] x x
E F
S32101 1870 °F [1020 °C] x x
E F
S32202 1800 to 1975 °F [980 to 1080 °C] x x
G F
S32205 1900 °F [1040 °C] x x
E F
S32304 1800 °F [980 °C] x x
E F
S32506 1870° to 2050 °F [1020° to 1120 °C] x x
E F
S32550 1900 °F [1040 °C] x x
E F
S32750 1880 °F [1025 °C] x x
E F
S32760 2010 °F [1100 °C] x x
E F
S32808 1925 to 2100 °F [1050 to 1150 °C] x x
E F
S32900 1750° ± 25 °F [955°± 15 °C] x x
E F
S32906 1830° to 2100 °F [1000° to 1150 °C] x x
E F
S32950 1850° ± 25 °F [1010°± 15 °C] x x
E F
S82441 1830 °F [1000 °C] x x
A
Minimum annealing temperature unless otherwise specified.
B
Permitted annealing procedure, see 7.2.2.
C
Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of carbides, as demonstrable by the capability of passing Practice E
of Practices A262. Performance of the test is not required unless specified in the purchase order.
D
Minimum temperature at which hot working is completed shall be 1850 °F [1010 °C].
E
Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means.
F
Minimum temperature at which hot working is completed shall be the minimum temperature for separate annealing.
G
Quenched in water.
A484/A484M − 24
A
TABLE 3 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-finished Round, Turned, and Square Bars
Permitted Variations from Specified Size,
B
Out-of-Round or
in. [mm]
Specified Size, in. [mm]
C
Out-of-Square, in. [mm]
Over Under
D
5 7
⁄16 to ⁄16 [8.00 to 11.00], incl 0.006 [0.15] 0.006 [0.15] 0.009 [0.23]
D
7 5
Over ⁄16 to ⁄8 [11.00 to 15.50], incl 0.007 [0.18] 0.007 [0.18] 0.010 [0.26]
5 7
Over ⁄8 to ⁄8 [15.50 to 22.00], incl 0.008 [0.20] 0.008 [0.20] 0.012 [0.30]
Over ⁄8 to 1 [22.00 to 25.00], incl 0.009 [0.23] 0.009 [0.23] 0.013 [0.34]
Over 1 to 1 ⁄8 [25.00 to 28.00], incl 0.010 [0.25] 0.010 [0.25] 0.015 [0.38]
1 1
Over 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 [28.00 to 31.50], incl 0.011 [0.28] 0.011 [0.28] 0.016 [0.42]
1 3
Over 1 ⁄4 to 1 ⁄8 [31.50 to 34.50], incl 0.012 [0.30] 0.012 [0.30] 0.018 [0.46]
3 1
Over 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄2 [34.50 to 38.00], incl 0.014 [0.35] 0.014 [0.35] 0.021 [0.53]
1 1 1
Over 1 ⁄2 to 2 [38.00 to 50.00], incl ⁄64 [0.40] ⁄64 [0.40] 0.023 [0.60]
1 1
Over 2 to 2 ⁄2 [50.00 to 63.00], incl ⁄32 [0.80] 0 0.023 [0.60]
1 1 3
Over 2 ⁄2 to 3 ⁄2 [63.00 to 90.00], incl ⁄64 [1.20] 0 0.035 [0.90]
1 1 1
Over 3 ⁄2 to 4 ⁄2 [90.00 to 115.00], incl ⁄16 [1.60] 0 0.046 [1.20]
1 1 5
Over 4 ⁄2 to 5 ⁄2 [115.00 to 140.00], incl ⁄64 [2.00] 0 0.058 [1.50]
1 1 1
Over 5 ⁄2 to 6 ⁄2 [140.00 to 165.00], incl ⁄8 [3.00] 0 0.070 [1.80]
1 5
Over 6 ⁄2 to 8 [165.00 to 200.00], incl ⁄32 [4.00] 0 0.085
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A484/A484M − 23a A484/A484M − 24
Standard Specification for
General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets,
Shapes, and Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A484/A484M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets
or other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under each of the following specifications issued by ASTM:
Specifications A276/A276M, A314, A458, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, A638/A638M,
A705/A705M, and A831/A831M.
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product
specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this
specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order
requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this
specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.
1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex A1.
1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M.
1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A555/A555M.
