ASTM D6343-14(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Thin Thermally Conductive Solid Materials for Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Applications
Standard Test Methods for Thin Thermally Conductive Solid Materials for Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are useful to determine compliance of thermally conductive sheet electrical insulation with specification requirements established jointly by a producer and a user.
4.2 These test methods have been found useful for quality assessment. Results of the test methods can be useful in apparatus design.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is a compilation of test methods for evaluating properties of thermally conductive electrical insulation sheet materials to be used for dielectric applications.
1.2 Such materials are thin, compliant sheets, typically produced by mixing thermally conductive particulate fillers with organic or silicone binders. For added physical strength these materials are often reinforced with a woven or nonwoven fabric or a dielectric film.
1.3 These test methods apply to thermally conductive sheet material ranging from about 0.02 to 6-mm thickness.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
Note 1: There is no IEC publication or ISO standard equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also 18.1.2 and 19.1.2.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6343 − 14 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Methods for
Thin Thermally Conductive Solid Materials for Electrical
Insulation and Dielectric Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6343; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
at Commercial Power Frequencies
1.1 This standard is a compilation of test methods for
D150 Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
evaluating properties of thermally conductive electrical insu-
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
lation sheet materials to be used for dielectric applications.
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
1.2 Such materials are thin, compliant sheets, typically
Insulating Materials
produced by mixing thermally conductive particulate fillers
D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical
with organic or silicone binders. For added physical strength
Insulation (Metric) (Withdrawn 2016)
these materials are often reinforced with a woven or nonwoven
D412 Test Methods forVulcanized Rubber andThermoplas-
fabric or a dielectric film.
tic Elastomers—Tension
1.3 These test methods apply to thermally conductive sheet D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-
canized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
material ranging from about 0.02 to 6-mm thickness.
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
standard.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
NOTE 1—There is no IEC publication or ISO standard equivalent to this
D1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-
standard.
Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applica-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tions
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D1458 Test Methods for Fully Cured Silicone Rubber-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Coated Glass Fabric and Tapes for Electrical Insulation
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
See also 18.1.2 and 19.1.2.
ness
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
D5470 Test Method for Thermal Transmission Properties of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Thermally Conductive Electrical Insulation Materials
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Mate-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
rials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3. Terminology
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods and
associated with electrical and electronic insulating materials,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
use Terminology D1711.
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
3.1.2 For definitions of terms used in these test methods and
associated with plastics, use Terminology D883.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
3.2.1 apparent thermal conductivity, n—thetimerateofheat
Subcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products.
flow, under steady conditions, through unit area, per unit
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6343 – 14. DOI: temperature gradient in the direction perpendicular to the area,
10.1520/D6343-14R18.
for a nonhomogeneous material.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6343 − 14 (2018)
the buyer and seller to agree on other conditions of pressure, anvil and
3.2.1.1 See 16.1 for a discussion of the terms thermal
presser foot geometry, and the dwell time to be used.
conductivity and apparent thermal conductivity. To avoid
confusion, these test methods use apparent thermal conductiv- 8.3 Report—Report the thickness in millimetres as the
ity for measurements of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous average of the five measurements.
materials.
9. Adhesion Strength
4. Significance and Use
9.1 Significance and Use—Materials covered by this test
methodareoptionallycoatedwithapressuresensitiveadhesive
4.1 These test methods are useful to determine compliance
on one or both sides. In some cases performance in a particular
of thermally conductive sheet electrical insulation with speci-
application can be affected by the adhesion strength.
fication requirements established jointly by a producer and a
user.
9.2 Procedure—Test three specimens of 25-mm width in
accordance with Test Methods D1000, except clean the steel
4.2 These test methods have been found useful for quality
panel with isopropyl alcohol.
assessment. Results of the test methods can be useful in
apparatus design.
9.3 Calculation—From the three specimens, calculate the
average adhesion strength.
