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ASTM D2070-91(2010)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils

Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Thermal stability characterizes physical and chemical property changes which may adversely affect an oil's lubricating performance. This test method evaluates the thermal stability of a hydraulic oil in the presence of copper and steel at 135°C. Rod colors are the evaluation criteria. Sludge values are reported for informational purposes. No correlation of the test to field service has been made.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed primarily to evaluate the thermal stability of hydrocarbon based hydraulic oils although oxidation may occur during the test.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2010
ICS
75.120 - Hydraulic fluids
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.N0 - Hydraulic Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2070-91(2006) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D2070-16 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils
Effective Date
15-Dec-2016
Referred By
ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6158-18 - Standard Specification for Mineral Hydraulic Oils
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8029-18 - Standard Specification for Biodegradable, Low Aquatic Toxicity Hydraulic Fluids
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010

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ASTM D2070-91(2010) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic OilsASTM D2070-91(2010) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils
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ASTM D2070-91(2010) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2070 − 91 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2070; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method is designed primarily to evaluate the 4.1 Thermal stability characterizes physical and chemical
thermal stability of hydrocarbon based hydraulic oils although property changes which may adversely affect an oil’s lubricat-
oxidation may occur during the test. ing performance. This test method evaluates the thermal
stability of a hydraulic oil in the presence of copper and steel
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
at 135°C. Rod colors are the evaluation criteria. Sludge values
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
are reported for informational purposes. No correlation of the
standard.
test to field service has been made.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 An aluminum block with equally spaced holes is used.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
An example is described in Fig. A1.1 of Annex A1.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Electric gravity convection oven capable of maintaining
2. Referenced Documents
the aluminum block at a test temperature of 135 °C 6 1 °C.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.2.1 Calibrated thermocouple and temperature indicator
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and centered in aluminum block.
Petroleum Products
5.3 250 mL Griffin beakers of borosilicate glass.
2.2 Copper Development Association Standard
5.4 Copper test specimens are to be UNS C11000, 99.9 %
UNS C11000 Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper
5 pure electrolytic tough pitch copper, 6.35 mm in diameter by
2.3 American Iron and Steel Institute Standard (AISI)
7.6 cm in length (0.25 in. by 3.0 in.).
W-1 Carbon Tool Steel
5.5 Steel test specimens are to be AISI W-1 1 % carbon
3. Summary of Test Method
steel, 6.35 mm in diameter 7.6 cm in length (0.25 in. by
3.0 in.).
3.1 A beaker containing test oil, copper and iron rods is
placed in an aluminum block in an electric gravity convection
5.6 Silicon carbide abrasive 320 grit with cloth backing.
oven for 168 h at a test temperature of 135 °C. At the
5.7 Crocus cloth.
completion of the test, the copper and steel rods are rated
6,7
5.8 No. 41 Whatman filter paper, 47 mm diameter.
visually for discoloration and the oil is analyzed for the
7,8
quantity of sludge.
5.9 Millipore filter, 8 micron Type SC, 47 mm diameter.
5.10 Millipore glass filter holder, 47 mm, Cat #XX10.04700
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
or equivalent.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
7,9
Subcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids. 5.11 Cincinnati Milacron color chart.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2070–91(2006).
DOI: 10.1520/D2070-91R10.
2 6
This procedure was adopted from the Cincinnati Milacron Thermal Stability The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
Test, Cincinnati Milacron Manual 10-SP-89050. is Whatman Int. Ltd., Maidstone, England.
3 7
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
the ASTM website. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
Available from Copper Development Assoc., 2 Greenwich Office Park, Box is Millipore Filter Corp., Bedford, MA.
1840, Greenwich, CT 06836. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 Connecticut is Cincinnati Milacron, 4701 Marburg Ave., Dept 97B Lubricants and Tribology,
Ave., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http://www.steel.org. Cincinnati, OH 45209.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2070 − 91 (2010)
5.12 25 mL pipette. 8.9 For each sample, dry a #41 Whatman filter for 1 h in an
oven at 70 °C and cool in a dessicator. Weigh to the nearest
6. Reagents
0.1 mg. Vacuum filter at a nominal 200 mm of Hg vacuum oil
6.1 Reagent Grade Heptane—(Warning—Flammable. through the pre-weighed #41 Whatman filter. Do not rinse the
beaker at this time. Remove the oil filtrate and set aside.
Health hazard.)
Replace the filter flask with a clean one and wash all remaining
6.2 Reagent Grade Acetone—(Warning—Flammable.
residue from the beaker with heptane. Wash the residue on the
Health hazard.)
filter paper with heptane until all evidence of oil is removed.
Oven dry the residue and filter paper at 70 °C, 1 h, allow to
7. Preparation of Apparatus
cool and weigh to nearest 0.1 mg. For each sample pre-weigh
7.1 Handletherodsatalltimesusingforcepsorcleancotton
an8micronMilliporefilterpadtothenearest0.1 mg.Fromthe
gloves.
oil filtrate, pipet 25 mL of oil and vacuum filter at a nominal
7.2 Catalyst Preparation—Clean the iron and copper cata-
200 mm of Hg vacuum through the pre-weighed 8 micron
lyst rods, whether new or previously used, prior to use. Clean
Millipore filter pad. Wash residue with heptane, air dry, and
the rods with the 320 silicon carbide abrasiv
...

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Standard Classification of Hydraulic Fluids for Environmental Impact

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification establishes categories of hydraulic fluids which are distinguished by their response to certain standardized laboratory procedures. These procedures indicate the possible response of some environmental compartments to the introduction of the hydraulic fluid. One set of procedures measures the aerobic aquatic biodegradability (environmental persistence) of the fluids and another set of procedures estimates the acute ecotoxicity effects of the fluids.  
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4.1.2 There is no relationship between the categories achieved by a hydraulic fluid for persistence and for ecotoxicity. The placing of a hydraulic fluid with regard to one set of categories has no predictive value as to its placement with regard to the other set of categories.  
4.2 The test procedures used to establish the categories of hydraulic fluids are laboratory standard tests and are not intended to simulate the natural environment. Definitive field studies capable of correlating test results with the actual environmental impact of hydraulic fluids are usually site specific and so are not directly applicable to this classification. Therefore, the categories established by this classification can serve only as guidance to estimate the actual impact that the hydraulic fluids might have on any particular environment.  
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1.3.1 Environmental persistence describes long term impact of hydraulic fluids to the environment. Environmental persistence is preferably measured by ultimate biodegradation but can also be measured by other means.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermal stability characterizes physical and chemical property changes which may adversely affect an oil's lubricating performance. This test method evaluates the thermal stability of a hydraulic oil in the presence of copper and steel at 135 °C. No correlation of the test to field service has been made.
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1.1 This test method2 is designed primarily to evaluate the thermal stability of hydrocarbon based hydraulic oils although oxidation may occur during the test.  
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5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including onsite in-service oil analysis laboratories.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration and particle size distribution in new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic purposes.  
1.2 Particles considered are in the range from 4 µm (c) to 200 µm (c) with the upper limit being dependent on the specific automatic particle counter being used.
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Standard Guide for Assessing Biodegradability of Hydraulic Fluids

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5.1 This guide discusses ways to assess the likelihood that a hydraulic fluid will undergo biodegradation if it enters an environment that is known to support biodegradation of some substances, for example the material used as the positive control in the test. The information can be used in making or assessing claims of biodegradability of a fluid formula.  
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