ASTM D4176-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for estimating the presence of suspended free water and solid particulate contamination in distillate fuels having distillation end points below 400°C and an ASTM color of 5 or less.
1.1.1 Both procedures can be used as field tests at storage temperatures, or as laboratory tests at controlled temperatures.
1.1.2 Procedure 1 provides a rapid pass/fail method for contamination. Procedure 2 provides a gross numerical rating of haze appearance.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D4176–02
Standard Test Method for
Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels
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(Visual Inspection Procedures)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4176; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope tamination in Mid-Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Nu-
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merical Rating)
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for estimating
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
the presence of suspended free water and solid particulate
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Distillate Fuel Bar Chart
contamination in distillate fuels having distillation end points
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Distillate Fuel Haze Rating Standard
below 400°C and an ASTM color of 5 or less.
1.1.1 Both procedures can be used as field tests at storage
3. Terminology
temperatures, or as laboratory tests at controlled temperatures.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1.2 Procedure 1 provides a rapid pass/fail method for
3.1.1 free water—water in excess of that soluble in the fuel
contamination. Procedure 2 provides a gross numerical rating
at the temperature of the test, and appearing in the fuel as a
of haze appearance.
haze or cloudiness, or as droplets.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.2 solid particulates—small solid or semisolid particles,
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
sometimes referred to as silt or sediment, present in a fuel as a
only.
result of contamination by air-blown dusts, corrosion by-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
products, fuel instability, or protective-coating deterioration.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 clear-and-bright (also termed “clean-and-bright”)—a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
condition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
particulates, and is free of haze or cloudiness.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 In Procedure 1 approximately 900 mL of fuel is placed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
into a clear glass, one litre jar and is examined visually for
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
2 clarity. The sample is then swirled and examined for visual
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
sediment or water drops below the vortex.
D 1744 Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Prod-
3 4.2 In Procedure 2 approximately 900 mL of fuel is placed
ucts by Karl Fischer Reagent
into a clear glass, one litre jar and is examined visually for
D 2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Avia-
2 clarity. Fuel clarity is rated by placing a standard bar chart
tion Fuel by Line Sampling
behind the sample and comparing its visual appearance with
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
2 the standard haze rating photos.The sample is then swirled and
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
examined for visual sediment or water drops below the vortex.
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
4 4.3 When field testing, both Procedures 1 and 2 are per-
Petroleum Products
formed immediately after sampling and at storage temperature
D 4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-
conditions.
4.4 When lab testing, both Procedures 1 and 2 are per-
1 formed after the sample has equilibrated at the test temperature
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the responsibility of Subcommittee of interest.
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2002. Published April 2002. Originally
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published as D 4176 – 82. Last previous edition D 4176 – 93 (1997). Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request Adjunct No.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. ADJD417601.
3 6
Discontinued; see 2000 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request Adjunct No.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. ADJD417602.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4176
5. Significance and Use within 6 0.5°C (6 1°F) of the desired temperature for
laboratory tests that require measurements to be made at a
5.1 It has long been the practice to include in fuel specifi-
specific temperature.
cations a requirement that the fuel be clear and bright
...
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