ASTM F2111-22

Standard Practice for Measuring Intergranular Attack or End Grain Pitting on Metals Caused by Aircraft Chemical Processes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 If not properly qualified, chemicals and chemical processes can attack metals used during aircraft maintenance and production. It is important to qualify only processes and chemical formulas that do not have any deleterious effects on aircraft metallic skins, fittings, components, and structures. This test procedure is used to detect and measure intergranular attack or pitting depth caused by aircraft maintenance chemical processes, hence, this test procedure is useful in selecting a process that will not cause intergranular attack or end grain pitting on aircraft alloys.  
4.2 The purpose of this practice is to aid in the qualification or process conformance testing or production of maintenance chemicals for use on aircraft.  
4.2.1 Actual aircraft processes in the production environment shall give the most representative results; however, the test results cannot be completely evaluated with respect to ambient conditions which normally vary from day to day. Additionally, when testing chemicals requiring dilutions, water quality and composition can play a role in the corrosion rates and mechanism affecting the results.  
4.2.2 Some examples of maintenance and production chemicals include: organic solvents, paint strippers, cleaners, deoxidizers, water-based or semi-aqueous cleaners, or etching solutions and chemical milling solutions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing and measuring intergranular attack (IGA) and end grain pitting on aircraft metals and alloys caused by maintenance or production chemicals.  
1.2 The standard does not purport to address all qualification testing parameters, methods, critical testing, or criteria for aircraft production or maintenance chemical qualifications. Specific requirements and acceptance testing along with associated acceptance criteria shall be found where applicable in procurement specifications, materials specifications, appropriate process specifications, or previously agreed upon specifications.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2022
• ICS: 19.040 - Environmental testing
• ICS: 49.025.01 - Materials for aerospace construction in general
• Technical Committee: F07 - Aerospace and Aircraft
• Drafting Committee: F07.07 - Qualification Testing of Aircraft Cleaning Materials

Relations

• Refers: ASTM G46-94(2013) - Standard Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM G1-03(2011) - Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Refers: ASTM E3-01(2007)e1 - Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Refers: ASTM E3-01(2007) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Refers: ASTM G15-07 - Standard Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Refers: ASTM G15-06 - Standard Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2006
• Refers: ASTM G15-05 - Standard Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2005
• Refers: ASTM G46-94(2005) - Standard Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion
• Effective Date: 01-May-2005
• Refers: ASTM G15-04 - Standard Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2004
• Refers: ASTM G1-03 - Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Refers: ASTM G15-03a - Standard Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2003
• Refers: ASTM G15-03 - Standard Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Refers: ASTM G15-02 - Standard Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Refers: ASTM E3-01 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Refers: ASTM E3-95 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001

Overview

ASTM F2111-22 is the Standard Practice for Measuring Intergranular Attack or End Grain Pitting on Metals Caused by Aircraft Chemical Processes, developed by ASTM International. This standard provides essential procedures and guidance for evaluating the effects of chemical processes on aircraft metals and alloys, particularly identifying and measuring intergranular attack (IGA) and end grain pitting. The purpose is to ensure that only chemical processes and materials that do not cause harmful degradation or corrosion to aircraft components are qualified for use in aerospace maintenance and production.

Key Topics

• Intergranular Attack (IGA) and End Grain Pitting: The practice outlines testing methods for detecting and measuring these types of corrosion, which can compromise the structural integrity of metallic aircraft components.
• Qualification and Conformance: The procedures help establish whether maintenance and production chemicals are suitable for use on sensitive aircraft metals, contributing to aircraft safety and reliability.
• Test Procedures: Standardized sample preparation, exposure conditions, and metallographic evaluation methods are provided, ensuring consistent and reliable results across laboratories.
• Reporting Requirements: Clear guidelines for documenting test conditions, specimen details, chemical identification, and corrosion measurements.
• Process Suitability: Supports the selection of cleaning agents, paint strippers, deoxidizers, etching solutions, and other chemicals, ensuring processes do not introduce pitting corrosion or intergranular attack.

Applications

ASTM F2111-22 is highly relevant for aerospace manufacturers, maintenance organizations, testing laboratories, and chemical suppliers operating in the aircraft industry. Practical applications include:

• Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals: Qualification of new or existing cleaning agents, paint removers, etchants, deoxidizers, and related chemicals before use in maintenance processes.
• Production Process Evaluation: Assessing the impact of chemical processing on aircraft-grade metals during component manufacturing.
• Material Selection: Screening new alloys or alternative metallic materials for susceptibility to chemical attack in aircraft environments.
• Conformance Testing: Ensuring that chemical processes in maintenance operations remain within acceptable standards for metal integrity.
• Quality Assurance: Providing documented evidence that processes do not cause deleterious effects on structural components, minimizing risk of corrosion-related failures.

By systematically measuring intergranular attack and pitting, the standard helps organizations prevent costly damage and maintain compliance with industry best practices for corrosion control in aerospace systems.

Related Standards

Several other standards complement ASTM F2111-22 in the assessment and management of corrosion in aircraft materials:

• ASTM E3: Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens, which details specimen preparation methods for evaluation.
• ASTM G1: Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens, offering best practices for handling test materials.
• ASTM G46: Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion, which can serve as an alternative for evaluating pitting.
• ASME B46.1: Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay), referenced for surface finish requirements on test specimens.
• Procurement and Process Specifications: For critical qualification and acceptance parameters, users are directed to relevant material and process specifications linked to specific aircraft applications.