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either
inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.17
on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023Jan. 1, 2024. Published September 2023January 2024. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as
A484/A484M – 23.A484/A484M – 23a. DOI: 10.1520/A0484_A0484M-23A.10.1520/A0484_A0484M-24.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications, see related Specification SA-484/SA-484M in Section II of that code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A484/A484M − 24
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A276/A276M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
A314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for Forging
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A458 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold-Worked, and Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Bars for High Strength at Elevated
Temperatures (Withdrawn 1988)
A477 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold Worked and Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Forgings and Forging Billets for High
Strength at Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn 1988)
A479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels
A480/A480M Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
A555/A555M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
A564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
A565/A565M Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel Bars for High-Temperature Service
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars
A638/A638M Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for
High-Temperature Service
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A705/A705M Specification for Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Forgings
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A831/A831M Specification for Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings for Liquid Metal Cooled
Reactor Core Components (Withdrawn 2005)
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A1069/A1069M Specification for Stainless Steel Laser and Laser Hybrid Welded Bars, Plates, Sharp-Cornered Profile (SCP),
and Built-up Shapes
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
2.2 ANSI/AISC Standards:
ANSI/AISC 370 Specification for Structural Stainless Steel Buildings
2.3 AWS Standards:
AWS D1.6/D1.6M Structural Welding Code – Stainless Steel
2.4 Federal Standards:
Fed Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
Fed Std. No. 183 Continuous Marking of Iron and Steel Products
2.5 Other Standard:
Primary Metals Bar Code Standard
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms pertaining to this standard, not otherwise listed in 3.2, reference should be made to Specification
A6/A6M for shapes and Terminology A941.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bars, n—straight lengths that are produced by processing that includes hot deformation, such as rolling, forging, or extrusion;
the permitted cross-sections include round, rectangular, and complex shapes; shall include shapes with all dimensions under 8 in.
[200 mm]; shall include hot-rolled flats with width of 10 in. [250 mm] or less, and with thickness 0.125 in. [3.00 mm] or greater;
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 8669 NW 36 St., #130, Miami, FL 33166-6672, http://www.aws.org.
Available from Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 or from http://assist.daps.dla.mil.
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 4400 Town Center, Southfield, MI 48075- 1104, http://www.aiag.org.
A484/A484M − 24
shall include flats with width of 10 in. [250 mm] or less, and with thickness 0.125 in. [3.00 mm] or greater, cut from strip or plate
provided that the long direction of the cut bar is parallel to the final rolling direction of the strip or plate.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
All cold-reduced flat material with thickness less than 0.1875 in. [5.00 mm] and width 0.375 in. [9.50 mm] and over is classified
as strip.
3.2.2 billets, n—semi-finished products, typically produced by rolling, forging, or continuous casting, that require subsequent hot
2 2
working by rolling, forging, or extrusion; typically have a cross-section area of 36 in. [230 cm ] or less and shape that is square
or rectangular with width less than twice the thickness; rectangular cross sections with width equal to or greater than twice the
thickness are classified as slabs or sheet bars.
3.2.3 blooms, n—semi-finished products, typically produced by rolling or continuous casting, that require subsequent hot working
2 2
by rolling or forging; typically have a cross section area of greater than 36 in. [230 cm ] and shape that is square or rectangular
with width less than twice the thickness; rectangular cross sections with width equal to or greater than twice the thickness are
classified as slabs or sheet bars.
3.2.4 condition, n—identification of the final step or steps thermomechanical processing as required to describe the metallurgical
state of the material as delivered (examples include hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed, and cold-worked
for increased mechanical properties; and hot-worked, quenched, and tempered).
3.2.5 dead lengths or exact lengths, n—bars, typically hot-sheared, hot-sawed, or machine-cut after machine-straightening,
meeting the permitted variations in length as listed in the tolerance tables of this specification.
3.2.6 finish, n—description of the surface finish and applicable dimensional tolerances of the product as delivered, most typically
by identification of the process applied to the product, and identification of the applicable category of product dimensional
tolerances; examples of finishing operations include blasting, pickling, rough turning, machine straightening, centerless grinding,
polishing, and light cold drawing for surface finish but not for increased mechanical properties; see also 8.1.1 for hot-finished bars
and 8.1.3 for cold-finished bars.
3.2.7 forgings, n—parts, including bars, billets, semi-finished products, or complex shapes, produced by hot mechanical working
using hammers, presses, or forging machines.
3.2.8 multiple lengths, n—lengths that are specified as containing a predetermined number of units of length associated with
production of a particular part, commonly including an allowance of ⁄4 in. [6.5 mm] per unit for cutting to insure obtaining the
required number of pieces.
3.2.9 random lengths, n—a length range not less than 24 in. [1 m]; for example, 10 ft to 12 ft [3 m to 4 m], 14 ft to 17 ft [4 m
to 5 m], or 15 ft to 20 ft [5 m to 6 m].
3.2.10 shapes, n—structural product having a cross section other than circular, rectangular, or hexagonal.
