ASTM D8-17a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
SCOPE
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with road and paving materials. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials.
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Terminology D8.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D8 − 17a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
DISCUSSION—Examples of aggregate include sand, gravel, shell, slag,
1. Scope
and crushed stone. See coarse aggregate and fine aggregate for more
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic
information.
definitions of terms specifically associated with road and
paving materials. These generic terms and definitions are used air voids (Va), n—the volume of air between the asphalt-
coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphalt
within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials. mix, expressed as a percent of the total volume of the
sample.
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under
the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Termi-
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular
nology D8.
emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- charges on the discontinuous phase.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
DISCUSSION—The distillation processes may involve one or more of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
distillation. Further processing of distillation residuum may be needed
to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-
2. Referenced Documents
cial applications. These additional processes can involve air oxidation,
2
solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
istics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
D2026/D2026M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-
Curing Type)
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an
D2027/D2027M Specification for Cutback Asphalt
asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
(Medium-Curing Type)
DISCUSSION—this term is often used in the Performance Graded
D2028/D2028M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-
Binder system.
Curing Type)
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four
Fractions
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified RecyclingAgents
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt
binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggre-
3. Terminology
gates. The mixture may also include other materials.
aggregate, n—a granular material used as a construction
asphalt pavement,, n—a structure consisting of one or more
material, meeting the requirements of road and paving
prepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more supporting
applications.
layers of unbound, modified, or treated subgrade, subbase or
base materials.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component
Terminology.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally
is at least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has reacted
approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8 – 17. DOI:
in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the
10.1520/D0008-17A.
rubber particles.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
asphaltenes, n—insoluble materials that are precipitated by
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. use of selected solvents, such as n-heptane.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D8 − 17a
DISCUSSION—The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the should be stated in the specification. Some specifying agencies use
solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used. alternative sieve sizes to define coarse aggregate, such as the No. 8 and
3
⁄8 in.
bank gravel, n—gravel found in natural deposits, usually more
coke-ov
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8 − 17 D8 − 17a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with road and paving
materials. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road and Paving
Materials.
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Terminology
D8.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2026/D2026M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-Curing Type)
D2027/D2027M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)
D2028/D2028M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four Fractions
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified Recycling Agents
3. Terminology
aggregate, n—a granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell, slag, or crushed stone, used with a cementing
medium to form mortars or concrete, or alone as in base courses, railroad ballasts, etc.used as a construction material, meeting
the requirements of road and paving applications.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved March 1, 2017May 1, 2017. Published March 2017May 2017. Originally approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as D8
– 16b.17. DOI: 10.1520/D0008-17.10.1520/D0008-17A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
DISCUSSION—
Examples of aggregate include sand, gravel, shell, slag, and crushed stone. See coarse aggregate and fine aggregate for more information.
air voids (Va), n—the volume of air between the asphalt-coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphalt mix, expressed
as a percent of the total volume of the sample.
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative charges
on the discontinuous phase.
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
DISCUSSION—
The distillation processes may involve one or more of the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam distillation. Further processing
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8 − 17a
of distillation residuum may be needed to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commercial applications. These additional
processes can involve air oxidation, solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness characteristics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
DISCUSSION—
this term is often used in the Performance Graded Binder system.
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggregates. The mixture
may also include other materials.
asphalt pavement,, n—a structure consisting of one or more prepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more supporting layers
of unbound, modified, or treated subgrade, subbase or base materials.
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component is at
least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has rea
...
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