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ASTM F3528-21

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Exoskeleton Use: Gait

Standard Test Method for Exoskeleton Use: Gait

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Exoskeletons are being used in the industrial/occupational, military, response, medical, and recreational sectors to enhance safety and effectiveness of the user to perform tasks. Gait is a component of many tasks that someone would do with an exoskeleton. For example, an exoskeleton may be used to help rehabilitate a patient who suffered a traumatic leg injury. In manufacturing, warehousing, military, and other similar environments, workers and soldiers in exoskeletons walk with and without carrying loads, many times over long distances, indoors or outdoors, as part of their daily activities. Fig. 1 shows examples of exoskeleton users walking, which, depending upon the task, may require people to traverse various ground surfaces while wearing an exoskeleton. The testing results of exoskeletons shall describe, in a statistically significant way, how reliably the exoskeleton is able to support tasks within the specified types of environments, confinements, and terrains, and thus provide sufficiently high levels of confidence to determine the applicability of the exoskeleton to a given task.
FIG. 1 Examples of Exoskeleton Users Walking in Various Sectors
Note 1: Examples include: (a) medical rehabilitation (courtesy Gogoa), (b) military material handling (courtesy Mawashi), (c) military soldiering (courtesy Mawashi), (d) recreational hiking through snow and (e) walking on pavement as part of daily work duties (courtesy Humotech), and (f) industrial worker standing up from a chair prior to walking (courtesy SuitX).  
5.2 This test method addresses exoskeleton safety and performance requirements expressed by manufacturing, emergency responders, military, or other organizations requesting this test. The safety and performance data captured within this test method are indicative of the test exoskeleton’s and the exoskeleton user’s capabilities. Having available direct information from tested exoskeleton(s) with associated performance data to guide procurement and...
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose:  
1.1.1 The purpose of this test method, as a part of a suite of exoskeleton use test methods, is to quantitatively evaluate an exoskeleton’s (see Terminology F3323) safety (see 1.4) or performance, or both, for gait.  
1.1.2 Exoskeletons shall possess a certain set of allowable exoskeleton user movement capabilities, including user-motion adaptability, to suit operations such as: industrial/occupational, military, response, medical or recreational. Environments in these typical sectors often pose constraints to exoskeleton user movement to various degrees. Being able to walk, as intended by the user or test requestor, while using an exoskeleton is essential for exoskeleton deployment for a variety of tasks. This test method specifies test setup, procedure, and recording to standardize this gait task for testing exoskeleton user movement.  
1.1.3 Exoskeletons shall be able to handle many types of task and terrain complexities. The required movement capabilities include, for example: walking, running, crawling, climbing, traversing gaps, hurdles, stairs, slopes, various types of floor surfaces or terrains, and confined spaces. Standard test methods are required to evaluate whether or not exoskeletons meet these requirements.  
1.1.4 ASTM Subcommittee F48.03 develops and maintains international standards for task performance and environmental considerations that include but are not limited to, standards for safety, quality, and efficiency. This subcommittee aims to develop standards for any exoskeleton application, as exemplified as in 1.1.2. The F48.03 test suite consists of a set of test methods for evaluating exoskeleton capability requirements. This gait test method is a part of the test suite. The setup, procedure, and apparatuses associated with the test methods challenge specific exoskeleton capabilities in repeatable ways to facilitate comparison of different exoskeleton models or exoskeleton capa...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2021
ICS
11.180.01 - Aids for disabled and handicapped persons in general
25.040.30 - Industrial robots. Manipulators
Technical Committee
F48 - Exoskeletons and Exosuits
Drafting Committee
F48.03 - Task Performance and Environmental Considerations
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM F3427-20 - Standard Practice for Documenting Environmental Conditions for Utilization with Exoskeleton Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Refers
ASTM F3443-20 - Standard Practice for Load Handling When Using an Exoskeleton
Effective Date
15-Jun-2020