3.2.11 slabs or sheet bars, n—products, typically produced by blooming, slabbing, or sheet bar mills or by continuous casting, that
are shipped without further hot working to be further processed into plate, sheet, or strip; it is permitted to heat treat, cut to shape,
or surface condition a slab or sheet bar.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
specification. Such requirements to be considered include, but are not limited to, the following:
4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
4.1.2 Dimensions, including shape or form with diameter or width and thickness as applicable, length, and prints or sketches as
applicable,
4.1.3 Type or UNS designation,
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4.1.4 ASTM specification designation and edition year if other than the latest edition,
4.1.5 Condition,
4.1.6 Finish,
4.1.7 Supplementary Requirements when invoked,
4.1.8 Whether bars are to be rolled as bars or cut from strip or plate, when applicable,
4.1.9 Preparation for delivery,
4.1.10 Marking requirements,
4.1.11 Surface preparation, for shapes, and
4.1.12 Special requirements.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 5000 lb [2000 kg]; 1.000 in. [25 mm] round bar by 10 ft to 12 ft [3 m to 4 m]; Type 304 or S30400;
Specification A479/A479M; annealed, centerless ground; plus optional requirements, such as special marking instructions.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The material shall be made by any process.
5.2 The material shall be furnished in one of the conditions detailed in the applicable product specification, for example,
hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed, and cold-worked; or hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated.
5.3 The material shall be furnished in one of the finishes as detailed in Section 8 or further described in the applicable product
specification, for example, hot-finished or cold-finished.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Heat or Cast Analysis—The chemical analysis of each heat shall be determined in accordance with the applicable materials
specification and Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
6.1.1 The analysis of each heat shall be made from a test sample taken during the pouring of the melt or from the in-process
product later in the manufacturing flow.
6.1.2 The heat analysis shall conform to the chemical requirements for each of the specified elements for the grade ordered, as
listed in the applicable product specification.
6.1.3 All commercial metals contain small amounts of elements other than those which are specified. It is neither practical nor
necessary to specify limits for unspecified elements that can be present. The producer is permitted to analyze for unspecified
elements and is permitted to report such analyses. The presence of an unspecified element and the reporting of an analysis for that
element shall not be a basis for rejection unless the presence of that element cause the loss of a property typically expected for
that metal, for the type and quality ordered.
6.1.4 The purchaser is permitted to require in the purchase order a maximum limit for an individual element not specified in the
product specification. Such a requirement for an element not listed in the product specification, when acknowledged in the order
acceptance, shall be treated as a specified element, with determination of chemical analysis and reporting of that analysis.
6.1.5 The purchaser is permitted to make the requirements for any element more stringent, that is, require higher minimums for
elements having minimum requirements or ranges with minimum requirements, or requiring lower maximums for elements having
specified maximums, or ranges with maximums. The purchaser is not permitted to make chemical requirements less stringent.
A484/A484M − 24
6.1.6 Analysis limits shall be established for specific elements rather than groups of elements, including but not limited to all
others,rare earths, and balance, unless all elements in such a group are similar in technical effect and are associated in typical
methods of chemical analysis.
6.2 Product Analysis—When required, a product analysis shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and
Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the tolerances shown in Table 1.
6.2.1 When the product requirement includes a ratio requirement that is the quotient of two, or more, elements, the minimum
required ratio determined from product analysis shall be at least 0.90× the minimum in the product specification.
6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requirements
of another grade in the referencing product specification, and any of the product specifications within the scope of this general
requirements specification, for which that element has a specified minimum.
7. Heat Treatment
7.1 The heat treatments shown in this section are to be followed unless otherwise specified in the applicable product specification.
7.2 Austenitic Grades:
7.2.1 Except for strain-hardened grades (see 7.2.4), hot-rolled grades (see 7.2.5), and UNS N08020 (see 7.2.6), all austenitic
stainless steels shall be furnished in the solution annealed condition in accordance with Table 2, with subsequent light cold drawing
for cold finishing and straightening permitted.
7.2.2 Except as indicated in Table 2, the austenitic grades shall be annealed, at the option of the manufacturer, by a separate
annealing treatment or by process annealing.
7.2.2.1 The separate annealing treatment shall consist of heating the material to the minimum annealing temperature for the grade
as listed in Table 2, holding for a sufficient time to permit grain boundary carbides to enter into solution, and cooling rapidly
enough to prevent unacceptable grain boundary carbide precipitation. Except as indicated in Table 2, austenitic stainless steels
solution annealed by a separate annealing treatment shall be capable of meeting the requirements of Practice E of Practices A262.
Practice E of Practices A262 is not required unless specified on the purchase order.
7.2.2.2 Process annealing shall consist of completing hot working above the minimum annealing temperature required for each
grade as indicated in Table 2, and cooling rapidly enough to prevent unacceptable grain boundary carbide precipitation. Except as
indicated in Table 2, austenitic stainless steels solution annealed by process annealing shall be capable of meeting the requirements
of Practice E of Practices A262. Practice E of Practices A262 is not required unless specified on the purchase order.
7.2.3 For the stabilized grades, Types 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348, and 348H, the manufacturer is permitted, if necessary, to use
a lower temperature resolution anneal or a stabilization anneal after a high temperature anneal in order to maximize resistance to
intergranular corrosion.
