ASTM D7034-11
(Guide)Standard Guide for Deriving Acceptable Levels of Airborne Chemical Contaminants in Aircraft Cabins Based on Health and Comfort Considerations
Standard Guide for Deriving Acceptable Levels of Airborne Chemical Contaminants in Aircraft Cabins Based on Health and Comfort Considerations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Although cabin air quality has been measured on numerous occasions and in many studies, there is very little guidance available for interpreting such data. Guidance for identifying contaminants and associated exposure levels that would cause concern in aircraft cabins is very limited. FAA Airworthiness Standards (14 CFR 25) constitute the only source of regulatory guidance that explicitly applies to the aircraft cabin environment. The FAA standards, however, define acceptable exposure limits for a limited number of chemical contaminants (ozone, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide). Another limitation of the FAA standards is that these are design standards only and are not operational standards; thus, once an aircraft is put in service these standards are not strictly applicable.
Measurements of aircraft cabin air quality often lead to a much larger list of volatile and semi-volatile organic chemicals of potential concern. Exposures to these chemicals, however, are largely unregulated outside of the industrial workplace.
An important feature of the aircraft cabin environment is that both passengers (public) and flight attendants (worker population) occupy it simultaneously. Therefore, workplace exposure guidelines cannot simply be extended to address exposures in aircraft cabin environment. Also, the length of flights and work shifts can vary considerably for flight attendants.
Contaminant levels of concern for the general public must account for the non-homogeneity of the population (for example, address sensitive individuals, the differences between passenger and crew activity levels, location, health status, personal microenvironment). Levels of concern associated with industrial workplace exposures typically consider a population of healthy adults exposed for 40 h per week (1). Consequently, exposure criteria developed to protect public health typically are more stringent than those for workers.
Given that the aircraft cabin environment must meet the need...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides methodology to assist in interpreting results of air quality measurements conducted in aircraft cabins. In particular, the guide describes methodology for deriving acceptable concentrations for airborne chemical contaminants, based on health and comfort considerations.
1.2 The procedures for deriving acceptable concentrations are based on considerations of comfort and health effects, including odor and irritant effects, of individual chemical contaminants being evaluated. The guide does not provide specific benchmark or guidance values for individual chemicals to compare with results of air quality measurements.
1.3 Chemical contaminant exposures under both routine and episodic conditions for passengers and crew are considered.
1.4 This guide does not address airborne microbiological contaminants, which are also important in consideration of aircraft cabin air quality. This guide also does not address methodologies for investigations of air quality complaints.
1.5 This guide assumes that a list of chemical contaminants of potential concern has been developed based on existing concentration, emission, or material composition data.
1.6 The primary information resources for developing acceptable concentrations are databases and documents maintained or published by cognizant authorities or organizations concerned with health effects of exposure to contaminants.
1.7 Acceptable concentrations developed through this guide may be used as a basis for selecting test methods with adequate reliability and sensitivity to assess the acceptability of aircraft cabin environments.
1.8 Procedures described in this guide should be carried out in consultation with qualified toxicologists and health effects specialists to ensure that acceptable concentrations developed are consistent with the current scientific understanding and knowledge base.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as st...
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Designation: D7034 − 11
Standard Guide for
Deriving Acceptable Levels of Airborne Chemical
Contaminants in Aircraft Cabins Based on Health and
1
Comfort Considerations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7034; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope specialists to ensure that acceptable concentrations developed
are consistent with the current scientific understanding and
1.1 This guide provides methodology to assist in interpret-
knowledge base.
ing results of air quality measurements conducted in aircraft
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
cabins. In particular, the guide describes methodology for
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
deriving acceptable concentrations for airborne chemical
standard.
contaminants, based on health and comfort considerations.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 The procedures for deriving acceptable concentrations
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are based on considerations of comfort and health effects,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
including odor and irritant effects, of individual chemical
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
contaminants being evaluated. The guide does not provide
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
specific benchmark or guidance values for individual chemi-
1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-
cals to compare with results of air quality measurements.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 Chemicalcontaminantexposuresunderbothroutineand
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
episodic conditions for passengers and crew are considered.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.4 This guide does not address airborne microbiological
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
contaminants, which are also important in consideration of
aircraft cabin air quality. This guide also does not address
2. Referenced Documents
methodologies for investigations of air quality complaints.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.5 This guide assumes that a list of chemical contaminants
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
of potential concern has been developed based on existing Atmospheres
concentration, emission, or material composition data.
