ASTM D8-17b

Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements

SCOPE
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with road and paving materials. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials.  
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Terminology D8.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-2017
• ICS: 01.040.93 - Civil engineering (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 93.080.10 - Road construction
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.91 - Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D8-17a - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Replaced By: ASTM D8-17c - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D3549/D3549M-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Thickness or Height of Compacted Asphalt Mixture Specimens
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D6752/D6752M-18 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D5106-22 - Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Asphalt Paving Mixtures
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D6704-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Workability of Asphalt Cold Mix Patching Material
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D3839-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Underground Installation of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D8225-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Cracking Tolerance Index of Asphalt Mixture Using the Indirect Tensile Cracking Test at Intermediate Temperature
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D75/D75M-19 - Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D2041/D2041M-19 - Standard Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D3625/D3625M-20 - Standard Practice for Effect of Water on Asphalt-Coated Aggregate Using Boiling Water
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D546-17 - Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler for Asphalt Paving Mixtures
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D242/D242M-19 - Standard Specification for Mineral Filler for Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D1073-16(2022) - Standard Specification for Fine Aggregate for Asphalt Paving Mixtures
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D7115-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) Internal Angle of Gyration Using Simulated Loading
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8 − 17b
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
aggregate, n—a granular material used as a construction
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic
material, meeting the requirements of road and paving
definitions of terms specifically associated with road and
applications.
paving materials. These generic terms and definitions are used
DISCUSSION—Examples of aggregate include sand, gravel, shell, slag,
within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road
and crushed stone. See coarse aggregate and fine aggregate for more
and Paving Materials.
information.
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under
air voids (Pa), n—the volume of air between the asphalt-
the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Termi-
coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphalt
nology D8.
mix, expressed as a percent of the total volume of the
sample.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
DISCUSSION—A variable previously used for this term was Va.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative
charges on the discontinuous phase.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
API gravity, n—a function of specific gravity represented by
the equation in Test Method D3142/D3142M.
2. Referenced Documents
DISCUSSION—A specific gravity scale developed by the American
Petroleum Institute (API) used to compare how heavy or light a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
petroleum liquid is compared to water.
D2026/D2026M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum
Curing Type)
obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
D2027/D2027M Specification for Cutback Asphalt
DISCUSSION—The distillation processes may involve one or more of
(Medium-Curing Type)
the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam
D2028/D2028M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-
distillation. Further processing of distillation residuum may be needed
Curing Type)
to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-
cial applications. These additional processes can involve air oxidation,
D3142/D3142M Test Method for Specific Gravity, API
solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-
Gravity, or Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer
istics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
Method
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an
Fractions asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
DISCUSSION—this term is often used in the Performance Graded
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
Binder system.
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified RecyclingAgents
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggre-
Current edition approved June 15, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally
gates. The mixture may also include other materials.
approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8 – 17a. DOI:
10.1520/D0008-17B.
asphalt pavement, n—a structure consisting of one or more
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
prepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more supporting
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
layers of unbound, modified, or treated subgrade, subbase or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. base materials.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8 − 17b
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire coarse aggregate, n—(1) aggregate predominantly retained on
rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve: or (2) the portion of aggregate
is at least
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8 − 17a D8 − 17b
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with road and paving
materials. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road and Paving
Materials.
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Terminology
D8.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2026/D2026M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-Curing Type)
D2027/D2027M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)
D2028/D2028M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)
D3142/D3142M Test Method for Specific Gravity, API Gravity, or Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer Method
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four Fractions
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified Recycling Agents
3. Terminology
aggregate, n—a granular material used as a construction material, meeting the requirements of road and paving applications.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017June 15, 2017. Published May 2017June 2017. Originally approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8 – 17.17a.
DOI: 10.1520/D0008-17A.10.1520/D0008-17B.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
DISCUSSION—
Examples of aggregate include sand, gravel, shell, slag, and crushed stone. See coarse aggregate and fine aggregate for more information.
air voids (Va),(Pa), n—the volume of air between the asphalt-coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphalt mix,
expressed as a percent of the total volume of the sample.
DISCUSSION—
A variable previously used for this term was Va.
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative charges
on the discontinuous phase.
API gravity, n—a function of specific gravity represented by the equation in Test Method D3142/D3142M.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8 − 17b
DISCUSSION—
A specific gravity scale developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) used to compare how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to
water.
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
DISCUSSION—
The distillation processes may involve one or more of the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam distillation. Further processing
of distillation residuum may be needed to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commercial applications. These additional
processes can involve air oxidation, solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness characteristics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
DISCUSSION—
this term is often used in the Performance Graded Binder system.
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggregates. The mixture
may also include other materials.
asphalt pavement,,pavement, n—a structure consisting of one or more prepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more s
...