ASTM E1411-23
(Practice)Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As with conventional radiography, radioscopic examination is broadly applicable to the many materials and object configurations which may be penetrated with X-rays or gamma rays. The high degree of variation in architecture and performance among radioscopic systems due to component selection, physical arrangement, and object variables makes it necessary to establish the performance that the selected radioscopic system is capable of achieving in specific applications. The manufacturer or integrator of the radioscopic system, as well as the user, require a common basis for determining the performance level of the radioscopic system.
5.2 This practice does not purport to provide a method to measure the performance of individual radioscopic system components that are manufactured according to a variety of industry standards. This practice covers measurement of the combined performance of the radioscopic system elements when operated together as a functional radioscopic system.
5.3 This practice addresses the performance of radioscopic systems in the static mode or dynamic mode, that can allow relative test-part motion between source, part, and detector, and may or may not have the ability to effect parameter changes during the radioscopic examination process. Users of radioscopy are cautioned that the dynamic aspects of radioscopy can have beneficial as well as detrimental effects upon system performance.
5.4 Radioscopic system performance measured pursuant to this practice does not guarantee the level of performance which may be realized in actual operation but does provide a baseline against which periodic performance evaluations can be compared to ensure the system is operating within established limits. The effects of object-geometry and orientation-generated scattered radiation cannot be reliably predicted by a standardized examination. All radioscopic systems age and degrade in performance as a function of time. Maintenance and operator adjustments, i...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers test and measurement details for measuring the performance of X-ray and gamma ray radioscopic systems. Radioscopy is a radiographic technique that can be used in (1) dynamic mode radioscopy to track motion or optimize radiographic parameters in real-time (25 to 30 frames per second), or both, near real-time (a few frames per second), or high speed (hundreds to thousands of frames per second) or (2) static mode radioscopy where there is no motion of the object during exposure as a filmless recording medium. This practice2 provides application details for radioscopic examination using penetrating radiation using an analog component such as an electro-optic device (for example, X-ray image intensifier (XRII) or analog camera, or both) or a Digital Detector Array (DDA) used in dynamic mode radioscopy. This practice is not to be used for static mode radioscopy using DDAs. If static radioscopy using a DDA (that is, DDA radiography) is being performed, use Practice E2698.
1.1.1 This practice also may be used for Linear Detector Array (LDA) applications where an LDA uses relative perpendicular motion between the detector and component to build an image line by line.
1.1.2 This practice may also be used for “flying spot” applications where a pencil beam of X-rays rasters over an object to build an image point by point.
1.2 Basis of Application:
1.2.1 The requirements of this practice and Practice E1255 shall be used together. The requirements of Practice E1255 provide the minimum requirements for radioscopic examination of materials. This practice is intended as a means of initially qualifying and re-qualifying a radioscopic system for a specified application by determining its performance when operated in a static or dynamic mode. Re-qualification may require agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organi...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1411 − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope engineering organization and should be addressed in the
purchase order or the contract.
1.1 This practice covers test and measurement details for
1.2.2 System architecture including the means of radio-
measuring the performance of X-ray and gamma ray radio-
scopic examination record archiving and the method for
scopic systems. Radioscopy is a radiographic technique that
making the accept/reject decision are also unique system
can be used in (1) dynamic mode radioscopy to track motion or
features and their effect upon system performance must be
optimize radiographic parameters in real-time (25 to 30 frames
evaluated.
per second), or both, near real-time (a few frames per second),
1.2.3 This qualification procedure is intended to benchmark
or high speed (hundreds to thousands of frames per second) or
radioscopic system performance under selected operating con-
(2) static mode radioscopy where there is no motion of the
ditions to provide a measure of system performance. Qualifi-
object during exposure as a filmless recording medium. This
2
cation shall not restrict operation of the radioscopic system at
practice provides application details for radioscopic examina-
other radioscopic examination parameter settings, which may
tion using penetrating radiation using an analog component
provide improved performance on actual examination objects.
such as an electro-optic device (for example, X-ray image
This practice neither approves nor disapproves the use of the
intensifier (XRII) or analog camera, or both) or a Digital
qualified radioscopic system for the specified application. It is
Detector Array (DDA) used in dynamic mode radioscopy. This
intended only as a standardized means of evaluating system
practice is not to be used for static mode radioscopy using
performance.
