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ASTM D6923-10a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring, and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oil's deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size, or where a sole source supplier is specified.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. Being an engine test method, this test method does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2010
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6923-10 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D6923-13 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010

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ASTM D6923-10a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test ProcedureASTM D6923-10a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
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ASTM D6923-10a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
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REDLINE ASTM D6923-10a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test ProcedureREDLINE ASTM D6923-10a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
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REDLINE ASTM D6923-10a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
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64 pages
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6923 − 10a
StandardTest Method for
Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder
1
Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the test procedure described
2
in this test method. The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides calibration oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratory
will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
otherlaboratories.Furthermore,variousagenciesrequirethatalaboratoryutilizetheTMCservicesin
seekingqualificationofoilsagainstspecifications.Forexample,theU.S.Armyhassucharequirement
in some of its engine oil specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for those laboratories
that use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore those
portionsofthetestmethodthatrefertotheTMC.InformationLettersissuedperiodicallybytheTMC
3
may modify this test method. In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to
the test method.
1. Scope 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the oil’s deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. Being an engine
oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a
4
test method, this test method does have definite hazards that
standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.
require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Scope 1
standard.
Referenced Documents 2
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent
Terminology 3
such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
tubing size, or where a sole source supplier is specified.
Apparatus and Installation 6
Intake Air System 6.2.1
Exhaust System 6.2.2
Fuel System 6.2.3
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Oil Consumption System 6.2.4
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
Engine Oil System 6.2.5
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Engine Coolant System 6.2.6
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D6923–09. DOI:
Reagents and Materials 7
10.1520/D6923-10A.
Oil Samples 8
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA
Preparation of Apparatus 9
15206-4489. General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1
3
Until the next revision of this test method, theASTM Test Monitoring Center Complete Engine Inspection 9.2
Copper Component 9.3
(TMC) will update changes in the test method by means of information letters.
Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4
Information letters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555
Engine Piston Cooling Jet 9.5
Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition
Engine Measurements and Inspections 9.6
incorporates revisions in all information Letters through No. 10–1.
4 Cylinder Head 9.7
Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine SystemTechnology Development, P.O.
Valve Guide Bushings 9.8
Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6923 − 10a
2. Referenced Documents
Fuel Injector 9.9
Piston and Rings 9.10
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Cylinder Liner 9.11
Compression Ratio 9.12 D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Engine Timing 9.13
Atmospheric Pressure
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure 9.14
D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Calibration and Standardization 10
Test Cell Instrumentation 10.1
Closed Cup Tester
Instrumentation Standards 10.2
D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Coolant Flow 10.3
D130Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6923–10 Designation: D6923 – 10a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder
1
Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the test procedure described
2
in this test method. The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides calibration oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratory
will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
otherlaboratories.Furthermore,variousagenciesrequirethatalaboratoryutilizetheTMCservicesin
seekingqualificationofoilsagainstspecifications.Forexample,theU.S.Armyhassucharequirement
in some of its engine oil specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for those laboratories
that use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore those
portionsofthetestmethodthatrefertotheTMC.InformationLettersissuedperiodicallybytheTMC
3
may modify this test method. In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to
the test method.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversstressinganengineoilundermodernhigh-speeddieseloperatingconditionsandmeasurestheoil’s
deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized
4
high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—WherethereisnodirectSIequivalentsuchasscrewthreads,nationalpipethreads/diameters,andtubingsize,
or where a sole source supplier is specified.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.Beinganenginetestmethod,thistestmethoddoeshavedefinitehazardsthatrequiresafepractices(see
Appendix X2 on Safety).
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus and Installation 6
Intake Air System 6.2.1
Exhaust System 6.2.2
Fuel System 6.2.3
Oil Consumption System 6.2.4
Engine Oil System 6.2.5
Engine Coolant System 6.2.6
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 on
Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved MayOct. 1, 2010. PublishedAugustNovember 2010. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D6923–09. DOI:
10.1520/D6923-10A.
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.
3
Untilthenextrevisionofthistestmethod,theASTMTestMonitoringCenter(TMC)willupdatechangesinthetestmethodbymeansofinformationletters.Information
letters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.Attention:Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions
in all information Letters through No. 09–1.10–1.
4
Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O. Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6923 – 10a
Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7
Reagents and Materials 7
Oil Samples 8
Preparation of Apparatus 9
General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1
Complete Engine Inspection 9.2
Copper Component 9.3
Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4
Engine Piston Cooling Jet 9.5
Engine Measurements and Inspections 9.6
Cylinder Head 9.7
Valve Guide Bushings 9.8
Fuel Injector 9.9
Piston and Rings 9.10
Cylinder Liner 9.11
Compression Ratio 9.12
Engine Timing 9.13
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure 9.14
Calibration and Standardization 10
Test Cell Instrumentation 10.1
Instrumentation Standards 10.2
Coolant Flow 10.3
Fuel Injectors 10.4
Air Flow 10.5
Intake Air Barrel 10
...

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5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear properties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures. This test method has found application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating greases used in roller bearings. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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