D6399Guide for Selecting Instruments and Methods for
Measuring Air Quality in Aircraft Cabins
1.6 The primary information resources for developing ac-
E609Terminology Relating to Pesticides
ceptable concentrations are databases and documents main-
E943Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-
tained or published by cognizant authorities or organizations
ronmental Fate
concerned with health effects of exposure to contaminants.
3
2.2 Other Standards:
1.7 Acceptableconcentrationsdevelopedthroughthisguide
14 CFR 25Airworthiness Standards
maybeusedasabasisforselectingtestmethodswithadequate 29 CFR 1910Occupational Safety And Health Standards
reliability and sensitivity to assess the acceptability of aircraft
40 CFR 50National Ambient Air Quality Standards
cabin environments.
3. Terminology
1.8 Procedures described in this guide should be carried out
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
in consultation with qualified toxicologists and health effects
refer to Terminologies D1356, E609, and E943.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7034–05. DOI: AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
10.1520/D7034-11. 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7034 − 11
4. Summary of Guide 5.3 Animportantfeatureoftheaircraftcabinenvironmentis
that both passengers (public) and flight attendants (worker
4.1 Thepurposeofthisguideistoprovidemethodologyfor
population) occupy it simultaneousl
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7034–05 Designation:D7034–11
Standard Guide for
Deriving Acceptable Levels of Airborne Chemical
Contaminants in Aircraft Cabins Based on Health and
1
Comfort Considerations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7034; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides methodology to assist in interpreting results of air quality measurements conducted in aircraft cabins.
In particular, the guide describes methodology for deriving acceptable concentrations for airborne chemical contaminants, based
on health and comfort considerations.
1.2 The procedures for deriving acceptable concentrations are based on considerations of comfort and health effects, including
odor and irritant effects, of individual chemical contaminants being evaluated. The guide does not provide specific benchmark or
guidance values for individual chemicals to compare with results of air quality measurements.
1.3 Chemical contaminant exposures under both routine and episodic conditions for passengers and crew are considered.
1.4 This guide does not address airborne microbiological contaminants, which are also important in consideration of aircraft
cabin air quality. This guide also does not address methodologies for investigations of air quality complaints.
1.5 This guide assumes that a list of chemical contaminants of potential concern has been developed based on existing
concentration, emission, or material composition data.
1.6 The primary information resources for developing acceptable concentrations are databases and documents maintained or
published by cognizant authorities or organizations concerned with health effects of exposure to contaminants.
1.7 Acceptable concentrations developed through this guide may be used as a basis for selecting test methods with adequate
reliability and sensitivity to assess the acceptability of aircraft cabin environments.
1.8 Procedures described in this guide should be carried out in consultation with qualified toxicologists and health effects
specialists to ensure that acceptable concentrations developed are consistent with the current scientific understanding and
knowledge base.
1.9
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D6399 Guide for Selecting Instruments and Methods for Measuring Air Quality in Aircraft Cabins
E609 Terminology Relating to Pesticides
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate
3
2.2 Other Standards:
14 CFR 25 Airworthiness Standards
29 CFR 1910 Occupational Safety And Health Standards
40 CFR 50 National Ambient Air Quality Standards
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Sampling andAnalysis ofAtmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee onAir Quality
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved JanuaryMarch 1, 2005.2011. Published January 2005.March 2011. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20042005 as
D7034 - 045. DOI: 10.1520/D7034-05.10.1520/D7034-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7034–11
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to Terminologies D1356, E609, and E943.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide methodology for interpretation
...
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