ASTM E1333-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood Products Using a Large Chamber
Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood Products Using a Large Chamber
ABSTRACT
This test method measures the formaldehyde concentration in air and emission rate from wood products containing formaldehyde by the use of a large chamber under specific test conditions of temperature and relative humidity, or conditions designed to simulate product use. This method employs a single set of environmental conditions but different product loading ratios to assess formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from certain wood products. The conditions controlled in the procedure are the conditioning of specimens prior to testing, exposed surface area of the specimens in the test chamber, test chamber temperature and relative humidity, number of air changes per hour, and air circulation within the chamber. At the end of a specified time period in the test chamber, the air is sampled, and the concentration of formaldehyde in the air and emission rate are determined.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Significance and Use:
4.1.1 Limitations on formaldehyde concentrations in air have been established for some building products permanently installed in manufactured and conventional homes. This test method provides a standard means of testing typical product sizes, such as 1.2 by 2.4 m (4 by 8 ft) sheets, at product loadings consistent with product end use.
4.2 Summary of Test Method:
4.2.1 This test method incorporates a chamber of 22 m3 (800 ft3) minimum size to evaluate formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from building products over a specified duration of time. This test method employs a single set of environmental conditions but different product loading ratios to assess formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from certain wood products. Conditions controlled in the procedure are as follows:
4.2.1.1 Conditioning of specimens prior to testing,
4.2.1.2 Exposed surface area of the specimens in the test chamber,
4.2.1.3 Test chamber temperature and relative humidity,
4.2.1.4 Number of air changes per hour, and
4.2.1.5 Air circulation within the chamber.
4.2.1.6 At the end of a 16 to 20-h period in the test chamber, the air is sampled and the concentration of formaldehyde in air and emission rate are determined.
Note 3: Care must be exercised in the extension of the results to formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from products under different conditions of air change rate or loading ratio, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentration in air and emission rate from wood products containing formaldehyde under conditions designed to simulate product use (see 11.5 and Note 9). The concentration in air and emission rate is determined in a large chamber under specific test conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The general procedures are also intended for testing product combinations at product-loading ratios and at air-exchange rates typical of the indoor environment (1).2 The products tested, the loading ratios and the air exchange rates employed are described in the test report.
1.2 This test method determines the average formaldehyde concentration in air and emission rate from a number of large size samples. The average concentration and emission rate reported, thus, will not provide information on higher or lower emitting panels in the test lot.
1.3 This method is primarily used for testing newly manufactured panel products that are shipped for testing either seal-wrapped in polyethylene or with waster sheets, or with both. When this test method is used for evaluating other than newly manufactured panel products (after original application, installation or use), the method of packaging and shipping the product for testing shall be described in the test report.
1.4 The quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample taken from the chamber is determined by an adaptation of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) chromotropic acid test procedure. If anoth...
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Designation: E1333 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and
Emission Rates from Wood Products Using a Large
1
Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1333; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) (seeTest Method D5197) and
3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline(MBTH)(seeTestMethodD5014)
1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentra-
have been found to give results equivalent or greater in
tion in air and emission rate from wood products containing
accuracy and precision than chromotropic acid.The test report
formaldehyde under conditions designed to simulate product
shall note the analytical procedure employed.
use (see 11.5 and Note 9). The concentration in air and
3
emission rate is determined in a large chamber under specific
NOTE1— Thechromotropicacidanalyticalproceduredescribedinthis
test method is applicable for testing urea-formaldehyde bonded wood
test conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The
products.According to NIOSH (4th Edition, 8/15/94), the low end of the
general procedures are also intended for testing product com-
workingrangeforthechromotropicacidanalyticalprocedureis0.02ppm.
binations at product-loading ratios and at air-exchange rates
A more sensitive analytical procedure is recommended for testing wood
2
typicaloftheindoorenvironment (1). Theproductstested,the
panelproductswhereformaldehydeconcentrationsinairareanticipatedto
loading ratios and the air exchange rates employed are de-
be at or below this level. DNPH is recognized as such a method.
scribed in the test report.