5. Specimen Preparation
9.4 Report—Report the average adhesion strength in new-
5.1 From a sample of sufficient size, prepare test specimens
tons per metre of width.
of the dimensions and of the quantity to meet the requirements
for each test procedure.
10. Breaking Strength
10.1 Significance and Use—In some cases, breaking
6. Conditioning
strength is a significant limitation on methods of applying
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition specimens in ac-
tapes.Hence,measurementsofthetensileforcetheyareableto
cordancewithProcedureAofPracticeD6054.Performalltests
withstand are potentially important data.
on specimens that are in equilibrium with the conditions of
10.2 Procedure:
Procedure A of Practice D6054. Make the tests in a chamber
10.2.1 Prepare three specimens at least 500 mm long and
maintained at 23 6 2°C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity.
25 mm wide. If the material contains reinforcing fibers, cut the
6.2 When required by a test procedure, condition specimens
testspecimensuchthatthemachinedirectionreinforcingfibers
in accordance with Procedure D of Practice D6054, except that
are parallel to the long axis of the specimen. In the case of
either distilled or deionized water are permitted to be used. In
materials narrower than 25 mm, test the full width as received.
such cases, remove the specimens from the water into air
10.2.2 Test the breaking strength in accordance with Test
maintained at 23 6 2°C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity,
Methods D1458.
remove surface water with a paper towel, and begin testing
10.3 Calculation—From the test measurements on the three
within 30 s.
specimens, calculate the average breaking strength.
7. Precision and Bias
10.4 Report—Report the average breaking strength in new-
7.1 No evaluation of precision or bias has been established tons per metre of width.
forthetestmethodshereinastheyrelatetothesethinthermally
11. Tensile Strength and Elongation
conductive materials. For general guidance only, it is suitable
to make reference to Precision and Bias statements in the
11.1 Significance and Use—Tensile test results with these
referenced test methods as listed in Section 2. materials will vary with specimen geometry and conditions of
testing. Hence, these tensile measurements are not always
8. Thickness
reliable indicators of usefulness in a particular application.
8.1 Significance and Use—The accurate determination of Tensile properties of glass-fiber-reinforced materials vary with
the ratio of the glass-fiber thickness to the total thickness.
thickness is essential for design purposes for both thermal
Measurements of tensile properties vary with the direction of
conduction and electrical insulation. Thickness enters into the
the glass fibers with respect to the direction in which the
calculation of thermal, electrical, and tensile properties.
specimen is cut.
8.2 Procedure:
11.2 Procedure:
8.2.1 Make thickness measurements on specimens in accor-
11.2.1 Prepare three specimens in accordance with Test
dance with Test Methods D374M, Method H. This test method
Methods D412, using Die C.
uses a micrometer which applies a pressure of 26 6 4 kPa on
11.2.2 If the material contains reinforcing fibers, cut the test
the specimen, using a 6.25-mm diameter presser foot.
specimensuchthatanyreinforcingfibersareat45 610°tothe
8.2.2 Clean the surfaces where the measurements are to be
long axis of the specimen.
made. Take five randomly spaced measurements to cover the
11.2.3 In accordance with Test Methods D412, measure the
length and width of the specimen. Take measurements at least
tensile breaking strength and tensile elongation at a jaw
6 mm from the edges of the specimen.
separation rate of 500 mm/min (20 in./min).
NOTE 2—At the compressive loads of this test method, some materials
will undergo compression or compression deflection. It is important for 11.3 Calculation:
D6343 − 14 (2018)
11.3.1 Calculatethetensilestrengthinkilopascals,usingthe 14.3 Calculation—Calculate the tear strength for each
initial thickness and width for each specimen. Calculate the specimen by dividing the maximum force by the specimen
average tensile strength from the three test measurements. thickness. Calculate the average from the three test measure-
11.3.2 Similarly, calculate each elongation at break as a ments.
percentage of the initial jaw separation. Calculate the average
14.4 Report—Report the average tear strength in newtons
from the three test measurements.
per millimetre.