NOTE 2—Solution annealing temperatures above 1950 °F [1065 °C] may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion after subsequent exposure to
sensitizing conditions for the stabilized grades. When intergranular corrosion is of concern, the purchaser should specify Practice E of Practices A262
(to be conducted on specimens exposed to a sensitizing treatment). Consideration should be given to the corrosive media before using a stabilization
anneal at less than 1800 °F [980 °C], as such a treatment may not be fully effective for all media.
7.2.4 Strain-hardened Austenitic Grades—When a particular austenitic grade is desired with increased mechanical properties, the
purchaser is permitted to specify a strain hardened condition. This condition is produced by solution annealing the product in
accordance with Table 2, followed by strain hardening sufficient to meet the required mechanical properties. Annealing in
accordance with Table 2 is permitted between strain hardening steps. The solution annealed and strain hardened material shall be
capable of meeting the intergranular corrosion test requirements of Practice E of Practices A262. Practice E of Practices A262 is
not required unless specified on the purchase order.
7.2.4.1 Individual product specifications are permitted to define particular strain hardened conditions as functions of grade, size,
and degree of strain hardening.
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7.2.5 Hot-rolled Austenitic Grades—Individual product specifications are permitted to define requirements for particular hot-rolled
austenitic grades without annealing.
7.2.6 Except when strain-hardened (see 7.2.4), UNS N08020 shall be furnished in the stabilized annealed condition in accordance
with Table 2, with subsequent light cold drawing for cold finishing and straightening permitted.
7.3 Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Grades:
7.3.1 The austenitic-ferritic (duplex) grades shall be furnished in the solution annealed condition in accordance with Table 2, with
subsequent light cold drawing for cold finishing and straightening permitted.
7.3.2 Except as indicated in Table 2, the duplex grades shall be annealed, at the option of the manufacturer, by a separate annealing
treatment or by process annealing.
7.3.2.1 The separate annealing treatment shall consist of heating the material to the minimum annealing temperature for the grade
as listed in Table 2, holding for a sufficient time to permit dissolution of intermetallic phases, and cooling rapidly enough to prevent
unacceptable precipitation of intermetallic phases.
7.3.2.2 Process annealing shall consist of completing hot working above the minimum annealing temperature required for each
grade as indicated in Table 2, and cooling rapidly enough to prevent unacceptable precipitation of intermetallic phases.
7.4 Ferritic Grades—Ferritic grades shall be annealed to meet their respective mechanical testing requirements as shown in the
applicable product specification.
7.5 Martensitic Grades:
7.5.1 All martensitic grades shall be supplied in either the annealed condition or in the tempered condition as specified by the
purchaser. Tempered material shall be normalized, or shall be liquid quenched from 1700 °F [925 °C], minimum, followed by
tempering in accordance with 7.5.2, 7.5.3, or 7.5.4.
7.5.2 Types 403 and 410 tempered material shall be held at the tempering temperature for at least 1 h/in. [25.4 mm] of cross section
as follows:
7.5.2.1 Condition 1—1250 °F [675 °C] minimum, 1400 °F [760 °C] maximum.
7.5.2.2 Condition 2—1100 °F [595 °C] minimum, 1400 °F [760 °C] maximum.
7.5.2.3 Condition 3—1050 °F [565 °C] minimum, 1400 °F [760 °C] maximum.
7.5.3 Types XM-30, 414, and 431 tempered materials shall be held at 1100 °F [595 °C], minimum for at least 1 h/in. [25 mm] of
cross section. Maximum tempering temperature shall be 1400 °F [760 °C].
7.5.4 S41500 shall be heated to 1750 °F [955 °C] minimum, air cooled to 200 °F [95 °C] or lower prior to any optional
intermediate temper and prior to the final temper. The final temper shall be between 1050 °F and 1150 °F [565 °C and 620 °C].
7.5.5 S44026 shall be heated to 1420 °F [770 °C] minimum, furnace cooled or air cooled to 200 °F [95 °C] or lower prior to any
optional temper.
7.5.6 When the purchaser elects to perform the hardening and tempering heat treatment, martensitic materials shall be supplied
by the manufacturer in the annealed condition (see 7.5.1). In this case the purchaser shall be responsible to apply the proper heat
treatment and to conduct the tests deemed necessary to assure that the required properties are obtained.
8. Finish
8.1 The following types of finishes are permitted, as applicable to the product ordered:
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8.1.1 Hot-finished Bars—Hot-finished bars shall have the surface finish that results from hot processing, with or without certain
additional surface modification. Hot-finished bars are commonly produced by hot rolling, forging, pressing, extruding, or similar
hot working procedures applied to ingots, blooms, or billets. The resulting products are typically subject to various additional
operations affecting the surface of the bars, including but not limited to one or more of the following: annealing or other heat
treatment; cleaning by blasting, pickling, or other descaling methods; rough turning; and machine straightening. The producer is
permitted to use centerless grinding, polishing, or other operations commonly associated with cold finishing in order to provide
improved dimensional tolerances or surface condition for the hot-finished bar. The dimensional tolerances applicable to
hot-finished bars are less stringent than those applicable to cold-finished bars.
