ASTM D6416/D6416M-16e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load
Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,
5.1.5 Panel strength, and
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D6416/D6416M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported
Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed
1
Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6416/D6416M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to the adjunct information in April 2021.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flex-
ural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a
2. Referenced Documents
distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square
2
panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
C365/C365M Test Method for Flatwise Compressive Prop-
distributedloadprovidedbyawater-filledbladder.Thistypeof
erties of Sandwich Cores
loadingdiffersfromtheprocedureofTestMethodC393,where
C393 Test Method for Core Shear Properties of Sandwich
concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in
Constructions by Beam Flexure
beam specimens.
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
thesandwichtypewhichinvolvearelativelythicklayerofcore
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face
Resins
sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material,
D2734 TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
fibers.
Materials
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
E251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Me-
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
tallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
E1237 Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
standard.
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Sandwich Plate Test Fixture and Hydromat Pressure Blad-
3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
der, ASTM D6416/D6416M
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
modulus fibers and their composites, as well as terms relating
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
to sandwich constructions. Terminology E6 defines terms
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
relating to mechanical testing. In the event of a conflict
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Sandwich Construction. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally Detailed drawings for the fabrication of the 500–mm test fixture and pressure
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6416/ bladder shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are available from ASTM Headquarters,
D6416M – 01(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D6416_D6416M-16E01. www.astm.org. Order Adjunct No. ADJD6416-E-PDF.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D6416/D6416M − 16
between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence 3.3.14 ω = experimentally determined deflection at center
e
over the other terminology standards. of test panel
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D6416/D6416M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported
Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed
1
Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6416/D6416M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to the adjunct information in April 2021.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flex-
ural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a
2. Referenced Documents
distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the
C365/C365M Test Method for Flatwise Compressive Prop-
distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of
erties of Sandwich Cores
loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where
C393 Test Method for Core Shear Properties of Sandwich
concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in
Constructions by Beam Flexure
beam specimens.
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face
Resins
sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material,
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
fibers.
Materials
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
E251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Me-
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
tallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
E1237 Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
standard.
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Sandwich Plate Test Fixture and Hydromat Pressure Blad-
3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
der, ASTM D6416/D6416M
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
modulus fibers and their composites, as well as terms relating
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
to sandwich constructions. Terminology E6 defines terms
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
relating to mechanical testing. In the event of a conflict
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Sandwich Construction. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally Detailed drawings for the fabrication of the 500–mm test fixture and pressure
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6416/ bladder shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are available from ASTM Headquarters,
D6416M – 01(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D6416_D6416M-16E01. www.astm.org. Order Adjunct No. ADJD6416-E-PDF.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D6416/D6416M − 16
between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence 3.3.14 ω = experimentally determined deflection at center
e
over the other terminology standards. of test panel.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4. Summary of Test Method
3.2.1 bending stiffness, n—t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D6416/D6416M − 16 D6416/D6416M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported
Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed
1
Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6416/D6416M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to the adjunct information in April 2021.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed
load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load
provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads
induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core
material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a
polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C365/C365M Test Method for Flatwise Compressive Properties of Sandwich Cores
C393 Test Method for Core Shear Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Beam Flexure
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Sandwich
Construction.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6416D6416/D6416M – 01/
D6416M – 01 (2012).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D6416_D6416M-16.10.1520/D6416_D6416M-16E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D6416/D6416M − 16
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
E1237 Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
3
Sandwich Plate Test Fixture and Hydromat Pressure Bladder, ASTM D6416/D6416M
3. Terminology
3.1 Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites, as well as terms relating to sandwich
constructions. Terminology E6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing. In the event of a conflict between terms, Terminology
D3878 shall have precedence over the other terminology standards.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.