ASTM D3755-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Direct-Voltage Stress
Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Direct-Voltage Stress
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use as a control and acceptance test for direct-voltage applications. It can also be used in the partial evaluation of material for specific end uses and as a means for detecting changes in material due to specific deteriorating causes.
5.2 Experience indicates that the breakdown value obtained with direct voltage usually will be approximately 2 to 4 times the rms value of the 60-Hz alternating-voltage breakdown.
5.3 For a nonhomogeneous test specimen, the distribution of voltage stress within the specimen is determined by impedance (largely capacitive) with alternating voltage. With an increasing direct voltage, the voltage distribution will still be largely capacitive, although this depends partly on the rate of voltage increase. After steady application of direct voltage the voltage division across the test specimen is determined by resistance. The choice of direct or alternating voltage depends upon the purpose for which the breakdown test is to be used, and to some extent, on the intended application of the material.
5.4 A more complete discussion of the significance of dielectric breakdown tests is given in Appendix X1 of this method and in Appendix X1 of Test Method D149. Those appendix sections of Test Method D149 that refer to alternating voltage are not applicable to the direct-voltage method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dielectric breakdown voltage and dielectric strength of solid electrical insulating materials under direct-voltage stress.
1.2 Since some materials require special treatment, reference shall also be made to ASTM specifications or to the test method directly applicable to the material to be tested. See Test Method D149 for the determination of dielectric strength of electrical insulating materials at commercial power frequencies.
1.3 This test method is similar to IEC Publication 243-2. All procedures in this test method are included in IEC 243-2. Differences between this test method and IEC 243-2 are largely editorial.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.
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Designation: D3755 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of
Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Direct-Voltage
1
Stress
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3755; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dielectric
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
breakdown voltage and dielectric strength of solid electrical
D2436 Specification for Forced-Convection Laboratory Ov-
insulating materials under direct-voltage stress.
3
ens for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 1994)
1.2 Since some materials require special treatment, refer-
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
ence shall also be made to ASTM specifications or to the test
Electrical Apparatus
methoddirectlyapplicabletothematerialtobetested.SeeTest 4
2.2 ANSI Standard:
Method D149 for the determination of dielectric strength of
ANSI C68.1 Techniques for Dielectric Tests, IEEE Standard
electrical insulating materials at commercial power frequen-
No. 4.
cies.
2.3 IEC Standard:
1.3 ThistestmethodissimilartoIECPublication243-2.All
IEC 243-2 Methods of test for electric strength of solid
procedures in this test method are included in IEC 243-2.
insulating materials—Part 2: Additional requirements for
4
DifferencesbetweenthistestmethodandIEC243-2arelargely
tests using direct voltage
editorial.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 creepage distance, n—shortest distance between two
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
conductive parts (typically metal), measured along the surface
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution of the dielectric insulator.
statements are given in Section 7.
3.1.2 dielectric breakdown voltage, n—Refer to Terminol-
ogy D1711.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 dielectric strength, n—Refer to Terminology D1711.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 flashover, n—Refer to Terminology D1711.
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
4. Summary of Test Method
at Commercial Power Frequencies
4.1 The specimen, held in a properly designed electrode
D176 Test Methods for Solid Filling and Treating Com-
3
system, is electrically stressed by the application of an increas-
pounds Used for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)
ing direct voltage until internal breakdown occurs. The test
voltage is applied at a uniform rate of increase. The direct
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on voltage is obtained from a high-voltage supply of adequate
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
current capacity and regulation, reasonably ripple-free, with
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
facilities for measuring and controlling the output voltage.
Current edition approved May 15, 2014. Published June 2014. Originally
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3755 – 97 (2004),
5. Significance and Use
which was withdrawn in January 2013 and reinstated in June 2014. DOI:
10.1520/D3755-14.
5.1 This test method is intended for use as a control and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
acceptance test for direct-voltage applications. It can also be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
www.astm.org. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3755 − 14
used in the partial evaluation of material for specific end uses D149. The electrode contact pressure shall be adequate to
andasameansfordetectingchangesinmaterialduetospecific obtain good electrical contact.
deteriorating causes. 6.4.2 Where excellent electrode contact is considered
important, use paint or vaporized metal electrodes. Such
5.2 Experience indicates that the breakdown value obtained
electrodesshallalso
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3755 − 97 (Reapproved 2004) D3755 − 14 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of
Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Direct-Voltage
1
Stress
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3755; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dielectric breakdown voltage and dielectric strength of solid electrical
insulating materials under direct-voltage stress.
1.2 Since some materials require special treatment, reference shouldshall also be made to ASTM specifications or to the test
method directly applicable to the material to be tested. See Test Method D149 for the determination of dielectric strength of
electrical insulating materials at commercial power frequencies.
1.3 This test method is similar to IEC Publication 243-2. All procedures in this test method are included in IEC 243-2.
Differences between this test method and IEC 243-2 are largely editorial.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at
Commercial Power Frequencies
3
D176 Test Methods for Solid Filling and Treating Compounds Used for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)
D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
3
D2436 Specification for Forced-Convection Laboratory Ovens for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 1994)
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
4
2.2 ANSI Standard:
ANSI C68.1 Techniques for Dielectric Tests, IEEE Standard No. 4.
2.3 IEC Standard:
IEC 243-2 Methods of test for electric strength of solid insulating materials—Part 2: Additional requirements for tests using
4
direct voltage
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 creepage distance, n—shortest distance between two conductive parts (typically metal), measured along the surface of the
dielectric insulator.
3.1.2 dielectric breakdown voltage, n—Refer to Terminology D1711.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
Current edition approved March 1, 2004May 15, 2014. Published March 2004June 2014. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 19972004 as
D3755 – 97.D3755 – 97 (2004) DOI: 10.1520/D3755-97R04., which was withdrawn in January 2013 and reinstated in June 2014. DOI: 10.1520/D3755-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3755 − 14
3.1.3 dielectric strength, n—Refer to Terminology D1711.
3.1.4 flashover, n—Refer to Terminology D1711.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The specimen, held in a properly designed electrode system, is electrically stressed by the application of an increasing direct
voltage until internal breakdown occurs. The test voltage is applied at a uniform rate of increase. The direct voltage is obtained
from a high-voltage supply of adequate current capacity and regulation, reasonably ripple-free, with facilities for measuring and
controlling the output voltage.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended for use as a control and acceptance test for direct-voltage applications. It may
...
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