8.1.2 Bars Cut from Strip or Plate—Bars cut from flat-rolled stainless steel products shall have two surfaces that are pickled or
descaled, and two cut surfaces, except when the bar is heat treated subsequent to cutting, in which case all surfaces shall be
descaled or pickled.
8.1.3 Cold-finished Bar—Cold-finished bars shall have the surface finish that results from hot-finished bars being further processed
by additional mechanical operations on the surface of the bar, including but not limited to light cold drawing, burnishing, centerless
grinding, and polishing to provide closer tolerances and improved surface finish. The dimensional tolerances applicable to
cold-finished bars are more stringent than those applicable to hot-finished bars.
8.1.4 Bars and Billets or Other Semi-finished Material for Reforging—Material intended for reforging shall be delivered in the
hot-finished condition or in the cold-drawn condition. The cold-drawn condition alternative is only permitted for austenitic and
austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings. When delivered in the hot-finished condition, it is permitted to condition the surface by
removing surface defects provided that the depth of the conditioning does not exceed that which affects the surface condition or
dimensions of the article to be forged from the bar or billet. When delivered in the cold-drawn condition, it is permitted to hot forge
forgings from cold-drawn bar provided this bar has been cold-drawn from material in the solution-annealed condition.
8.1.5 Shapes—Shapes shall be descaled by machining, grinding, blasting, or pickling.
8.1.5.1 Shapes shall be subject to either Class A or Class C surface preparation as specified on the purchase order. Class A consists
of grinding for the removal of imperfections of a hazardous nature, such as fins, tears, and jagged edges, provided the underweight
tolerance is not exceeded and the maximum depth of grinding at any one point does not exceed 10 % of the thickness of the section.
Class C consists of grinding for the removal of all visible surface imperfections, provided that the underweight tolerance is not
exceeded and the maximum depth of grinding at any point does not exceed 10 % of the thickness of the section.
8.1.6 Forgings—Forgings shall be descaled by machining, blasting, or pickling. The selection of the descaling methods shall be
at the option of the producer unless a particular descaling method is specified in the purchase order.
9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
9.1 Unless otherwise specified on the purchase order, the material shall conform to the permitted variations in dimensions as
specified in the following:
9.1.1 Bars—Tables 3-12.
9.1.2 Shapes—Tables 13-26 and Figs. 1 and 2.
NOTE 3—Stainless steel rolled shapes are generally available in sizes up to 6 in. [152 mm]. The largest stainless steel extrusions fit within an 8 in. [200
mm] circle. Additionally, the maximum size of a hot rolled or extruded shape is limited by the strength of the alloy and the manufacturer’s capabilities.
When larger sections are needed, they are obtained by welding. AWS D1.6 does not include requirements for the dedicated production of welded structural
sections. The only ASTM standard for the production of open welded structural sections is A1069/A1069M, but it only provides requirements for laser
or laser hybrid welded shapes. To fill that gap, ANSI/AISC 370 established minimum requirements for open shapes welded by other methods.
9.1.3 Forgings—As specified in the purchase order, or in prints or sketches accompanying the purchase order.
9.1.4 Billets or Other Semi-finished Material for Reforging—Billets and other semi-finished material shall conform to the shape
and dimensions specified by the purchaser within a permitted variation of 65 %.
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10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
10.1 The material shall be of uniform quality consistent with good manufacturing and inspection practices. Imperfections shall be
of such a nature or degree for the type and quality ordered, that they shall not adversely affect the forming, machining, or
fabrication of finished parts.
11. Sampling
11.1 A lot for product analysis shall consist of all bars, shapes, or forgings made from the same heat.
11.2 For other tests required by the product specification, a lot shall consist of all bar products of the same size, or forgings
weighing less than 1000 lb [500 kg] each, from the same heat, and produced under the same processing conditions. All austenitic,
ferritic, austenitic-ferritic, and free-machining grades, martensitic grades annealed to Condition A, and precipitation or
age-hardening grades when solution treated are permitted to be heat treated in the same furnace or in several furnaces utilizing
controlled processing and equipment (see Appendix X1). When heat treating martensitic stainless steels to Condition T or H, and
when age hardening the precipitation hardening grades, a lot shall consist of the same size, same heat, and the same heat treat
charge in a batch-type furnace or under the same conditions in a continuous furnace.
11.2.1 For forgings weighing from 1000 lb [500 kg] to 5000 lb [2500 kg] each, a lot shall consist of one size classification from
each heat and each heat-treating charge. Where continuous heat-treating furnaces are used, a lot shall consist of one size
classification from each heat, heated in a period of 8 h or less.
11.2.2 For all classes of forgings weighing from 5000 lb to 7000 lb [2300 kg to 3200 kg], each unit shall be considered a lot.
