ASTM D7110-05a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Viscosity-Temperature Relationship of Used and Soot-Containing Engine Oils at Low Temperatures
Standard Test Method for Determining the Viscosity-Temperature Relationship of Used and Soot-Containing Engine Oils at Low Temperatures
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers how to measure the apparent viscosity of used and soot-containing engine oils at low temperatures.
1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.2 s-1 is produced at shear stresses below 200 Pa. Apparent viscosity is measured continuously as the sample is cooled at a rate of 3C per hour over the range of 5 to 40C.
1.3 The measurements resulting from this test method are viscosity, the maximum rate of viscosity increase (Gelation Index) and the temperature at which the Gelation Index occurs.
1.4 Applicability to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.
1.5 The values states in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D7110–05a
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Viscosity-Temperature Relationship of Used
1
and Soot-Containing Engine Oils at Low Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers how to measure the apparent
viscosity of used and soot-containing engine oils at low
3. Terminology
temperatures.
-1 3.1 Definitions:
1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.2 s is produced at
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—theviscosityobtainedbyuseof
shear stresses below 200 Pa. Apparent viscosity is measured
this test method.
continuously as the sample is cooled at a rate of 3°C per hour
3.1.1.1 Discussion—See3.1.6fordefinitionofviscosityand
over the range of −5 to −40°C.
units.
1.3 The measurements resulting from this test method are
3.1.2 Newtonian oil, n—an oil that, at a given temperature,
viscosity, the maximum rate of viscosity increase (Gelation
exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates or shear stresses.
Index)andthetemperatureatwhichtheGelationIndexoccurs.
3.1.3 non-Newtonian oil, n—an oil that, at a given tempera-
1.4 Applicability to petroleum products other than engine
ture, exhibits a viscosity that varies with shear stress or shear
oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.
rate.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.4 shear rate, n—velocity gradient perpendicular to the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
direction of flow.
standard.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The SI unit for shear rate is the recip-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
-1
rocal second (1/s; also s ).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 shear stress, n—force per unit area in the direction of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
flow.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The SI unit for shear stress is the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pascal (Pa).
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.6 viscosity, n—that property of a fluid which resists
2 flow.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Viscosity is defined as the ratio of the
D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid
applied shear stress (force causing flow) and the shear rate
Petroleum Products
(resultant velocity of flow per unit distance from a stationary
D3829 Test Method for Predicting the Borderline Pumping
surface wet by the fluid). Mathematically expressed:
Temperature of Engine Oil
D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and viscosity 5shearstress/shearrateor,symbolically,h5t/G (1)
Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
in which the symbols in the second portion of Eq 1 are
definedby3.1.4and3.1.5.TheSIunitforviscosityusedherein
is millipascal seconds (mPa·s).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.2.1 air-binding oils, n—those engine oils whose border-
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
linepumpingtemperaturesaredeterminedbyacombinationof
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
gelation and viscous flow.
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7110–05. DOI:
10.1520/D7110-05A.
3.2.2 borderline pumping temperature, n—that temperature
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
at which an engine oil may have such poor flow characteristics
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
that the engine oil pump may not be capable of supplying
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sufficient lubricant to the engine.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D7110–05a
3.2.3 calibration oil, n—Newtonian oils developed and 3.2.14 temperature controller, n—a programmable device
used to calibrate the viscometer drive module over the viscos- which, when properly programmed, ramps the temperature
ity range required for this test method. upward or downward at a chosen rate or series of steps while
3.2.3.1 Discussion—These calibration oils are specially simultaneously controlling
...
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