Standard Test Method for Low Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The permissible level of heavy metals in certain coatings is specified by governmental regulatory agencies. This test method provides a fully documented procedure for determining low concentrations of lead, cadmium, and cobalt present in both water and solvent-reducible coatings to determine compliance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead contents between 0.01 and 5 %, cadmium contents between 50 and 150 ppm (mg/kg), and cobalt contents between 50 and 2000 ppm (mg/kg) present in the nonvolatile portion of liquid coatings or contained in dried films. There is no reason to believe that higher levels of all three elements could not be determined by this test method, provided that appropriate dilutions and adjustments in specimen size and reagent quantities are made.
1.2 Only pigmented coatings were used for evaluating this test method, but there is no reason to believe that varnishes and lacquers could not be analyzed successfully, provided that appropriate precautions are taken.
1.3 This test method is not applicable to the determination of lead in samples containing antimony pigments (low recoveries are obtained).  
1.4 If lead is present in the sample to be analyzed in the form of an organic lead compound at a concentration greater than 0.1 %, small losses of lead may occur, resulting in slightly poorer precision than shown in Section 12.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

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ASTM D3335-85a(2009) - Standard Test Method for Low Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3335 − 85a (Reapproved2009)
Standard Test Method for
Low Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint
1
by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3335; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2 bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead
statements are given in Section 7.
contents between 0.01 and 5 %, cadmium contents between 50
and 150 ppm (mg/kg), and cobalt contents between 50 and
2. Referenced Documents
2000 ppm (mg/kg) present in the nonvolatile portion of liquid
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
coatings or contained in dried films. There is no reason to
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
believe that higher levels of all three elements could not be
D2832 GuideforDeterminingVolatileandNonvolatileCon-
determined by this test method, provided that appropriate
tent of Paint and Related Coatings
dilutions and adjustments in specimen size and reagent quan-
tities are made.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.2 Only pigmented coatings were used for evaluating this
3.1 The specimen of liquid coating or dried film is prepared
test method, but there is no reason to believe that varnishes and
for analysis by dry ashing. The content of lead, cadmium, or
lacquers could not be analyzed successfully, provided that
cobalt of an acid extract of the ash is determined by atomic
appropriate precautions are taken.
absorption spectroscopy.
1.3 This test method is not applicable to the determination
4. Significance and Use
of lead in samples containing antimony pigments (low recov-
4.1 The permissible level of heavy metals in certain coat-
eries are obtained).
ingsisspecifiedbygovernmentalregulatoryagencies.Thistest
1.4 If lead is present in the sample to be analyzed in the
methodprovidesafullydocumentedprocedurefordetermining
form of an organic lead compound at a concentration greater
low concentrations of lead, cadmium, and cobalt present in
than 0.1 %, small losses of lead may occur, resulting in slightly
both water and solvent-reducible coatings to determine com-
poorer precision than shown in Section 12.
pliance.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5. Apparatus
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer , consisting of an
only.
atomizer and either a single- or three-slot burner; gas pressure
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
regulating and metering devices for air and acetylene; lead,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4
cadmium, and cobalt source lamps with a regulated constant-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
current supply; a monochromator and associated optics; a
photosensitive detector connected to an electronic amplifier;
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and a readout device.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
3
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D3335 – 85a (2005). contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
DOI: 10.1520/D3335-85AR09. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
Vandeberg, J. T., Swafford, H. D., and Scott, R. W., “Determination of Low the ASTM website.
4
Concentrations of Lead in Paint,” Journal of Paint Technology, Vol 47, No. 604, Both hollow cathode lamps and electrodeless discharge lamps have been found
May 1975. satisfactory for this purpose.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3335 − 85a (2009)
5.2 Muffle Furnace, capable of maintaining 500 6 10°C. 6.7 Lead Standard Stock Solution (1 mg/mL)—Dissolve
1.5980 g of lead nitrate (Pb(NO ) ) in 10 mLof water, add 10
3 2
5.3 Crucibles, wide-form, porcelain, glazed inside and out-
mL of HNO (sp gr 1.42), and dilute to 1 L.
3
side except for the outside bottom surface, approximately
5
30-mL capacity, 50-mm rim diameter and 31-mm height.
NOTE 1—10.00 mg/mL concentrations of ca
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3335–85a(Reapproved2005) Designation:D3335–85a(Reapproved2009)
Standard Test Method for
Low Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint
1
by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3335; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead contents between 0.01 and 5 %, cadmium contents between 50 and 150
ppm (mg/kg), and cobalt contents between 50 and 2000 ppm (mg/kg) present in the nonvolatile portion of liquid coatings or
contained in dried films. There is no reason to believe that higher levels of all three elements could not be determined by this test
method, provided that appropriate dilutions and adjustments in specimen size and reagent quantities are made.
1.2 Only pigmented coatings were used for evaluating this test method, but there is no reason to believe that varnishes and
lacquers could not be analyzed successfully, provided that appropriate precautions are taken.
1.3 This test method is not applicable to the determination of lead in samples containing antimony pigments (low recoveries
are obtained).
1.4 Ifleadispresentinthesampletobeanalyzedintheformofanorganicleadcompoundataconcentrationgreaterthan0.1 %,
small losses of lead may occur, resulting in slightly poorer precision than shown in Section 12.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 2832 Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Paint and Related Coatings
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The specimen of liquid coating or dried film is prepared for analysis by dry ashing.The content of lead, cadmium, or cobalt
of an acid extract of the ash is determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The permissible level of heavy metals in certain coatings is specified by governmental regulatory agencies.This test method
provides a fully documented procedure for determining low concentrations of lead, cadmium, and cobalt present in both water and
solvent-reducible coatings to determine compliance.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer , consisting of an atomizer and either a single- or three-slot burner; gas pressure
4
regulating and metering devices for air and acetylene; lead, cadmium, and cobalt source lamps with a regulated constant-current
supply; a monochromator and associated optics; a photosensitive detector connected to an electronic amplifier; and a readout
device.
5.2 Muffle Furnace, capable of maintaining 500 6 10°C.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials .
Current edition approved Jan.June 1, 2005.2009. Published February 2005.June 2009. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 19992005 as
D3335–85a(1999). D 3335 – 85a (2005).
2
Vandeberg, J.T., Swafford, H. D., and Scott, R.W., “Determination of Low Concentrations of Lead in Paint,” Journal of Paint Technology,Vol 47, No. 604, May 1975.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Both hollow cathode lamps and electrodeless discharge lamps have been found satisfactory for this purpose.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3335–85a (2009)
5.3 Crucibles, wide-form, porcelain, glazed inside and outside exc
...

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