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ASTM D6751-06e1

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers biodiesel (B100) Grades S15 and S500 for use as a blend component with diesel fuel oils defined by Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D.
1.2 Biodiesel may be blended with fuel oils whose sulfur or aromatic levels are outside Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D, provided the finished mixture meets pertinent national and local specifications and requirements for these properties.
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of biodiesel fuel at the time and place of delivery.
1.4 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
Note 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2006
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6751-03a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D6751-06a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7689-21 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7963-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Contamination Level of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Middle Distillate and Residual Fuels Using Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5771-21 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7501-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Fuel Filter Blocking Potential of Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) by Cold Soak Filtration Test (CSFT)
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7371-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7042-21a - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D2274-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7683-21 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Small Test Jar Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8274-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil by Portable Rapid Mid-Infrared Analyzer
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7806-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) and Triglyceride Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR Transmission Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM E1259-23 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Antimicrobials in Liquid Fuels Boiling Below 390 °C
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7619-22 - Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7398-21 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-May-2006

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ASTM D6751-06e1 - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsASTM D6751-06e1 - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
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ASTM D6751-06e1 - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
e1
Designation: D 6751 – 06
Standard Specification for
Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate
1
Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Totalcombinedsodiumpluspotassiumcontentof5ppmmaxaddedtoTable1andX1.15andapprovedinMay2006.
1. Scope* D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
1.1 This specification covers biodiesel (B100) Grades S15
D 189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of
and S500 for use as a blend component with diesel fuel oils
Petroleum Products
defined by Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
sulfur 1-D and 2-D.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.2 Biodiesel may be blended with fuel oils whose sulfur or
ity)
aromatic levels are outside Specification D 975 Grades 1-D,
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
2-D,andlowsulfur1-Dand2-D,providedthefinishedmixture
Petroleum Products
meets pertinent national and local specifications and require-
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
ments for these properties.
D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of PetroleumProducts
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-
by Potentiometric Titration
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the
D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
required properties of biodiesel fuel at the time and place of
and Additives
delivery.
D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
1.4 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
Indicator Titration
of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
restrictive.
D 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-
NOTE 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
late Fuels
problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may
D 1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
at Reduced Pressure
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
(Lamp Method)
only.
D 1796 TestMethodforWaterandSedimentinFuelOilsby
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
2. Referenced Documents
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
Closed Cup Tester
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
D3117 Test Method forWaxAppearance Point of Distillate
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originally
Fuels
approved in 1999 as PS 121–99.Adopted as a standard in 2002 as D 6751–02. Last
previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6751–03a.
D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
lometry
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. D 3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
D6751–06
A
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Biodiesel (B100)
Grade S15 Grade S500
B
Property Test Method Units
Limits Limits
Flash point (closed cup) D93 130.0 min 130.0 min °C
Water and sediment D 2709 0.050 max 0.050 max % volume
C C 2
Kinematic viscosity, 40°C D 445 1.9-6.0 1.9–6.0 mm /s
Sulfated ash D 874 0.020 m
...

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
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5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel. The method used is a multidimensional gas chromatographic method using 1,2-dimethoxy ethane as the internal standard. The oxygenates that are analyzed are: methyl-tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl-tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methanol, tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME), n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, and tert-pentanol. Ethanol is usually not measured as a trace oxygenate since ethanol can be used as the main oxygenate compound in finished automotive spark-ignition fuels such as reformulated automotive spark-ignition fuels. The concentration range of the oxygenates covered in the ILS study was from 10 mg/kg to 2000 mg/kg. In addition this method is also suitable for the measurement of the C5 isomeric alcohols (2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol) present from the fermentation of ethanol.  
1.2 The ethanol blending concentration for which this test method applies ranges from 1 % to 15% by volume. Higher concentrations of ethanol coelute with methanol in the analytical column. Lower levels of ethanol, similar to the other oxygenate, can be calibrated and analyzed also. If higher ethanol concentrations are expected, the window cutting technique can be used to avoid ethanol from entering the analytical column and interfere with the determination of the other oxygenates of interest. Refer to Appendix X1 for details.  
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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
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Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
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Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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