ASTM D3755-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Direct-Voltage Stress
Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Direct-Voltage Stress
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use as a control and acceptance test for direct-voltage applications. It can also be used in the partial evaluation of material for specific end uses and as a means for detecting changes in material due to specific deteriorating causes.
5.2 Experience indicates that the breakdown value obtained with direct voltage usually will be approximately 2 to 4 times the rms value of the 60-Hz alternating-voltage breakdown.
5.3 For a nonhomogeneous test specimen, the distribution of voltage stress within the specimen is determined by impedance (largely capacitive) with alternating voltage. With an increasing direct voltage, the voltage distribution will still be largely capacitive, although this depends partly on the rate of voltage increase. After steady application of direct voltage the voltage division across the test specimen is determined by resistance. The choice of direct or alternating voltage depends upon the purpose for which the breakdown test is to be used, and to some extent, on the intended application of the material.
5.4 A more complete discussion of the significance of dielectric breakdown tests is given in Appendix X1 of this method and in Appendix X1 of Test Method D149. Those appendix sections of Test Method D149 that refer to alternating voltage are not applicable to the direct-voltage method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dielectric breakdown voltage and dielectric strength of solid electrical insulating materials under direct-voltage stress.
1.2 Since some materials require special treatment, reference shall also be made to ASTM specifications or to the test method directly applicable to the material to be tested. See Test Method D149 for the determination of dielectric strength of electrical insulating materials at commercial power frequencies.
1.3 This test method is similar to IEC Publication 243-2. All procedures in this test method are included in IEC 243-2. Differences between this test method and IEC 243-2 are largely editorial.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3755 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of
Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Direct-Voltage
1
Stress
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3755; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
at Commercial Power Frequencies
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dielectric
D176 Test Methods for Solid Filling and Treating Com-
breakdown voltage and dielectric strength of solid electrical
3
pounds Used for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)
insulating materials under direct-voltage stress.
D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
1.2 Since some materials require special treatment, refer-
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
ence shall also be made to ASTM specifications or to the test
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
methoddirectlyapplicabletothematerialtobetested.SeeTest
D2436 Specification for Forced-Convection Laboratory Ov-
Method D149 for the determination of dielectric strength of 3
ens for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 1994)
electrical insulating materials at commercial power frequen-
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
cies.
Electrical Apparatus
4
1.3 ThistestmethodissimilartoIECPublication243-2.All
2.2 ANSI Standard:
procedures in this test method are included in IEC 243-2.
ANSI C68.1 Techniques for Dielectric Tests, IEEE Standard
DifferencesbetweenthistestmethodandIEC243-2arelargely
No. 4.
editorial.
2.3 IEC Standard:
IEC 243-2 Methods of test for electric strength of solid
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the insulating materials—Part 2: Additional requirements for
4
tests using direct voltage
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.
3.1 Definitions:
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.1 creepage distance, n—shortest distance between two
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
conductive parts (typically metal), measured along the surface
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of the dielectric insulator.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.2 dielectric breakdown voltage, n—Refer to Terminol-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ogy D1711.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.3 dielectric strength, n—Refer to Terminology D1711.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.4 flashover (as related to electrical), n—an electrical
2
discharge between two electrodes which occurs around the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
surface of a solid dielectric in the surrounding medium.
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
4. Summary of Test Method
1
4.1 The specimen, held in a properly designed electrode
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
system, is electrically stressed by the application of an increas-
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
ing direct voltage until internal breakdown occurs. The test
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2020. Published January 2020. Originally
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D3755 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D3755-20.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3755 − 20
voltage is applied at a uniform rate of increase. The direct that the measurement error will not exceed 62 % of full scale
voltage is obtained from a high-voltage supply of adequa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3755 − 14 D3755 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of
Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Direct-Voltage
1
Stress
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3755; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dielectric breakdown voltage and dielectric strength of solid electrical
insulating materials under direct-voltage stress.
1.2 Since some materials require special treatment, reference shall also be made to ASTM specifications or to the test method
directly applicable to the material to be tested. See Test Method D149 for the determination of dielectric strength of electrical
insulating materials at commercial power frequencies.
1.3 This test method is similar to IEC Publication 243-2. All procedures in this test method are included in IEC 243-2.
Differences between this test method and IEC 243-2 are largely editorial.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at
Commercial Power Frequencies
3
D176 Test Methods for Solid Filling and Treating Compounds Used for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)
D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
3
D2436 Specification for Forced-Convection Laboratory Ovens for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 1994)
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
4
2.2 ANSI Standard:
ANSI C68.1 Techniques for Dielectric Tests, IEEE Standard No. 4.
2.3 IEC Standard:
IEC 243-2 Methods of test for electric strength of solid insulating materials—Part 2: Additional requirements for tests using
4
direct voltage
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
Current edition approved May 15, 2014Jan. 1, 2020. Published June 2014January 2020. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20042014 as
D3755 – 97 (2004)D3755 – 14., which was withdrawn in January 2013 and reinstated in June 2014. DOI: 10.1520/D3755-14. DOI: 10.1520/D3755-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3755 − 20
3.1.1 creepage distance, n—shortest distance between two conductive parts (typically metal), measured along the surface of the
dielectric insulator.
3.1.2 dielectric breakdown voltage, n—Refer to Terminology D1711.
3.1.3 dielectric strength, n—Refer to Terminology D1711.
3.1.4 flashover, flashover (as related to electrical), n—Refer to Terminologyan electrical discharge D1711.between two
electrodes which occurs around the surface of a solid dielectric in the surrounding medium.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The specimen, held in a p
...
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