11.2.3 For all classes of forgings weighing more than 7000 lb [3200 kg], each unit shall be considered a double lot, and two
tension tests shall be required, one from each end of each forging. In the case of ring forgings, the tension test specimens shall
be removed from each of two locations on the periphery, approximately 180° apart, and insofar as practicable, from opposite ends
of the forging.
12. Number of Tests and Retests
12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the product specification, one sample per heat shall be selected for chemical analysis and one
mechanical test sample shall be selected from each lot of bars and shapes and from each lot of forgings. Except for bars cut from
strip or plate, tension tests of bars and shapes shall be made in the longitudinal direction or, at the manufacturer’s option unless
otherwise specified in the purchase order, in the transverse (through thickness) direction. Material tensile tested in the transverse
direction and meeting the specified tensile property requirements need not be tested in the longitudinal direction. Testing for bars
cut from strip or plate shall conform to the requirements of the applicable product specification for the strip or plate and to
Specification A480/A480M. Hardness tests on bars shall be conducted midway between the center and surface of the product.
Tension tests on forgings shall be prepared from suitable prolongations, or at the option of the supplier, excess forgings may be
provided for test. All tests shall conform to the chemical and mechanical requirements of the product specification.
12.2 One intergranular corrosion test, when required, and one grain size test, when required shall be made on each lot. Often, it
is convenient to obtain test material from the specimen selected for mechanical testing.
12.3 If any test specimen shows defective machining or flaws, it is permitted to discard the specimen and to substitute another
specimen.
12.4 If the results of any test are not in conformance with the requirements of this specification or the requirements of the
applicable product specification, it is permitted to retest a new sample of two specimens, to replace the original failed sample. If
one of the retest specimens fails, the lot shall be rejected.
13. Retreatment
13.1 Where the failure of a lot is attributable to inadequate heat treatment, the producer may reheat treat the material and submit
the retreated material for test.
A484/A484M − 24
14. Test Methods
14.1 The properties enumerated in the applicable product specification shall be tested in accordance with the following ASTM
methods:
14.1.1 Chemical Analysis—Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
14.1.2 Tension Tests—Test Methods and Definitions A370.
14.1.3 Stress Rupture—Test Methods E139.
14.1.4 Brinell Hardness—Test Methods and Definitions A370.
14.1.5 Rockwell Hardness—Test Methods and Definitions A370.
14.1.6 Intergranular Corrosion—Practice E of Practices A262.
14.1.7 Grain Size—Test Methods E112.
14.1.8 Charpy V-notch Impact Test—Test Methods and Definitions A370.
15. Inspection
15.1 Civilian Procurement—Inspection of the material shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier as part of
the purchase contract.
15.2 Government Procurement—Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the seller is responsible for the
performance of all inspection and test requirements in this specification, the seller is permitted to use their own facilities or other
suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection and testing, and the purchaser shall have the right to perform any of the
inspection and tests set forth in this specification. The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector all reasonable facilities
necessary to satisfy purchaser that the material is being furnished in accordance with the specification. Inspection by the purchaser
shall not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer.
16. Rejection and Rehearing
16.1 The purchaser is permitted to reject material that fails to conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejection shall
be reported to the producer or supplier promptly, preferably in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of a test, the
producer or supplier is permitted to make claim for a rehearing.
17. Certification
17.1 A report of the results of all tests required by the product specification shall be supplied to the purchaser. This material test
report shall reference the product specification designation and year date indicating that the material was manufactured, sampled,
tested, and inspected in accordance with requirements of the product specification and has been found to meet those requirements.
The material test report shall report the melting process when the purchase order requires either a specific type of melting or
requires that the melting process used is to be reported.
17.1.1 The report shall indicate the type of steel. If certifying that the material conforms to the requirements for more than one
type of steel, the manufacturer may indicate each type of steel on the report, or may issue a separate report for each type of steel.
17.2 A signature is not required on the report. However, the document shall clearly identify the organization submitting the report.
Not withstanding the absence of a signature, the organization submitting the document is responsible for its content.
17.3 A document printed from or used in electronic form from an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be regarded
as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted document shall
A484/A484M − 24
meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement between the purchaser and
the supplier. Not withstanding the absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI transmission is responsible for the
content of the report.
NOTE 4—The industry definition of EDI invoked herein is the computer-to-computer exchange of business information in a standard format such as ANSI
ASC X12.
17.4 When finished material is supplied to a purchase order specifying the product specification, the organization supplying that
material shall provide the purchaser with a copy of the original manufacturer’s test report.
17.4.1 When the original manufacturer’s test report was provided by EDI to the organization supplying the finished material to
the purchaser, the organization supplying the finished material shall provide to the purchaser a printed form of the original test
report or shall retransmit the test report by EDI to the purchaser. In either case, the test report shall be complete with the full
identification of the original manufacturer and with all data provided on the test report of the original manufacturer.
