ASTM D149-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The dielectric strength of an electrical insulating material is a property of interest for any application where an electrical field will be present. In many cases the dielectric strength of a material will be the determining factor in the design of the apparatus in which it is to be used.
5.2 Tests made as specified herein are suitable for use to provide part of the information needed for determining suitability of a material for a given application; and also, for detecting changes or deviations from normal characteristics resulting from processing variables, aging conditions, or other manufacturing or environmental situations. This test method is useful for process control, acceptance or research testing.
5.3 Results obtained by this test method can seldom be used directly to determine the dielectric behavior of a material in an actual application. In most cases it is necessary that these results be evaluated by comparison with results obtained from other functional tests or from tests on other materials, or both, in order to estimate their significance for a particular material.
5.4 Three methods for voltage application are specified in Section 12: Method A, Short-Time Test; Method B, Step-by-Step Test; and Method C, Slow Rate-of-Rise Test. Method A is the most commonly-used test for quality-control tests. However, the longer-time tests, Methods B and C, which usually will give lower test results, will potentially give more meaningful results when different materials are being compared with each other. If a test set with motor-driven voltage control is available, the slow rate-of-rise test is simpler and preferable to the step-by-step test. The results obtained from Methods B and C are comparable to each other.
5.5 Documents specifying the use of this test method shall also specify:
5.5.1 Method of voltage application,
5.5.2 Voltage rate-of-rise, if slow rate-of-rise method is specified,
5.5.3 Specimen selection, preparation, and conditio...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of dielectric strength of solid insulating materials at commercial power frequencies, under specified conditions.2,3
1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the tests shall be made at 60 Hz. However, this test method is suitable for use at any frequency from 25 to 800 Hz. At frequencies above 800 Hz, dielectric heating is a potential problem.
1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunction with any ASTM standard or other document that refers to this test method. References to this document need to specify the particular options to be used (see 5.5).
1.4 It is suitable for use at various temperatures, and in any suitable gaseous or liquid surrounding medium.
1.5 This test method is not intended for measuring the dielectric strength of materials that are fluid under the conditions of test.
1.6 This test method is not intended for use in determining intrinsic dielectric strength, direct-voltage dielectric strength, or thermal failure under electrical stress (see Test Method D3151).
1.7 This test method is most commonly used to determine the dielectric breakdown voltage through the thickness of a test specimen (puncture). It is also suitable for use to determine dielectric breakdown voltage along the interface between a solid specimen and a gaseous or liquid surrounding medium (flashover). With the addition of instructions modifying Section 12, this test method is also suitable for use for proof testing.
1.8 This test method is similar to IEC Publication 243-1. All procedures in this method are included in IEC 243-1. Differences between this method and IEC 243-1 are largely editorial.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicabil...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D149 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of
Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power
1
Frequencies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D149; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* (flashover). With the addition of instructions modifying Sec-
tion 12, this test method is also suitable for use for proof
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determina-
testing.
tion of dielectric strength of solid insulating materials at
2,3
commercial power frequencies, under specified conditions. 1.8 ThistestmethodissimilartoIECPublication243-1.All
procedures in this method are included in IEC 243-1. Differ-
1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the tests shall be made at 60
encesbetweenthismethodandIEC243-1arelargelyeditorial.
Hz. However, this test method is suitable for use at any
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
frequency from 25 to 800 Hz. At frequencies above 800 Hz,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dielectric heating is a potential problem.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunction
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with anyASTM standard or other document that refers to this
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
test method. References to this document need to specify the
Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7. See also
particular options to be used (see 5.5).
6.4.1.
1.4 It is suitable for use at various temperatures, and in any
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
suitable gaseous or liquid surrounding medium.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.5 This test method is not intended for measuring the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
dielectric strength of materials that are fluid under the condi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tions of test.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.6 This test method is not intended for use in determining
intrinsic dielectric strength, direct-voltage dielectric strength,
2. Referenced Documents
or thermal failure under electrical stress (see Test Method
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3151).
D374Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
1.7 This test method is most commonly used to determine
lation (Metric) D0374_D0374M
thedielectricbreakdownvoltagethroughthethicknessofatest
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
specimen (puncture). It is also suitable for use to determine
D877Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
dielectric breakdown voltage along the interface between a
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
solid specimen and a gaseous or liquid surrounding medium
D1711Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D2413Practice for Preparation of Insulating Paper and
1
Board Impregnated with a Liquid Dielectric
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
D3151Test Method for Thermal Failure of Solid Electrical
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
Insulating Materials Under Electric Stress (Withdrawn
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2020. Published January 2020. Originally
5
2007)
approved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D149–09(2013).
DOI: 10.1520/D0149-20.
2
Bartnikas, R., Chapter 3, “High Voltage Measurements,” Electrical Properties
4
of Solid Insulating Materials, Measurement Techniques, Vol. IIB, Engineering For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Dielectrics, R. Bartnikas, Editor, ASTM STP 926, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1987. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Nelson, J. K., Chapter 5, “Dielectric Breakdown of Solids,” Electrical Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Properties of Solid Insulating Materials: Molecular Structure and Electrical the ASTM website.
5
Behavior, Vol. IIA, Engineering Dielectrics, R. Bartnikas and R. M. Eichorn, The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Editors, ASTM
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D149 − 09 (Reapproved 2013) D149 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of
Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power
1
Frequencies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D149; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of dielectric strength of solid insulating materials at commercial
2,3
power frequencies, under specified conditions.
1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the tests shall be made at 60 Hz. However, this test method is suitable for use at any frequency
from 25 to 800 Hz. At frequencies above 800 Hz, dielectric heating is a potential problem.
1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunction with any ASTM standard or other document that refers to this test
method. References to this document need to specify the particular options to be used (see 5.5).
1.4 It is suitable for use at various temperatures, and in any suitable gaseous or liquid surrounding medium.
1.5 This test method is not intended for measuring the dielectric strength of materials that are fluid under the conditions of test.
1.6 This test method is not intended for use in determining intrinsic dielectric strength, direct-voltage dielectric strength, or
thermal failure under electrical stress (see Test Method D3151).
1.7 This test method is most commonly used to determine the dielectric breakdown voltage through the thickness of a test
specimen (puncture). It is also suitable for use to determine dielectric breakdown voltage along the interface between a solid
specimen and a gaseous or liquid surrounding medium (flashover). With the addition of instructions modifying Section 12, this test
method is also suitable for use for proof testing.
1.8 This test method is similar to IEC Publication 243-1. All procedures in this method are included in IEC 243-1. Differences
between this method and IEC 243-1 are largely editorial.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7. Also seeSee also 6.4.1.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation (Metric) D0374_D0374M
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
Current edition approved April 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2020. Published April 2013January 2020. Originally approved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 as
D149 – 09.D149 – 09 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/D0149-09R13.10.1520/D0149-20.
2
Bartnikas, R., Chapter 3, “High Voltage Measurements,” Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating Materials, Measurement Techniques, Vol. IIB, Engineering Dielectrics,
R. Bartnikas, Editor, ASTM STP 926, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1987.
3
Nelson, J. K., Chapter 5, “Dielectric Breakdown of Solids,” Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating Materials: Molecular Structure and Electrical Behavior, Vol. IIA,
Engineering Dielectrics, R. Bartnikas and R. M. Eichorn, Editors, ASTM STP 783, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1983.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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...
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