ASTM D7314-10

Standard Practice for Determination of the Heating Value of Gaseous Fuels using Calorimetry and On-line/At-line Sampling

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
On-line, at-line, in-line and other near-real time monitoring systems that measure fuel gas characteristics such as heating value are prevalent in various gaseous fuel industries and in industries either producing or using gaseous fuel in their industrial processes. The installation and operation of particular systems vary depending on process type, regulatory requirements, and the user’s objectives and performance requirements. This practice is intended to provide guidance for standardized start-up procedures, operating procedures, and quality assurance practices for calorimeter based on-line, at-line, in-line and other near-real time heating value monitoring systems. Users employing gas chromatographic based instrumentation for measurement of gaseous fuel heating value are referred to Practice D7164.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is for the determination of the heating value measurement of gaseous fuels using a calorimeter. Heating value determination of sample gasses containing water vapor will require vapor phase moisture measurements of the pre-combustion sample gas as well as the non-condensed gasses exiting the calorimeter. Instruments equipped with appropriate conditioners and algorithms may provide heating value results on a net or gross and dry or wet basis.
1.2 This practice is applicable to at-line and in-line instruments that are operated from time to time on a continuous basis.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2009
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• Technical Committee: D03 - Gaseous Fuels
• Drafting Committee: D03.12 - On-Line/At-Line Analysis of Gaseous Fuels

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7314-08 - Standard Practice for Determination of the Heating Value of Gaseous Fuels using Calorimetry and On-line/At-line Sampling
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7314 − 10
StandardPractice for
Determination of the Heating Value of Gaseous Fuels using
1
Calorimetry and On-line/At-line Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7314; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4891 Test Method for Heating Value of Gases in Natural
Gas and Flare Gases Range by Stoichiometric Combus-
1.1 This practice is for the determination of the heating
tion
value measurement of gaseous fuels using a calorimeter.
D5287 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Gaseous Fuels
Heatingvaluedeterminationofsamplegassescontainingwater
D5503 Practice for Natural Gas Sample-Handling and Con-
vapor will require vapor phase moisture measurements of the
ditioning Systems for Pipeline Instrumentation
pre-combustion sample gas as well as the non-condensed
D6122 Practice for Validation of the Performance of Multi-
gasses exiting the calorimeter. Instruments equipped with
variate Online,At-Line, and Laboratory Infrared Spectro-
appropriate conditioners and algorithms may provide heating
photometer Based Analyzer Systems
value results on a net or gross and dry or wet basis.
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
1.2 This practice is applicable to at-line and in-line instru-
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
ments that are operated from time to time on a continuous
Measurement System Performance
basis.
D6621 Practice for Performance Testing of Process Analyz-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as ers for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Materials
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this D7164 Practice for On-line/At-line Heating Value Determi-
standard. nation of Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography
3
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 14532 Natural gas – Vocabulary
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- ISO 7504 Gas analysis – Vocabulary
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 at-line instrument, n—See Terminology D4150, Sec-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion 3.
D1070 Test Methods for Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
3.1.2 auto-verification, n—an automated means of introduc-
D1826 TestMethodforCalorific(Heating)ValueofGasesin
ing Calibration Gas Mixtures or Reference Gas Mixtures into
Natural Gas Range by Continuous Recording Calorimeter
an analyzer for the purposes of verifying the analyzer response
D3588 Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility
without making any adjustments to the calibration parameters
Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
of the analyzer.
D3764 Practice forValidation of the Performance of Process
Stream Analyzer Systems
3.1.3 bypass line, n—Line ultimately vented to the atmo-
D4150 Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
spherethatisusedwhereitisimpracticaltoprovideasufficient
pressure differential.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The flowrate and pressure loss in the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on Gaseous
open-ended line needs to be controlled so as to ensure that the
Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.12 on On-Line/At-Line
sample accuracy is not affected from any cooling and conden-
Analysis of Gaseous Fuels.
sation or both (reference ISO 14532 paragraph 2.3.2.9).
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally
approved in 2008. last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7314.-08 DOI:
10.1520/D7314-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
the ASTM website. www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D7314 − 10
3.1.4 calibration gas mixture, n—a certified gas mixture 4.2 The heating value is calculated based upon the instru-
with known composition used for the calibration of a measur- ment’s response to changes in the heating value of the sample
ing instrument or for the validation of a measurement or gas gas using an algorithm.
analytical method.
4
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7314–08 Designation:D7314–10
Standard Practice for
Determination of the Heating Value of Gaseous Fuels using
1
Calorimetry and On-line/At-line Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7314; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is for the determination of the heating value measurement of gaseous fuels using a calorimeter. Heating value
determination of sample gasses containing water vapor will require vapor phase moisture measurements of the pre-combustion
sample gas as well as the non-condensed gasses exiting the calorimeter. Instruments equipped with appropriate conditioners and
algorithms may provide heating value results on a net or gross and dry or wet basis.
1.2 This practice is applicable to at-line and in-line instruments that are operated from time to time on a continuous basis.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1070 Test Methods for Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
D1826 Test Method for Calorific (Heating) Value of Gases in Natural Gas Range by Continuous Recording Calorimeter
D3588 Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
D3764 Practice for Validation of the Performance of Process Stream Analyzer Systems
D4150 Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
D4891 Test Method for Heating Value of Gases in Natural Gas Range by Stoichiometric Combustion
D5287 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Gaseous Fuels
D5503 Practice for Natural Gas Sample-Handling and Conditioning Systems for Pipeline Instrumentation
D6122 Practice forValidation of the Performance of Multivariate Process Infrared Spectrophotometer BasedAnalyzer Systems
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
D6621 Practice for Performance Testing of Process Analyzers for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Materials
D7164 Practice for On-line/At-line Heating Value Determination of Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 14532 Natural gas – Vocabulary
ISO 7504 Gas analysis – Vocabulary
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 at-line instrument, n—See Terminology D4150, Section 3.
3.1.2 auto-verification, n—an automated means of introducing Calibration Gas Mixtures or Reference Gas Mixtures into an
analyzer for the purposes of verifying the analyzer response without making any adjustments to the calibration parameters of the
analyzer.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.12 on On-Line/At-LineAnalysis
of Gaseous Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008. DOI: 10.1520/D7314-08.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally approved in 2008. last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7314.-08 DOI:
10.1520/D7314-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D7314–10
3.1.3 bypass line, n—Lineultimatelyventedtotheatmospherethatisusedwhereitisimpracticaltoprovideasufficientpressure
differential.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Theflowrateandpressurelossintheopen-endedlineneedstobecontrolledsoastoensurethatthesample
accuracy is not affected from
...