18. Product Marking
18.1 Civilian Procurement:
18.1.1 Bars and shapes shall be marked or tagged with the name of manufacturer, purchaser’s name and order number, ASTM
specification designation, heat number, grade or type, condition, finish, and where appropriate, the size, length, and weight. Unless
otherwise specified, the method of marking is at the option of the manufacturer. Marking shall be made by hot stamping, cold
stamping, or painting of bars, or by marking tags attached to bundles, lifts, or boxes.
18.1.2 Forgings shall be legibly die stamped with the manufacturer’s symbol or name, material specification designation, grade
or type, and heat identification. When die stamping is not permitted by the purchaser, electric pencil or electro-etching shall be
used.
18.2 Government Procurement:
18.2.1 When specified in the contract or order, and for direct procurement by or direct shipment to the government, marking for
shipment, in addition to any requirements specified in the contract or order, shall be in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil
agencies.
18.2.2 For government procurement by the Defense Supply Agency, bars and shapes shall be marked continuously for
identification in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 183.
19. Packaging and Package Marking
19.1 Unless otherwise specified, the bars and shapes shall be packaged and loaded in accordance with Practices A700.
20. Keywords
20.1 general delivery requirements; stainless steel bars; stainless steel billets; stainless steel forgings; stainless steel shapes
A484/A484M − 24
TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances
NOTE 1—This table specifies tolerances over the maximum limits or under the minimum limits of the chemical requirements of the applicable material
specification (see 1.1); it does not apply to heat analysis.
Tolerances over the Tolerances over the
Upper Limit or Maxi-
Upper Limit of Maximum Maximum (Upper Limit) Maximum (Upper Limit)
Element Element mum of Specified
of Specified Range, % or Under the Minimum or Under the Minimum
Range, %
(Lower Limit) (Lower Limit)
Carbon to 0.010, incl 0.002 Cobalt over 0.05 to 0.50, incl 0.01
over 0.010 to 0.030, incl 0.005 over 0.50 to 2.00, incl 0.02
over 0.030 to 0.20, incl 0.01 over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.05
over 0.20 to 0.60, incl 0.02 over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10
over 0.60 to 1.20, incl 0.03 over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15
over 15.00 to 22.00, incl 0.20
Manganese to 1.00, incl 0.03 over 22.00 to 30.00, incl 0.25
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.04
A
over 3.00 to 6.00, incl 0.05 Columbium + Tantalum to 1.50, incl 0.05
over 6.00 to 10.00, incl 0.06 over 1.50 to 5.00, incl 0.10
over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.10 over 5.00 0.15
over 15.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15
Tantalum to 0.10, incl 0.02
Phosphorus to 0.040, incl 0.005
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010 Copper to 0.50, incl 0.03
over 0.50 to 1.00, incl 0.05
Sulfur to 0.040, incl 0.005 over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010 over 3.00 to 5.00, incl 0.15
over 0.20 to 0.50, incl 0.020 over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.20
Silicon to 1.00, incl 0.05 Aluminum to 0.15, incl −0.005, +0.01
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10 over 0.15 to 0.50, incl 0.05
over 3.00 to 7.00 incl 0.15 over 0.50 to 2.00, incl 0.10
over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.20
Chromium over 4.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10 over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.35
over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15
over 15.00 to 20.00, incl 0.20 Nitrogen to 0.02, incl 0.005
over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.25 over 0.02 to 0.19, incl 0.01
over 0.19 to 0.25, incl 0.02
Nickel to 1.00, incl 0.03 over 0.25 to 0.35, incl 0.03
over 1.00 to 5.00, incl 0.07 over 0.35 to 0.45, incl 0.04
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10 over 0.45 0.05
over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15
over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.20 Tungsten to 1.00, incl 0.03
over 30.00 to 40.00, incl 0.25 over 1.00 to 2.00, incl 0.05
over 40.00 0.30 over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.07
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10
Molybdenum over 0.20 to 0.60, incl 0.03 over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15
over 0.60 to 2.00, incl 0.05
over 2.00 to 7.00, incl 0.10 Vanadium to 0.50, incl 0.03
over 7.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15 over 0.50 to 1.50, incl 0.05
over 15.00 to 30.00, incl 0.20
Selenium all 0.03
Titanium to 1.00, incl 0.05
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.07
over 3.00 0.10
A
Columbium (Cb) and niobium (Nb) are considered interchangeable names for element 41 in the periodic table and both names are acceptable for use.
