ASTM D6277-01

Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of benzene in spark-ignition engine fuels. It is applicable to concentrations from 0.1 to 5 volume %.
1.2 SI units of measurement are preferred and used throughout this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Aug-2001
• ICS: 71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0F - Absorption Spectroscopic Methods

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D6277-99 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM D6277-01(2006) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D8321-22 - Standard Practice for Development and Validation of Multivariate Analyses for Use in Predicting Properties of Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants based on Spectroscopic Measurements
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E2056-04(2016) - Standard Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectrophotometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated Using Surrogate Mixtures
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3764-23 - Standard Practice for Validation of the Performance of Process Stream Analyzer Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7235-21a - Standard Guide for Establishing a Linear Correlation Relationship Between Analyzer and Primary Test Method Results Using Relevant ASTM Standard Practices
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6277 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
1
Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6277; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid
4
Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the per-
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
centage of benzene in spark-ignition engine fuels. It is appli-
5
tative Analysis
cable to concentrations from 0.1 to 5 volume %.
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative
1.2 SIunitsofmeasurementarepreferredandusedthrough-
5
Analysis
out this standard.
E2056 Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectro-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
photometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5
Using Surrogate Mixtures
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1 multivariate calibration—a process for creating a
calibrationmodelinwhichmultivariatemathematicsisapplied
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to correlate the absorbances measured for a set of calibration
D1298 TestMethodforDensity,RelativeDensity(Specific
samples to reference component concentrations or property
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
2
values for the set of samples.
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The resultant multivariate calibration
D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
3
modelisappliedtotheanalysisofspectraofunknownsamples
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
to provide an estimate of the component concentration or
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3
property values for the unknown sample.
Petroleum Products
3.1.1.2 Discussion—Includedinthemultivariatecalibration
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
3
algorithms are Partial Least Squares, Multilinear Regression,
Petroleum Products
and Classical Least Squares Peak Fitting.
D4307 PracticeforPreparationofLiquidBlendsforUseas
3
3.1.2 oxygenate—an oxygen-containing organic compound
Analytical Standards
which may be used as a fuel or fuel supplement, for example,
D5769 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Tolu-
various alcohols and ethers.
ene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas
4
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
4. Summary of Test Method
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
4 4.1 Asampleofspark-ignitionenginefuelisintroducedinto
Volatility Measurements
aliquidsamplecell.Abeamofinfraredlightisimagedthrough
the sample onto a detector, and the detector response is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on determined.Wavelengths of the spectrum, that correlate highly
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
with benzene or interferences, are selected for analysis using
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
selective bandpass filters or by mathematically selecting areas
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2001. Published October 2001. Originally
of the whole spectrum. A multivariate mathematical analysis
published as D 6277–98. Last previous edition D 6277–99.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05.02.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 03.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 6277 – 01
converts the detector response for the selected areas of the nitrogen. A subsequent single beam spectrum shall be taken
spectrum of an unknown to a concentration of benzene. under the same conditions and ratioed to the background
spectrum. The RMS noise of the ratioed spectra, the 100%
5. Significance and Use
line, shall not exceed 0.3 % transmittance in the region from
–1
700 to 664 cm .
5.1 Benzene is a compound that endangers health, and the
7.2 Absorption Cell— The absorption cell can be either
concentration is limited by environmental protection agencies
transmission or attenuated total reflectance.
to produce a less toxic gasoline.
7.2.1 Transmission Cells, shall have windows of potassium
5.2 This test
...