1.5 This test method is used to determine compliance with
1.2 This test method determines the average formaldehyde requirements such as those established for building materials
concentration in air and emission rate from a number of large by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
size samples. The average concentration and emission rate (HUD) Rules and Regulations, HUD24CFR3280, for manu-
reported, thus, will not provide information on higher or lower factured housing, by MinnesotaStatutesSection144.495 and
emitting panels in the test lot. California Air Resources Board (CARB), California Code of
Regulations sections 93120-93120.12, title 17,Airborne Toxic
1.3 This method is primarily used for testing newly manu-
Control Measure to Reduce Formaldehyde Emissions from
factured panel products that are shipped for testing either
Composite Wood Products. Measurement results are also used
seal-wrapped in polyethylene or with waster sheets, or with
for comparing concentrations in air and emission rates from
both. When this test method is used for evaluating other than
different wood products (2) and for determining compliance
newly manufactured panel products (after original application,
with product standards.
installation or use), the method of packaging and shipping the
product for testing shall be described in the test report. 1.6 Thistestmethodisnotdesignedfordetermininggeneral
organic emissions from all indoor materials and products.
1.4 The quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample taken
from the chamber is determined by an adaptation of the
NOTE 2—ASTM CommitteeD22 has developed Guide D5116 which
NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth(NIOSH) describes small-scale environmental equipment and techniques suitable
for determining organic emissions and emission rates from materials and
chromotropic acid test procedure. If another analytical proce-
products used indoors.
dure is used to determine the quantity of formaldehyde in the
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
air sample, that procedure shall give results of equivalent or
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
greater accuracy and precision than the adapted chromotropic
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
acid procedure. Detailed procedures based on acetylacetone,
tion only and are not considered standard.
pararosaniline (see Test Method D5221), 2,4-
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1333–10. DOI:
3
10.1520/E1333-14. The notes appearing in this test method are not part of the mandatory sections
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1333 − 10 E1333 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and
Emission Rates from Wood Products Using a Large
1
Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1333; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentration in air and emission rate from wood products containing
formaldehyde under conditions designed to simulate product use (see 11.5 and Note 9). The concentration in air and emission rate
is determined in a large chamber under specific test conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The general procedures are
also intended for testing product combinations at product-loading ratios and at air-exchange rates typical of the indoor environment
2
(1). The products tested, the loading ratios and the air exchange rates employed are described in the test report.
1.2 This test method determines the average formaldehyde concentration in air and emission rate from a number of large size
samples. The average concentration and emission rate reported, thus, will not provide information on higher or lower emitting
panels in the test lot.
1.3 This method is primarily used for testing newly manufactured panel products that are shipped for testing either seal-wrapped
in polyethylene or with waster sheets, or with both. When this test method is used for evaluating other than newly manufactured
panel products (after original application, installation or use), the method of packaging and shipping the product for testing shall
be described in the test report.
1.4 The quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample taken from the chamber is determined by an adaptation of the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) chromotropic acid test procedure. If another analytical procedure is used
to determine the quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample, that procedure shall give results of equivalent or greater accuracy and
precision than the adapted chromotropic acid procedure. Detailed procedures based on acetylacetone, pararosaniline (see Test
Method D5221), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) (see Test Method D5197) and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline (MBTH) (see Test
Method D5014) have been found to give results equivalent or greater in accuracy and precision than chromotropic acid. The test
report shall note the analytical procedure employed.
3
NOTE 1— The chromotropic acid analytical procedure described in this test method is applicable for testing urea-formaldehyde bonded wood products.
According to NIOSH (4th Edition, 8/15/94), the low end of the working range for the chromotropic acid analytical procedure is 0.02 ppm. A more
sensitive analytical procedure is recommended for testing wood panel products where formaldehyde concentrations in air are anticipated to be at or below
this level. DNPH is recognized as such a method.
1.5 This test method is used to determine compliance with requirements such as those established for building materials by the
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Rules and Regulations, HUD 24 CFR 3280, for manufactured
housing and by Minnesota Statutes Section 144.495. housing, by Minnesota Statutes Section 144.495 and California Air Resources
Board (CARB), California Code of Regulations sections 93120-93120.12, title 17, Airborne Toxic Control Measure to Reduce
Formaldehyde Emissions from Composite Wood Products. Measurement results are also used for comparing concentrations in air
and emission rates from different wood products (2) and for determining compliance with product standards.
1.6 This test method is not designed for determining general organic emissions from all indoor materials and products.
NOTE 2—ASTM Committee D22 has developed Guide D5116 which describes small-scale environmental equipment and techniques suitable for
determining organic emissions and emission rates from materials and products used indoors.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2014. Published June 2010December 2014. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
E1333 – 96 (2002).E1333 – 10.
...
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