A484/A484M − 24
TABLE 2 Annealing Requirements
B
Permitted Annealing
Cooling/Testing
A
Designation/Type Temperature
Requirements
Separate Process
Austenitic (Chromium-Nickel)
(Chromium-Nickel-Manganese)
C D
All austenitic grades except as listed below 1900 °F [1040 °C] x x
E D
All Cr-Ni-Mn grades, 1900 °F [1040 °C] x x
302, S30215, S30452, S30600, S30615, 308, S30815,
S30880, 309, 309S, 310, 310S, 314, 317, S31725,
S31726, S32615, S38100
E
309Cb, 310Cb, 316Cb, 316Ti, 321, 347, 348 1900 °F [1040 °C] x
E
304H, 309H, 310H, 316H 1900 °F [1040 °C] x
321H, 347H, 348H
E
Hot-worked 1925 °F [1050 °C] x
E
Cold-worked 2000 °F [1095 °C] x
E F
S31051 2010 °F [1100 °C] x x
E F
S31052 2050 °F [1120 °C] x x
E
S31254, S32050 2100 °F [1150 °C] x
E
S31727, S32053 1975 to 2155 °F [1080° to 1180 °C] x
E
S33228 2050 to 2140 °F [1120° to 1170 °C] x
E
S34565 2050 to 2140 °F [1120° to 1170 °C] x
E
S34752 1940 to 2140 °F [1060° to 1170 °C] x
E F
S35130 2010 °F [1100 °C] x x
E
S35315 2010 °F [1100 °C] x
E
N08367 2025 °F [1105 °C] x
E
N08700 2000 °F [1095 °C] x
E
N08020 1700 to 1850 °F [930 to 1010 °C] x
E
N08810 2050 °F [1120 °C] x
E
N08811 2100 °F [1150 °C] x
E
N08904 2000 °F [1095 °C] x
E
N08925, N08926 2010 to 2100 °F [1100 to 1150 °C] x
Austenitic-Ferritic
(Duplex)
E F
S32100 1900 °F [1040 °C] x x
E F
S31260 1870° to 2010 °F [1020° to 1100 °C] x x
E
S31266 2100 °F [1150 °C] x
E F
S31803 1900 °F [1040 °C] x x
E F
S32101 1870 °F [1020 °C] x x
E F
S32202 1800 to 1975 °F [980 to 1080 °C] x x
G F
S32205 1900 °F [1040 °C] x x
E F
S32304 1800 °F [980 °C] x x
E F
S32506 1870° to 2050 °F [1020° to 1120 °C] x x
E F
S32550 1900 °F [1040 °C] x x
E F
S32750 1880 °F [1025 °C] x x
E F
S32760 2010 °F [1100 °C] x x
E F
S32808 1925 to 2100 °F [1050 to 1150 °C] x x
E F
S32900 1750° ± 25 °F [955°± 15 °C] x x
E F
S32906 1830° to 2100 °F [1000° to 1150 °C] x x
E F
S32950 1850° ± 25 °F [1010°± 15 °C] x x
E F
S82441 1830 °F [1000 °C] x x
A
Minimum annealing temperature unless otherwise specified.
B
Permitted annealing procedure, see 7.2.2.
C
Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of carbides, as demonstrable by the capability of passing Practice E
of Practices A262. Performance of the test is not required unless specified in the purchase order.
D
Minimum temperature at which hot rollingworking is completed shall be 1850 °F [1010 °C].
E
Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means.
F
Minimum temperature at which hot rollingworking is completed shall be the minimum temperature for separate annealing.
G
Quenched in water.
A484/A484M − 24
A
TABLE 3 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-finished Round, Turned, and Square Bars
Permitted Variations from Specified Size,
B
Out-of-Round or
in. [mm]
Specified Size, in. [mm]
C
Out-of-Square, in. [mm]
Over Under
D
5 7
⁄16 to ⁄16 [8.00 to 11.00], incl 0.006 [0.15] 0.006 [0.15] 0.009 [0.23]
D
7 5
Over ⁄16 to ⁄8 [11.00 to 15.50], incl 0.007 [0.18] 0.007 [0.18] 0.010 [0.26]
5 7
Over ⁄8 to ⁄8 [15.50 to 22.00], incl 0.008 [0.20] 0.008 [0.20] 0.012 [0.30]
Over ⁄8 to 1 [22.00 to 25.00], incl 0.009 [0.23] 0.009 [0.23] 0.013 [0.34]
Over 1 to 1 ⁄8 [25.00 to 28.00], incl 0.010 [0.25] 0.010 [0.25] 0.015 [0.38]
1 1
Over 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 [28.00 to 31.50], incl 0.011 [0.28] 0.011 [0.28] 0.016 [0.42]
1 3
Over 1 ⁄4 to 1 ⁄8 [31.50 to 34.50], incl 0.012 [0.30] 0.012 [0.30] 0.018 [0.46]
3 1
Over 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄2 [34.50 to 38.00], incl 0.014 [0.35] 0.014 [0.35] 0.021 [0.53]
1 1 1
Over 1 ⁄2 to 2 [38.00 to 50.00], incl ⁄64 [0.40] ⁄64 [0.40] 0.023 [0.60]
1 1
Over 2 to 2 ⁄2 [50.00 to 63.00], incl ⁄32 [0.80] 0 0.023 [0
...