ASTM D4834-03(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Detection of Lead in Paint by Direct Aspiration Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Standard Test Method for Detection of Lead in Paint by Direct Aspiration Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Current U.S. regulations restrict the amount of lead that may be present in consumer paint products to less than 0.06 % based on the total solids. This test method provides a rapid means for screening paints to determine compliance with those regulations. The test method may be adjusted to meet regulations with a different limit on lead content.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended as a screening test to determine if the solids in a paint contain more than 0.06 % lead. The test described can differentiate between 0.05 and 0.06 %. Paints giving a result greater than 0.05 % should be analyzed quantitatively for lead using Test Method D3335. This test method provides a more definitive and reliable screening test than Test Method D3618.
1.2 There is no reason to believe that higher levels of lead could not be determined by this test method provided that appropriate dilutions and adjustments in specimen size and reagent quantities are made.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4834 − 03 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Detection of Lead in Paint by Direct Aspiration Atomic
Absorption Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4834; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2832 GuideforDeterminingVolatileandNonvolatileCon-
tent of Paint and Related Coatings
1.1 This test method is intended as a screening test to
D3335 Test Method for Low Concentrations of Lead,
determine if the solids in a paint contain more than 0.06 %
Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic Absorption
lead. The test described can differentiate between 0.05 and
Spectroscopy
0.06 %. Paints giving a result greater than 0.05 % should be
D3618 TestMethodforDetectionofLeadinPaintandDried
analyzed quantitatively for lead using Test Method D3335.
Paint Films
This test method provides a more definitive and reliable
screening test than Test Method D3618.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.2 There is no reason to believe that higher levels of lead
3.1 A weighed quantity of the paint sample is diluted
could not be determined by this test method provided that
(solvent-reducible paints in methyl isobutyl ketone and water-
appropriate dilutions and adjustments in specimen size and
reducible paints in water) and then aspirated into the burner of
reagent quantities are made.
an atomic absorption spectrometer. Lead content of the paint is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as determined from a calibration plot of absorbance versus
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this concentration, prepared from standard coatings containing
standard. known amounts of lead.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Current U.S. regulations restrict the amount of lead that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
may be present in consumer paint products to less than 0.06 %
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
based on the total solids. This test method provides a rapid
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
means for screening paints to determine compliance with those
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
regulations. The test method may be adjusted to meet regula-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tions with a different limit on lead content.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Apparatus
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, consisting of an
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
atomizerandeitherasingle-orathree-slotburner,gaspressure
2. Referenced Documents
regulating and metering devices for air and acetylene, lead
source lamp with a regulated constant-current supply, a mono-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
chromator and associated optics, a photosensitive detector
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
connected to an electronic amplifier, and a readout device.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint 5.2 Volumetric Flasks, 50 mL.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
6. Reagent and Materials
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021. Published February 2021. Originally
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4834 – 03 (2014).
DOI: 10.1520/D4834-03R21.
used in all tests unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall conform to the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. American Chemical Society, where such specifications are
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4834 − 03 (2021)
available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first A 5 B 3 D 3 E (1)
~ !
ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to
where:
permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-
A = lead present, µg,
nation.
B = lead in standard paint based on nonvolatile content (see
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
6.4), µg/g,
towatershallbeunderstoodtomeanreagentwaterconforming
D = weight of standard paint, g, and
to Type II of Specification D1193.
E = nonvolatile portion of standard paint, %.
6.3 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK), technical grade.
8. Procedure
6.4 Standard Paints—Prepare at least 3 standard paints by
8.1 Mixthepainttobetesteduntilhomogeneous,preferably
addingaccuratelyweighedquantitiesofananalyticallyassayed
on a mechanical shaker. Determine the nonvolatile content in
compatible lead compound to a solvent-reducible or water-
accordance with the appropriate test method selected by
reducible paint that has been analyzed by Test Method D3335
consulting Guide D2832.
and shown to contain less than 10 ppm of lead. Determine the
8.2 Prepare at least two replicate specimens by weighing by
nonvolatile content of the base paint and choose quantities of
difference from a weighing bottle or disposable syringe to 0.1
the lead compound so that the lead concentrations of the
mg, 0.5 6 0.02-g quantities of the paint being tested, into 10
standard paints will be approximately 300, 600, and 900 µg/g
mL volumetric flasks. Dilute to the mark with MIBK, if the
based on the nonvolatile content.
paintissolventreducible,orwithwater,
...
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