ASTM E1254-13(2018)

Standard Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed Industrial Radiographic Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The provisions of this guide are intended to control the quality of industrial radiographs and unexposed films only and are not intended for controlling the acceptability of the materials or products radiographed. It is further intended that this guide be used as an adjunct to Guide E94.  
3.2 The necessity for applying specific control procedures such as those described in this guide is dependent to a certain extent, on the degree to which a user adheres to good processing and storage practices as a matter of routine procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide may be used for the control and maintenance of industrial radiographs and unexposed films used for industrial radiography.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: For information purposes, refer to Terminology E1316. The terms stated therein, however, are not specifically referenced in the text of this document.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2018
• ICS: 19.100 - Non-destructive testing
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.01 - Radiology (X and Gamma) Method

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1254 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Guide for
Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed Industrial
Radiographic Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1254; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 18901 Imaging Materials—Processed silver-gelatin
1.1 This guide may be used for the control and maintenance
type black-and-white films - Specifications for stability
of industrial radiographs and unexposed films used for indus-
ISO 18902 Imaging Materials—Processed photographic
trial radiography.
films, plates, and papers - Filing enclosures and storage
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
containers
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
ISO 18916 Processed Photographic Materials—
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Photographic activity test for enclosure materials
and are not considered standard.
ISO 18917 Photography—Determination of residual thiosul-
fate and other related chemicals in processed photographic
NOTE 1—For information purposes, refer to Terminology E1316. The
terms stated therein, however, are not specifically referenced in the text of materials - Methods using iodine-amylose, methylene blue
this document.
and silver sulfide
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 The provisions of this guide are intended to control the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
quality of industrial radiographs and unexposed films only and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are not intended for controlling the acceptability of the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
materials or products radiographed. It is further intended that
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
this guide be used as an adjunct to Guide E94.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2 The necessity for applying specific control procedures
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
such as those described in this guide is dependent to a certain
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
extent, on the degree to which a user adheres to good
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
processing and storage practices as a matter of routine proce-
dure.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4. Unexposed Film Storage
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial
4.1 Unopened Containers:
Radiographic Film
4.1.1 Storage Recommendations—Any films in containers
E746 Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Re-
sealed by the manufacturer and not opened should be stored
sponse of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
with the films on edge, or as recommended by the specific
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
manufacturer, to avoid container damage and possible film
damage. Storage temperature should be between 40 °F (4.4 °C)
and 75 °F (24 °C) at a relative humidity range of 30 to 60 %.
4.1.2 Higher Storage Temperatures—When temperatures
exceed 90 °F (32 °C) for 30 days, some unexposed films may
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
be processed under normal existing conditions to test for
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology
(X and Gamma) Method.
fogging. The outside sheets in a pack of cut films or the ends
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally
of rolled films are most affected by heat. If excessive fogging
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1254 – 13. DOI:
is found on these samples, subsequent sampling may be done
10.1520/E1254-13R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1254 − 13 (2018)
on inner sheets or further in on the rolls to avoid unnecessary residual thiosulfate and radiograph storage conditions, factors
scrap. A limit of 0.30 density units total for the base density and such as the temperature, humidity, and air flow in the storage
fog is acceptable (see 4.3) for industrial radiographic films. facility must be considered as they affect this rate (see
4.1.3 Lower Storage Temperatures—The temperature can be ISO 18901). If radiographs are stored at or below the upper
lower than 40 °F (4.4 °C) as lower temperatures reduce the rate limits of the temperature and relative humidity ranges de-
of heat and age fogging. However, lower temperatures will scribed in 4.1.1, stain generation will be minimized and
have no effect on background radiation fogging. Films stored at lowered as these two parameters are lowered. Again, be aware
these lower temperatures in unopened containers should be of possible film emulsion cracking at very low humidities.
allowed to stabilize at room temperature before opening the 5.2.1 Testing for Residual Thiosulfate—The procedure de-
containers. The stabilization time varies with the bulk of the scribed in ISO 18917 as the silver densitometric method for
stored films and the temperature stored at. The lower the measuring residual thiosulfate details a silver nitrate-acetic
temperature and greater the bulk the longer the time required to acid reagent. A solution that can be used as a spot test for
reach room temperature. If the containers are opened too soon, residual thiosulfate is as follows: Dissolve 10 g silver nitrate in
condensation could cause the films to stick to whatever is a solution of 30 mL glacial acetic acid in 750 mL water. Dilute
touching their surfaces.
