ASTM D2983-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer<rangeref></rangeref >
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.
5.2 This test method describes how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques using extrapolation of experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
Note 1: Low temperature viscosity values obtained by either interpolation or extrapolation of oils may be subject to errors caused by gelation and other forms of non-Newtonian response to spindle speed and torque.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of Brookfield viscometers of appropriate torque for the determination of the low-shear-rate viscosity of lubricants. The test may be applied over the viscosity range of 500 mPa·s to 900 000 mPa·s within a low temperature range appropriate to the capacity of the viscometer head.3
1.2 This test method contains three procedures: Procedure A is used when only an air bath is used to cool samples in preparation for viscosity measurement. Procedure B is used when a mechanically refrigerated programmable liquid bath is used to cool samples in preparation for viscosity measurement. Procedure C is used when a mechanically refrigerated constant temperature liquid bath is used to cool samples in preparation for viscosity measurement.
1.3 The range of viscosity used to generate the precision data for this test method was from 300 mPa·s to 170 000 mPa·s at test temperatures from –12 °C to –40 °C. The ILS also included viscosities beyond 500 000 mPa·s and temperatures down to –55 °C and are included in Appendix X5. Appendix X4 lists another interlaboratory study that specifically targeted hydraulic fluid ranging from 500 mPa·s to 1700 mPa·s.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second (mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s).
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2983 −15
Standard Test Method for
Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by
1,2
Brookfield Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2983; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
1.1 This test method covers the use of Brookfield viscom-
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
eters of appropriate torque for the determination of the low-
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
shear-rate viscosity of lubricants.The test may be applied over
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
theviscosityrangeof500mPa·sto900000mPa·swithinalow
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
temperaturerangeappropriatetothecapacityoftheviscometer
3 tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
head.
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
1.2 Thistestmethodcontainsthreeprocedures:ProcedureA
may be prohibited by law.
is used when only an air bath is used to cool samples in
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
preparation for viscosity measurement. Procedure B is used
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
when a mechanically refrigerated programmable liquid bath is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
usedtocoolsamplesinpreparationforviscositymeasurement.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ProcedureCisusedwhenamechanicallyrefrigeratedconstant
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperature liquid bath is used to cool samples in preparation
for viscosity measurement.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 The range of viscosity used to generate the precision
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dataforthistestmethodwasfrom300mPa·sto170000mPa·s
D341Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid
at test temperatures from –12°C to –40°C. The ILS also
included viscosities beyond 500000 mPa·s and temperatures Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
down to –55°C and are included in Appendix X5. Appendix
X4 lists another interlaboratory study that specifically targeted Products, and Lubricants
D5133Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate,
hydraulic fluid ranging from 500mPa·s to 1700mPa·s.
Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
standard.
E644Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-
1.4.1 The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second
mometers
(mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s).
E1137SpecificationforIndustrialPlatinumResistanceTher-
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
mometers
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
E2877Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
5
2.2 ISO Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
ISO 17025General Requirements for the Competence of
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2015. Published February 2016. Originally
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2983–09. DOI:
10.1520/D2983-15.
2 4
Brookfield viscometer and accessories are a trademark of Brookfield Engineer- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ing Laboratories, Inc., 11 Commerce Blvd., Middleboro, MA 02346, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
www.brookfieldengineering.com. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
Selby, T. W., “Automatic Transmission Fluid Viscosity at Low-Temperatures the ASTM website.
5
and Its Effect on Transmission Performance,” Transactions, Society ofAutomotive Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Engineers, Vol. 68, 1960, pp. 457-465. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2983 − 09 D2983 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by
1,2
Brookfield Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2983; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the use of Brookfield viscometers of appropriate torque for the determination of the low-shear-rate
viscosity of lubricants. The test is may be applied over the viscosity range of 500500 mPa·s to 900 000 mPa·s 900 000 mPa·s within
3
a low temperature range appropriate to the capacity of the viscometer head.
1.2 This test method contains three procedures: Procedure A is used when only an air bath is used to cool samples in preparation
for viscosity measurement. Procedure B is used when a mechanically refrigerated programmable liquid bath is used to cool samples
in preparation for viscosity measurement. Procedure C is used when a mechanically refrigerated constant temperature liquid bath
is used to cool samples in preparation for viscosity measurement.
1.3 The range of viscosity used to generate the precision data for this test method was from 1000 to 900 000 mPa·s. 300 mPa·s
to 170 000 mPa·s at test temperatures from –12 °C to –40 °C. The ILS also included viscosities beyond 500 000 mPa·s and
temperatures down to –55 °C and are included in Appendix X5. Appendix X4 lists another interlaboratory study that specifically
targeted hydraulic fluid ranging from 500500 mPa·s to 1700 mPa·s.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second (mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s).
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a
Temperature-Scanning Technique
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Thermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009Oct. 15, 2015. Published November 2009February 2016. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20042009
as D2983D2983 – 09.–04a. DOI: 10.1520/D2983-09.10.1520/D2983-15.
2
Brookfield viscometer and accessories are a trademark of Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc., 11 Commerce Blvd., Middleboro, MA 02346,
www.brookfieldengineering.com.
3
Selby, T. W., “Automatic Transmission Fluid Viscosity at Low-Temperatures and Its Effect on Transmission Performance,” Transactions, Society of Automotive
Engineers, Vol. 68, 1960, pp. 457-465.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
...
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