11.4 Report—Report the average tensile strength in kilopas-
15. Thermal Impedance
cals and the average elongation in percent.
15.1 Significance and Use—Thermal impedance measure-
12. Hardness ments are affected by applied pressure, thickness, any surface
irregularities, and uniformity of heat flow. Since the results
12.1 Significance and Use—This test method is empirical
obtained by these test methods represent thermal characteris-
and intended for control purposes only.
tics of a material under a specific set of conditions, it is not
12.2 Procedure:
appropriate to use these results to predict performance in an
12.2.1 Prepare a sufficient number of specimens to form a
application where conditions differ from those of the test.
stack approximately 6 mm high.
15.2 Procedure:
12.2.2 Determine the indentation hardness in accordance
15.2.1 Prepare specimens for two determinations, as re-
with Test Method D2240, with the following exception:
quiredbyeitherMethodAorMethodBofTestMethodD5470.
12.2.2.1 Read the scale within 2 s after the presser foot is in
15.2.2 Measure the thermal impedance in accordance with
firm contact with the specimen.
Test Method D5470, using a pressure of 3.0 6 0.1 MPa and an
12.3 Calculation—From the five measurements taken at
average specimen temperature of 50 6 5°C.
different locations on the specimen, calculate the average
15.3 Calculation—From the two determinations, calculate
hardness.
the average thermal impedance.
12.4 Report—Report the average hardness, in accordance
15.4 Report—Report the average thermal impedance in
with the Shore Hardness system.
(m ·K)/W and the test method used.
13. Specific Gravity
16. Apparent Thermal Conductivity
13.1 Significance and Use—Specific gravity is a potentially
16.1 Significance and Use—Thermal conductivity applies
useful tool to help verify proper filler loading and distribution
only to homogeneous materials. Thermally conductive electri-
and it is information occasionally required by designers of
cally insulating materials are heterogeneous since they typi-
specific applications of these materials.
cally include ceramic fillers and elastomeric binders, and are
often reinforced with glass fiber or a layer of dielectric film.
13.2 Procedure—Prepare two specimens of at least
Hence the term apparent thermal conductivity is more appro-
650 mm in area and test in accordance with Test Methods
priate. Because of the multilayer nature of these products, the
D792, Method A-1.
apparent thermal conductivity will vary with material thick-
13.3 Report—Report the average of the two test measure-
ness.
ments as the specific gravity.
16.2 Procedure:
16.2.1 Prepare specimens in accordance with either Method
14. Tear Strength
A or Method B of Test Method D5470.
14.1 Significance and Use:
16.2.2 In accordance with Test Methods D5470, determine
14.1.1 In certain applications, these materials are stressed
the thermal impedance of layered stacks using 1, 2, and 3
duringinstallationinsuchawayastointroducetearingstresses
layers of specimens at 3 6 0.1-MPa pressure. Use either Test
on the material. Tear strength measurements provide a means
Method A or Test Method B of Test Method D5470.
of comparing or specifying materials for such applications.
16.3 Calculation—Calculate the apparent thermal conduc-
14.1.2 Thetypeofreinforcement,testingrate,andspecimen
tivity from the slope of a plot of thermal impedance against
size affect the tear resistance. The results obtained by this test
specimen stack thickness.
method are predictive of performance only under certain
specific conditions of use.
16.4 Report—Report the apparent thermal conductivity in
W/(m·K) and the test method used.
14.2 Procedure:
14.2.1 Prepare three specimens using Die C of Test Method
17. Permittivity and Dissipation Factor
D624.
17.1 Significance and Use—Test Methods D150 discuss the
14.2.2 If the material contains reinforcing fibers, cut the test
significance of dielectric properties and dissipation factor.
specimensuchthatanyreinforcingfibersareat45 610°tothe
long axis of the specimen (the “A” dimension of Die C).
17.2 Procedure—Prepare four specimens. Use 75-mm di-
14.2.
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