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Keywords: aircraft chemical processes, intergranular attack, end grain pitting, pitting corrosion, metallographic inspection, aerospace maintenance, alloy qualification, ASTM F2111-22, corrosion testing, aircraft metal protection.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2111 − 22
Standard Practice for
Measuring Intergranular Attack or End Grain Pitting on
Metals Caused by Aircraft Chemical Processes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G1Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
sion Test Specimens
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing and
G15TerminologyRelatingtoCorrosionandCorrosionTest-
measuring intergranular attack (IGA) and end grain pitting on
ing (Withdrawn 2010)
aircraftmetalsandalloyscausedbymaintenanceorproduction
G46Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Cor-
chemicals.
rosion
1.2 The standard does not purport to address all qualifica-
2.2 ASME Standard:
tion testing parameters, methods, critical testing, or criteria for
B46.1Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and
aircraft production or maintenance chemical qualifications.
Lay)
Specific requirements and acceptance testing along with asso-
ciated acceptance criteria shall be found where applicable in
3. Terminology
procurement specifications, materials specifications, appropri-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ate process specifications, or previously agreed upon specifi-
3.1.1 longitudinal grain direction (L), n—the dimension
cations.
parallel to the rolling or extruded direction of the extrusion in
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
the original shape.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.1.2 long transverse (LT), n—the longest dimension per-
information only.
pendicular to the rolling or extruded direction of the extrusion
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in the original shape.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 pit, n—a depression or cavity with a width to depth
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ratio of <6 to 1.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.4 short transverse (ST), n—the shortest dimension per-
pendicular to the rolling or extruded direction of the extrusion
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- in the original shape.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.5 surface roughness (R ), n—filtered mean line µin.
a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(µm) as defined in ASME B46.1, Surface Texture.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 If not properly qualified, chemicals and chemical pro-
2. Referenced Documents
cesses can attack metals used during aircraft maintenance and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
production. It is important to qualify only processes and
E3Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
chemical formulas that do not have any deleterious effects on
aircraft metallic skins, fittings, components, and structures.
This test procedure is used to detect and measure intergranular
attackorpittingdepthcausedbyaircraftmaintenancechemical
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F07 on Aerospace
and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.07 on Qualifica-
processes, hence, this test procedure is useful in selecting a
tion Testing of Aircraft Cleaning Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published January 2023. Originally
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F2111–01a(2017).
DOI: 10.1520/F2111-22. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.astm.org.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
the ASTM website. www.asme.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2111−22
process that will not cause intergranular attack or end grain 7. Procedure
pitting on aircraft alloys.
7.1 Expose entire specimen with polished Face A to the
4.2 The purpose of this practice is to aid in the qualification chemical process in question. For temperature-controlled
or process conformance testing or production of maintenance tanks,usethehighesttemperatureassociatedwiththechemical
chemicals for use on aircraft. process. Process specimens through all operations including
4.2.1 Actual aircraft processes in the production environ- precleaning,postrinsing,andsoforth,forthetimenecessaryto
ment shall give the most representative results; however, the remove the amount of meta
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2111 − 01a (Reapproved 2017) F2111 − 22
Standard Practice for
Measuring Intergranular Attack or End Grain Pitting on
Metals Caused by Aircraft Chemical Processes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing and measuring intergranular attack (IGA) and end grain pitting on aircraft
metals and alloys caused by maintenance or production chemicals.
1.2 The standard does not purport to address all qualification testing parameters, methods, critical testing, or criteria for aircraft
production or maintenance chemical qualifications. Specific requirements and acceptance testing along with associated acceptance
criteria shall be found where applicable in procurement specifications, materials specifications, appropriate process specifications,
or previously agreed upon specifications.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing (Withdrawn 2010)
G46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion
2.2 ASME Standard:
B46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay)
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.07 on Qualification
Testing of Aircraft Cleaning Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2022. Published July 2017January 2023. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
F2111 – 01a (2011).(2017). DOI: 10.1520/F2111-01AR17.10.1520/F2111-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2111 − 22
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 longitudinal grain direction (L)—(L), n—the dimension parallel to the rolling or extruded direction of the extrusion in the
original shape.
3.1.2 long transverse (LT)—(LT), n—the longest dimension perpendicular to the rolling or extruded direction of the extrusion in
the original shape.
3.1.3 pit—pit, n—a depression or cavity with a width to depth ratio of <6 to 1.
3.1.4 short transverse (ST)—(ST), n—the shortest dimension perpendicular to the rolling or extruded direction of the extrusion in
the original shape.
3.1.5 surface roughness (R )—), n—filtered mean line μin. (μm) as defined in ASME B46.1, Surface Texture.
a
4. Significance and Use
4.1 If not properly qualified, chemicals and chemical processes can attack metals used during aircraft maintenance and production.
It is important to qualify only processes and chemical formulas that do not have any deleterious effects on aircraft metallic skins,
fittings, components, and structures. This test procedure is used to detect and measure intergranular attack or pitting depth caused
by aircraft maintenance chemical processes, hence, this test procedure is useful in selecting a process that will not cause
intergranular attack or end grain pitting on aircraft alloys.
4.2 The purpose of this practice is to aid in the qualification or process conformance testing or production of maintenance
chemicals for use on aircraft.
4.2.1 Actual aircraft processes in the production environment shall give the most representative results; however, the test results
cannot be completely evaluated with respect to ambient conditions which normally vary from day to day. Additionally, when
testing chemicals requiring dilutions, water quality and composition can play a role in the corrosion rates and mechanism affecting
the results.
4.2.2 Some examples of maintenance and production chemicals include: organic solvents, paint strippers, cleaners, deoxidizers,
water-based or semi-aqueous cleaners, or etching solutions and chemical milling solutions.
5. Apparatus and Materials
5.1 Metallurgical Microscope, capable of 500× or greater magnification with scaled filar units in microscope eyepiece.
5.2 Metallurgical Polishing Wheel, capable of polishing tes
...