ASTM F660-83(2019)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Comparing Particle Size in the Use of Alternative Types of Particle Counters
Standard Practice for Comparing Particle Size in the Use of Alternative Types of Particle Counters
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice supports test methods designed to evaluate the performance of fluid-filter media, for example, Practice F796 wherein particle size distributions are addressed and at the same time this practice provides a means to compare size measurements obtained from several different types of instruments.
4.2 The factor for converting one kind of diameter scale to another is only valid for the specific test particles studied.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a procedure for comparing the sizes of nonspherical particles in a test sample determined with different types of automatic particle counters, which operate on different measuring principles.
1.2 A scale factor is obtained by which, in the examination of a given powder, the size scale of one instrument may be multiplied to agree with the size scale of another.
1.3 The practice considers rigid particles, free of fibers, of the kind used in studies of filtration, such as: commercially available test standards of quartz or alumina, or fly ash, or some powdered chemical reagent, such as iron oxide or calcium sulfate.
1.4 Three kinds of automatic particle counters are considered:
1.4.1 Image analyzers, which view stationary particles under the microscope and, in this practice, measure the longest end-to-end distance of an individual particle.
1.4.2 Optical counters, which measure the area of a shadow cast by a particle as it passes by a window; and
1.4.3 Electrical resistance counters, which measure the volume of a particle as it passes through an orifice in an electrically conductive liquid.
1.5 This practice also considers the use of instruments that provide sedimentation analyses, which is to say provide measures of the particle mass distribution as a function of Stokes diameter. The practice provides a way to convert mass distribution into number distribution so that the meaning of Stokes diameter can be related to the diameter measured by the instruments in 1.4.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F660 − 83 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Comparing Particle Size in the Use of Alternative Types of
Particle Counters
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF660;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice provides a procedure for comparing the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sizes of nonspherical particles in a test sample determined with
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
different types of automatic particle counters, which operate on
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
different measuring principles.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 A scale factor is obtained by which, in the examination
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of a given powder, the size scale of one instrument may be
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
multiplied to agree with the size scale of another.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3 The practice considers rigid particles, free of fibers, of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the kind used in studies of filtration, such as: commercially
available test standards of quartz or alumina, or fly ash, or
some powdered chemical reagent, such as iron oxide or 2. Referenced Documents
calcium sulfate. 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 Three kinds of automatic particle counters are consid- F661 Practice for Particle Count and Size Distribution Mea-
ered: surement in Batch Samples for Filter Evaluation Using an
Optical Particle Counter (Withdrawn 2000)
1.4.1 Image analyzers, which view stationary particles un-
F662 Test Method for Measurement of Particle Count and
der the microscope and, in this practice, measure the longest
Size Distribution in Batch Samples for Filter Evaluation
end-to-end distance of an individual particle.
Using an Electrical Resistance Particle Counter (With-
1.4.2 Optical counters, which measure the area of a shadow
drawn 2002)
cast by a particle as it passes by a window; and
F796 Practice for Determining The Performance of a Filter
1.4.3 Electrical resistance counters, which measure the vol-
Medium Employing a Single-Pass, Constant-Pressure,
ume of a particle as it passes through an orifice in an
Liquid Test (Withdrawn 2002)
electrically conductive liquid.
1.5 This practice also considers the use of instruments that
3. Summary of Practice
provide sedimentation analyses, which is to say provide
measures of the particle mass distribution as a function of 3.1 After calibrating an automatic particle counter with
standard spherical particles, such as latex beads, the instrument
Stokes diameter. The practice provides a way to convert mass
distribution into number distribution so that the meaning of is presented with a known weight of filtration-test particles
from which is obtained the data: cumulative number of
Stokes diameter can be related to the diameter measured by the
particles,∑N, as a function of particle diameter, d; and a plot
instruments in 1.4.
of these data is made on log-log paper.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3.2 The plot from the results of one kind of instrument is
standard. placed over the plot from another and one plot is moved along
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Open-Channel Flow. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F660 – 83 (2013). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/F0660-83R19. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F660 − 83 (2019)
the particle-diameter axis until the two separate curves coin-
cide. (If the two separate curves cannot be made to coincide,
then this practice cannot be used.)
3.3 The magnitude of the shift from one diameter scale to
the other provides the scale-conversion factor.
3.4 Any of the three particle counters in 1.4 can provide the
frame-of-reference measurement of particle diameter.
3.5 An alternative reference is the Stokes diameter, as
mentioned in 1.5.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice supports test methods designed to evaluate
the performance of fluid-filter media, for example, Practice
F796 wherein particle size distributions are addressed and at
the same time this practice provides a means to compare size
measurements obtained from several different types of instru-
ments.
4.2 The factor for converting one kind of diameter scale to
another is only valid for the specific test particles studied.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Automatic Particle Counters:
5.1.1 Any, or all, of the three types are employed:
where:
5.1.1.1 The Image Analyzer—This instrument counts par- ^N = cumulative number of particles per unit mass of powder, and
d = particle diameter, µm (see 5.1).
ticlesbysizeasthoseparticleslieonamicroscopeslide.Inthis
practice, size means the longest end-to-end distance. This
The solid line represents the “real” count. The broken lines represent failures to
diameter, in the examples to follow, is designated d . obtain correct counts because of either presenting too many particles to the
e
counter, a, or of presenting too few, b.
5.1.1.2 The Optical Counter—This instrument measures the
FIG. 1 Example of Particle Counts
area of a shadow cast by a particle as it passes a window. From
thatareatheinstrumentreportsthediameterofacircleofequal
area. This diameter is designated d . See Practice F661. 6.5 From these plots select the true number distribution;
o
5.1.1.3 The Electrical Resistance Counter—This instrument show it as a solid line as shown in Fig. 1.
measures the volume of an individual particle. From that
NOTE 1—It is important to deduce the optimum raw count to look for
volumetheinstrumentreportsthediameterofasphereofequal
during the examination of a liquid where the mass concentration of
volume.This diameter is designatedd . SeeTest Method F662.
particles is not known. The manufacturers of each counter specify the
v
maximum count per unit volume of liquid that is meaningful. If the count
5.2 Sedimentation Instruments—These instruments provide
exceeds this maximum limit, dilute the sample with clean liquid. (Clean
a measure of the mass distribution of parti
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