to 1 L and store in brown, glass-stoppered bottle. Discard if
4.1.4 Lower or Higher Storage Humidities—If the relative darkened. Two minutes after a drop of this solution has been
humidity is below 30 % and the moisture in the films is placed on the lowest density area of a radiograph, a stain will
reduced sufficiently, film emulsion cracking or damage can appear if any residual thiosulfate is present. The intensity of the
occur during handling after opening the sealed containers, and
stain will approximate the maximum amount of discoloration
the films may be subjected to static electrical discharges. that one side of the radiograph will ever reach during any kind
Storage humidities over 60 % can also cause the films to stick
of storage conditions o
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1254 − 13 E1254 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Guide for
Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed Industrial
Radiographic Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1254; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide may be used for the control and maintenance of industrial radiographs and unexposed films used for industrial
radiography.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
NOTE 1—For information purposes, refer to Terminology E1316. The terms stated therein, however, are not specifically referenced in the text of this
document.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
E746 Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 18901 Imaging Materials—Processed silver-gelatin type black-and-white films - Specifications for stability
ISO 18902 Imaging Materials—Processed photographic films, plates, and papers - Filing enclosures and storage containers
ISO 18916 Processed Photographic Materials—Photographic activity test for enclosure materials
ISO 18917 Photography—Determination of residual thiosulfate and other related chemicals in processed photographic materials
- Methods using iodine-amylose, methylene blue and silver sulfide
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The provisions of this guide are intended to control the quality of industrial radiographs and unexposed films only and are
not intended for controlling the acceptability of the materials or products radiographed. It is further intended that this guide be used
as an adjunct to Guide E94.
3.2 The necessity for applying specific control procedures such as those described in this guide is dependent to a certain extent,
on the degree to which a user adheres to good processing and storage practices as a matter of routine procedure.
4. Unexposed Film Storage
4.1 Unopened Containers:
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology (X and
Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2013 December 2018. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20082013
as E1254 – 08.E1254 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/E1254-13.10.1520/E1254-13R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1254 − 13 (2018)
4.1.1 Storage Recommendations—Any films in containers sealed by the manufacturer and not opened should be stored with the
films on edge, or as recommended by the specific manufacturer, to avoid container damage and possible film damage. Storage
temperature should be between 40 °F (4.4 °C) and 75 °F (24 °C) at a relative humidity range of 30 to 60 %.
4.1.2 Higher Storage Temperatures—When temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) for 30 days, some unexposed films may be
processed under normal existing conditions to test for fogging. The outside sheets in a pack of cut films or the ends of rolled films
are most affected by heat. If excessive fogging is found on these samples, subsequent sampling may be done on inner sheets or
further in on the rolls to avoid unnecessary scrap. A limit of 0.30 density units total for the base density and fog is acceptable (see
4.3) for industrial radiographic films.
4.1.3 Lower Storage Temperatures—The temperature can be lower than 40 °F (4.4 °C) as lower temperatures reduce the rate
of heat and age fogging. However, lower temperatures will have no effect on background radiation fogging. Films stored at these
lower temperatures in unopened containers should be allowed to stabilize at room temperature before opening the containers. The
stabilization time varies with the bulk of the stored films and the temperature stored at. The lower the temperature and greater the
bulk the longer the time required to reach room temperature. If the containers are opened too soon, condensation could cause the
films to stick to whatever is touching their surfaces.
4.1.4 Lower or Higher Storage Humidities—If the relative humidity is below 30 % and the moisture in the films is reduced
sufficiently, film emulsion cracking or damage can occur during handling after opening the sealed containers, and the films may
be subjected to static electrical discharges. Storage humidities over 60 % can also cause the films to stick to whatever is touching
their surfaces.
4.2 Opened Containers—The same considerations described in 4.1 for unopened containers apply. Opened containers are those
on which the manufacturer’s inner bag around the film itself has been opened. This can cause the unexposed film to stick and fog
more rapidly when exposed to high humidity and temperature.
4.3 Time-of-Use Usability—Tests used to evaluate image quality in accordance with Test Method E746 showed that equivalent
penetrameter sensitivity (EPS) of 1.4 % can be maintained for films with base plus-fog (B + Fog) up to 0.30.
4.3.1 If unexposed sheets or rolls are processed normally through the available processing system, and base plus-fog density
exceeds 0.30, the film may still be suitable for use. However, specific agreement should be obtained between the purchaser and
supplier if out-dated film or film stored under non-recommended conditions is to be used.
4.4 Radiation Protection—Storage facilities for unexposed films should provide adequate protection from penetrating radiation.
5. Radiograph Storage
5.1 Intr
...