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ASTM D6242-98(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)

Standard Test Method for Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method determines the ratio of mass/unit area of any nonwoven fabric. Many properties of nonwovens, including strength, thickness, porosity, tearing strength, and others are influenced by changes in mass/unit area. For this reason, many nonwovens specifications include targets and limits for this property, which may be verified using this procedure. Also, it is a useful procedure to use in controlling production of nonwovens and verifying the property of the material being delivered to the customer.
The procedure in this test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests in accordance with 5.2.1 are advisable.
5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using the procedures in this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the manufacturer should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimen then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate Student’t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the manufacturer must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mass/unit area of all nonwoven fabrics.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of mass/unit area of all nonwoven fabrics.
This test method is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.  
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
09-Apr-1998
Withdrawal Date
30-Sep-2008
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.90 - Executive
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6242-98 - Standard Test Method for Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998

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ASTM D6242-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)ASTM D6242-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)
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ASTM D6242-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6242–98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mass/unit 5.1 This test method determines the ratio of mass/unit area
area of all nonwoven fabrics. of any nonwoven fabric. Many properties of nonwovens,
1.2 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsorinch-poundunitsshallbe including strength, thickness, porosity, tearing strength, and
regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each others are influenced by changes in mass/unit area. For this
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system reason, many nonwovens specifications include targets and
must be used independently of the other, without combining limits for this property, which may be verified using this
values in any way. procedure. Also, it is a useful procedure to use in controlling
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the production of nonwovens and verifying the property of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the material being delivered to the customer.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.2 The procedure in this test method may be used for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- acceptance testing of commercial shipments, but caution is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. advised since information about between-laboratory precision
is incomplete. Comparative tests in accordance with 5.2.1 are
2. Referenced Documents
advisable.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
reported test results when using the procedures in this test
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precisions and Bias in
purchaser and the manufacturer should conduct comparative
ASTM Test Methods tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties
should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous
3. Terminology
as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of other textile terms used in
question. The test specimen then should be randomly assigned
this test method, refer to Terminology D 123.
in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
results from the two laboratories should be compared using the
3.2.1 nonwoven fabric, n—a textile structure produced by
appropriate Student’s t-test and an acceptable probability level
bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by
chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is
mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means or by a
found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the
combination thereof.
purchaser and the manufacturer must agree to interpret future
test results with consideration to the known bias.
4. Summary of Test Method
6. Apparatus
4.1 A specimen of specified area is weighed and the
mass/unit area calculated.
6.1 Balance, having a weighing accuracy of 6 0.0002 g.
6.2 Steel Rule, at least 30 cm (12 in.) in length, with
subdivisions of 0.5 mm (0.02 in.).
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.90 onExecutive
NOTE 1—The use of cutting dies of known dimensions is recommended
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published September 1998.
for cutting the test specimens required in 7.3.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6242–98 (2004)
7. Sampling 8.3 Upon written agreement between partied involved in the
testing, such as a material specification, contract or similar
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
document, the conditioning specified in 8.1 and 8.2 may be
take at random the number of rolls, or pieces, of nonwoven
omitted.
fabric directed in an applicable material specification or other
agreement between the purchaser and the supplies. Consider
9. Procedure
the rolls, or pieces, of nonwoven fabric to be the primary
9.1 Determine the length and width of each of the speci-
sampling units. In the absence of such an agreement, take the
mens to 6 0.5 mm (6 0.02 in.).
number of nonwoven fabric rolls specified in Table 1.
9.2 Weigh each of the conditioned specimens separately on
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
a calibrated balance to the nearest 0.1 %.
purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
rolls or pieces of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll
10. Calculation
or pieces of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful
producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting
10.1 Calculate the area of each specimen using the follow-
quality level.
ing equation:
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For the laboratory sample, take a
A 5 L 3 W (1)
full width swatch of sufficient length along the selvag
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of such textile materials as gas filters, fabrics for air bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage, and vacuum cleaners. In filtration, for example, efficiency is directly related to air permeability. Air permeability also can be used to provide an indication of the breathability of weather-resistant and rainproof fabrics, or of coated fabrics in general, and to detect changes during the manufacturing process.  
5.3 Performance specifications, both industrial and military, have been prepared on the basis of air permeability and are used in the purchase of fabrics where permeability is of interest.  
5.4 Construction factors and finishing techniques can have an appreciable effect upon air permeability by causing a change in the length of airflow paths through a fabric. Hot calendaring can be used to flatten fabric components, thus reducing...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the air permeability of textile fabrics.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3786/D3786M-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of end uses.  
5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actual performance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3786 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
Note 2: The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as described in this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.  
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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