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ASTM F3528-21 - Standard Test Method for Exoskeleton Use: GaitASTM F3528-21 - Standard Test Method for Exoskeleton Use: Gait
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ASTM F3528-21 - Standard Test Method for Exoskeleton Use: Gait
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3528 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Exoskeleton Use: Gait
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3528; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.1.5 This test method tests for generic gait exoskeleton
capability, with straight paths and no test course curves,
1.1 Purpose:
obstacles, or other complexities not described herein (see 4.6).
1.1.1 The purpose of this test method, as a part of a suite of
This test method is considered the basis for exoskeleton gait
exoskeleton use test methods, is to quantitatively evaluate an
capability testing.
exoskeleton’s (see Terminology F3323) safety (see 1.4)or
1.1.6 The test methods quantify elemental exoskeleton use
performance, or both, for gait.
capabilities necessary for sector applications listed in 1.1.2,
1.1.2 Exoskeletons shall possess a certain set of allowable
and perhaps others. As such, users of this standard should use
exoskeletonusermovementcapabilities,includinguser-motion
either the entire suite or a subset based on their particular
adaptability, to suit operations such as: industrial/occupational,
military, response, medical or recreational. Environments in requirements. Users are also allowed to weight particular test
these typical sectors often pose constraints to exoskeleton user methods or particular metrics within a test method differently
movement to various degrees. Being able to walk, as intended
based on their specific requirements. The testing results should
by the user or test requestor, while using an exoskeleton is
collectively represent an exoskeleton’s overall safety or
essential for exoskeleton deployment for a variety of tasks.
performance, or both, as required for the task. These perfor-
This test method specifies test setup, procedure, and recording
mance data can be used: to guide procurement specifications,
to standardize this gait task for testing exoskeleton user
for acceptance testing, and for training to use exoskeletons
movement.
intended for specified applications.
1.1.3 Exoskeletons shall be able to handle many types of
NOTE 1—Additional test methods within the suite are anticipated to be
task and terrain complexities. The required movement capa-
developed to address additional exoskeleton capability requirements,
bilities include, for example: walking, running, crawling,
including newly identified requirements and even for new application
climbing, traversing gaps, hurdles, stairs, slopes, various types
domains.
of floor surfaces or terrains, and confined spaces. Standard test
1.2 Performing Location—This test method shall be per-
methods are required to evaluate whether or not exoskeletons
formed in a testing laboratory or at a site that represents the
meet these requirements.
place where the exoskeleton will be used.
1.1.4 ASTM Subcommittee F48.03 develops and maintains
internationalstandardsfortaskperformanceandenvironmental
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
considerations that include but are not limited to, standards for
as the standard.The values given in parentheses are not precise
safety, quality, and efficiency. This subcommittee aims to
mathematical conversions to inch-pound units. They are close
develop standards for any exoskeleton application, as exem-
approximate equivalents for the purpose of specifying material
plified as in 1.1.2. The F48.03 test suite consists of a set of test
dimensions or quantities that are readily available to avoid
methods for evaluating exoskeleton capability requirements.
excessive fabrication costs of test apparatuses while maintain-
This gait test method is a part of the test suite. The setup,
ing repeatability and reproducibility of the test method results.
procedure, and apparatuses associated with the test methods
These values given in parentheses are provided for information
challenge specific exoskeleton capabilities in repeatable ways
only and are not considered standard.
to facilitate comparison of different exoskeleton models or
exoskeleton capabilities to tasks. Not all exoskeletons may
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
have the capabilities needed to use this test method.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This test
...

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1.1 This terminology covers terms associated with exoskeletons and exosuits. By providing a common and consistent lexicon, the purpose of this terminology is to facilitate communication between individuals who may be involved in the research, design, deployment, and use of exoskeletons and exosuits in applications, including but not limited to industrial, military, emergency response, recreational, and medical areas.  
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4.1 This section provides a description of the environmental conditions listed in Section 1 and describes the sub-conditions within each condition. Examples provided for many of the conditions and sub-conditions are provided as guidance only. Each of the conditions described should be evaluated and documented as set forth in Sections 5 – 7.  
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FIG. 1 Example of Static Environment Using Temperature
FIG. 2 Example of Static Environment Using Temperature and Showing a Transition Between Two Static Environments
FIG. 3 Example of Dynamic Environment Using Temperature and Showing that the Environment Changed During the Test
FIG. 4 Example of Transitional Environment Using Temperature Portions of the Environment may Remain Static or may be Dynamic (For example, Cold to Colder)  
4.3 Floor or Ground Surface:  
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Sections  
Tension  
7 to 14  
Bend  
15  
Hardness  
16  
Brinell  
17  
Rockwell  
18  
Portable  
19  
Impact  
20 to 30  
Keywords  
32  
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Annex  
Bar Products  
Annex A1  
Tubular Products  
Annex A2  
Fasteners  
Annex A3  
Round Wire Products  
Annex A4  
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing  
Annex A5  
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
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Annex A6    
Testing Multi-Wire Strand  
Annex A7  
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Annex A8  
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars  
Annex A9  
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation  
Annex A10  
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Standard Test Method for Determining Filtering Efficiency and Flow Rate of the Filtration Component of a Sediment Retention Device

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the filtering efficiency and flow rate of the filtration component of a sediment retention device, such as a silt fence, a silt barrier, or a silt curtain, for specific soil tested.  
5.2 This test method may be used for the design of the filtration component of a sediment retention device to meet requirements of regulatory agencies in filtering efficiency or flow rate for the specific soil tested.  
5.2.1 The designer can use this test method to determine the spacing between sediment retention devices.  
5.3 This test method is intended for performance evaluation, as the results will depend on the specific soil evaluated. Unless testing with the default soil is desired, it is recommended that the user or representative perform the test to pre-approve products, as sediment retention device manufacturers are not typically equipped to handle or test soil requirements.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of evaluating the filtration component of sediment retention devices with different soils under various conditions that simulate the conditions that exist in a sediment retention device installation. This test method may be used to simulate several storm events on the same sediment retention device specimen. Therefore, the number of times this test is repeated per specimen is dependent upon the user and the site conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the filtering efficiency and the flow rate of the filtration component of a sediment retention device, such as a silt fence, silt barrier, or inlet protector.  
1.1.1 The results are shown as a percentage for filtering efficiency and cubic metres per square metre per minute (m3/m2/min) or gallons per square foot per minute (gal/ft2/min) for flow rate.  
1.1.2 The filtering efficiency indicates the percent of sediment removed from sediment-laden water.  
1.1.3 The flow rate is the average rate of passage of the sediment-laden water through the filtration component of a sediment retention device.  
1.2 This test method requires several specialized pieces of equipment, such as an integrated water sampler and an analytical balance, or a vacuum filtration system. At the client’s discretion, the test soil is either a site-specific soil or a soil that is representative of a target default gradation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard, while the inch-pound units are provided for information. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM F2647-07(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Approved Methods of Installing a CVS (Central Vacuum System)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The suggestions of this guide are intended to provide proper installation materials and practices to be used during the installation of a central-vacuum system.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide demonstrates proper methods for installing a central-vacuum system.  
1.2 Appendix X1 contains additional sources of information that may be helpful to the user of this guide.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off