DDAs. If static radioscopy using a DDA (that is, DDA
radiography) is being performed, use Practice E2698.
1.3 The general principles, as stated in this practice, apply
1.1.1 This practice also may be used for Linear Detector
broadly to transmitted-beam penetrating radiation radioscopy
Array (LDA) applications where an LDA uses relative perpen-
systems. Other radioscopic systems, such as those employing
dicular motion between the detector and component to build an
neutrons and Compton back-scattered X-ray imaging
image line by line.
techniques, are not covered as they may involve equipment and
1.1.2 This practice may also be used for “flying spot”
application details unique to such systems.
applications where a pencil beam of X-rays rasters over an
1.4 The user of this practice shall note that energies higher
object to build an image point by point.
than 320 keV may require different methods than those de-
1.2 Basis of Application:
scribed within this practice.
1.2.1 The requirements of this practice and Practice E1255
1.5 This practice requires that a System Qualification Re-
shall be used together. The requirements of Practice E1255
port be issued before using the system for production use.
provide the minimum requirements for radioscopic examina-
tion of materials. This practice is intended as a means of
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
initially qualifying and re-qualifying a radioscopic system for
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
a specified application by determining its performance when
standard.
operated in a static or dynamic mode. Re-qualification may
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
require agreement between the cognizant engineering organi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
zation and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published January 2024. O
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1411 − 16 E1411 − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice providescovers test and measurement details for measuring the performance of X-ray and gamma ray radioscopic
systems. Radioscopic Radioscopy is a radiographic technique that can be used in (1) dynamic mode radioscopy to track motion
or optimize radiographic parameters in real-time (25 to 30 frames per second), or both, near real-time (a few frames per second),
or high speed (hundreds to thousands of frames per second) or (2) static mode radioscopy where there is no motion of the object
2
during exposure as a filmless recording medium. This practice examination applications are diverse. Therefore, system
configurations are also diverse and constantly changing as the technology advances. provides application details for radioscopic
examination using penetrating radiation using an analog component such as an electro-optic device (for example, X-ray image
intensifier (XRII) or analog camera, or both) or a Digital Detector Array (DDA) used in dynamic mode radioscopy. This practice
is not to be used for static mode radioscopy using DDAs. If static radioscopy using a DDA (that is, DDA radiography) is being
performed, use Practice E2698.
1.1.1 This practice also may be used for Linear Detector Array (LDA) applications where an LDA uses relative perpendicular
motion between the detector and component to build an image line by line.
1.1.2 This practice may also be used for “flying spot” applications where a pencil beam of X-rays rasters over an object to build
an image point by point.
1.2 This practice is intended as a means of initially qualifying and re-qualifying a radioscopic system for a specified application
by determining its performance level when operated in a static mode. System architecture including the means of radioscopic
examination record archiving and the method for making the accept/reject decision are also unique system features and their effect
upon system performance must be evaluated.Basis of Application:
1.2.1 The requirements of this practice and Practice E1255 shall be used together. The requirements of Practice E1255 provide
the minimum requirements for radioscopic examination of materials. This practice is intended as a means of initially qualifying
and re-qualifying a radioscopic system for a specified application by determining its performance when operated in a static or
dynamic mode. Re-qualification may require agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or
specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization and should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract.
1.2.2 System architecture including the means of radioscopic examination record archiving and the method for making the
accept/reject decision are also unique system features and their effect upon system performance must be evaluated.
1.2.3 This qualification procedure is intended to benchmark radioscopic system performance under selected operating conditions
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology (X and
Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016Dec. 1, 2023. Published July 2016January 2024. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20092016 as
E1411E1411 – 16. - 2009. DOI: 10.1520/E1411-16. DOI: 10.1520/E1411-23.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Practice SE-1255 in Section II of that code.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1411 − 23
to provide a measure of system performance. Qualification shall not restrict operation of the radioscopic system at other
radioscopic examination parameter settings, which may provide improved performance on actual examination objects. This
practice neither approves nor disapproves the use of the qualified radioscopic system for the specified application. It is intended
only as a standardized means of evaluating system performance.
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