ASTM D7034-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Deriving Acceptable Levels of Airborne Chemical Contaminants in Aircraft Cabins Based on Health and Comfort Considerations
Standard Guide for Deriving Acceptable Levels of Airborne Chemical Contaminants in Aircraft Cabins Based on Health and Comfort Considerations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Although cabin air quality has been measured on numerous occasions and in many studies, there is very little guidance available for interpreting such data. Guidance for identifying contaminants and associated exposure levels that would cause concern in aircraft cabins is very limited. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Airworthiness Standards (14 CFR 25) provide regulatory guidance that explicitly applies to the aircraft cabin environment. The FAA standards, however, define acceptable exposure limits for a limited number of chemical contaminants (ozone, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide). Another limitation of the FAA standards is that these are design standards only and are not operational standards; thus, once an aircraft is put in service these standards are not strictly applicable.
5.2 Measurements of aircraft cabin air quality often lead to a much larger list of volatile and semi-volatile organic chemicals of potential concern. Exposures to these chemicals, however, are largely unregulated outside of the industrial workplace.
5.3 An important feature of the aircraft cabin environment is that both passengers (public) and flight attendants (worker population) occupy it simultaneously. Therefore, workplace exposure guidelines cannot simply be extended to address exposures in aircraft cabin environment. Also, the length of flights and work shifts can vary considerably for flight attendants.
5.4 Contaminant levels of concern for the general public must account for the non-homogeneity of the population (for example, address sensitive individuals, the differences between passenger and crew activity levels, location, health status, personal microenvironment). Levels of concern associated with industrial workplace exposures typically consider a population of healthy adults exposed for 40 h per week (1).4 Consequently, exposure criteria developed to protect public health typically are more stringent than those for workers.
5.4.1 Given that the aircra...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides methodology to assist in interpreting results of air quality measurements conducted in aircraft cabins. In particular, the guide describes methodology for deriving acceptable concentrations for airborne chemical contaminants, based on health and comfort considerations.
1.2 The procedures for deriving acceptable concentrations are based on considerations of comfort and health effects, including odor and irritant effects, of individual chemical contaminants being evaluated. The guide does not provide specific benchmark or guidance values for individual chemicals to compare with results of air quality measurements.
1.3 Chemical contaminant exposures under both routine and episodic conditions for passengers and crew are considered.
1.4 This guide does not address airborne microbiological contaminants, which are also important in consideration of aircraft cabin air quality. This guide also does not address methodologies for investigations of air quality complaints.
1.5 This guide assumes that a list of chemical contaminants of potential concern has been developed based on existing concentration, emission, or material composition data.
1.6 The primary information resources for developing acceptable concentrations are databases and documents maintained or published by cognizant authorities or organizations concerned with health effects of exposure to contaminants.
1.7 Acceptable concentrations developed through this guide may be used as a basis for selecting test methods with adequate reliability and sensitivity to assess the acceptability of aircraft cabin environments.
1.8 Procedures described in this guide should be carried out in consultation with qualified toxicologists and health effects specialists to ensure that acceptable concentrations developed are consistent with the current scientific understanding and knowledge base.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regard...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7034 − 18
Standard Guide for
Deriving Acceptable Levels of Airborne Chemical
Contaminants in Aircraft Cabins Based on Health and
1
Comfort Considerations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7034; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope specialists to ensure that acceptable concentrations developed
are consistent with the current scientific understanding and
1.1 This guide provides methodology to assist in interpret-
knowledge base.
ing results of air quality measurements conducted in aircraft
cabins. In particular, the guide describes methodology for
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
deriving acceptable concentrations for airborne chemical
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
contaminants, based on health and comfort considerations.
standard.
1.2 The procedures for deriving acceptable concentrations
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
are based on considerations of comfort and health effects,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
including odor and irritant effects, of individual chemical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
contaminants being evaluated. The guide does not provide
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
specific benchmark or guidance values for individual chemi-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cals to compare with results of air quality measurements.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 Chemicalcontaminantexposuresunderbothroutineand
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
episodic conditions for passengers and crew are considered.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.4 This guide does not address airborne microbiological
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
contaminants, which are also important in consideration of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
aircraft cabin air quality. This guide also does not address
methodologies for investigations of air quality complaints.
2. Referenced Documents
1.5 This guide assumes that a list of chemical contaminants
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of potential concern has been developed based on existing
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
concentration, emission, or material composition data.
Atmospheres
1.6 The primary information resources for developing ac- D6399Guide for Selecting Instruments and Methods for
ceptable concentrations are databases and documents main- Measuring Air Quality in Aircraft Cabins
tained or published by cognizant authorities or organizations E609Terminology Relating to Pesticides
concerned with health effects of exposure to contaminants.
E943Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-
ronmental Fate
1.7 Acceptableconcentrationsdevelopedthroughthisguide
3
2.2 Other Standards:
maybeusedasabasisforselectingtestmethodswithadequate
14 CFR 25Airworthiness Standards
reliability and sensitivity to assess the acceptability of aircraft
29 CFR 1910Occupational Safety and Health Standards
cabin environments.
40 CFR 50National Ambient Air Quality Standards
1.8 Procedures described in this guide should be carried out
in consultation with qualified toxicologists and health effects
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved April 15, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7034–11. DOI: Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
10.1520/D7034-18. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7034 − 18
3. Terminology cals of potential concern. Exposures to these chemicals,
however, are largely unregulated outside of the industrial
3.1 Definit
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7034 − 11 D7034 − 18
Standard Guide for
Deriving Acceptable Levels of Airborne Chemical
Contaminants in Aircraft Cabins Based on Health and
1
Comfort Considerations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7034; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides methodology to assist in interpreting results of air quality measurements conducted in aircraft cabins.
In particular, the guide describes methodology for deriving acceptable concentrations for airborne chemical contaminants, based
on health and comfort considerations.
1.2 The procedures for deriving acceptable concentrations are based on considerations of comfort and health effects, including
odor and irritant effects, of individual chemical contaminants being evaluated. The guide does not provide specific benchmark or
guidance values for individual chemicals to compare with results of air quality measurements.
1.3 Chemical contaminant exposures under both routine and episodic conditions for passengers and crew are considered.
1.4 This guide does not address airborne microbiological contaminants, which are also important in consideration of aircraft
cabin air quality. This guide also does not address methodologies for investigations of air quality complaints.
1.5 This guide assumes that a list of chemical contaminants of potential concern has been developed based on existing
concentration, emission, or material composition data.
1.6 The primary information resources for developing acceptable concentrations are databases and documents maintained or
published by cognizant authorities or organizations concerned with health effects of exposure to contaminants.
1.7 Acceptable concentrations developed through this guide may be used as a basis for selecting test methods with adequate
reliability and sensitivity to assess the acceptability of aircraft cabin environments.
1.8 Procedures described in this guide should be carried out in consultation with qualified toxicologists and health effects
specialists to ensure that acceptable concentrations developed are consistent with the current scientific understanding and
knowledge base.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory requirementslimitations prior to use.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D6399 Guide for Selecting Instruments and Methods for Measuring Air Quality in Aircraft Cabins
E609 Terminology Relating to Pesticides
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011April 15, 2018. Published March 2011June 2018. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
D7034 – 05.D7034 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D7034-11.10.1520/D7034-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7034 − 18
3
2.2 Other Standards:
14 CFR 25 Airworthiness Standards
29 CFR 1910 Occupational Safety Andand Health Standards
40 CFR 50 National Ambient Air Quality Standards
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this gu
...
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