ASTM C400-98(2013)

Standard Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste Acid

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Since all limes and waste acid solutions are different, this test method evaluates the relative quantity of a given lime needed for the neutralization of a specific quantity of acid.  
4.2 Liming materials have a specific basicity factor or measure of alkalinity which can be used for comparing their relative neutralizing power. It avoids dependence on chemical analysis and is determined as grams of calcium oxide equivalents per kilogram of liming material.  
4.3 Likewise, specific waste acids have an acid value that can be expressed as grams of hydrochloric acid equivalent per litre of acid waste. This value is related on a stoichiometric basis to lime neutralization requirements of a liquid acid waste.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of quicklime and hydrated lime for use in the treatment of waste acid solutions and includes the characterization of the liming material and of the acid waste. Note 1—When agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser, this method may be used directly to evaluate the lime requirement for a plant waste acid and in the preparation of the lime slurry; the pH, the time, temperature, and other conditions of treatment may be adjusted to conform to plant practice. Otherwise the test shall be performed as described in this method. Note 2—Under some conditions of test the lime requirement may vary substantially from that indicated by ultimate chemical analysis or by the use of a determination of available alkalinity by titration to a stoichiometric end point.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2013
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C07 - Lime and Limestone
• Drafting Committee: C07.05 - Chemical Tests

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C400-98(2006) - Standard Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste Acid
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Replaced By: ASTM C400-98(2013)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste Acid
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1529-19 - Standard Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Environmental Uses
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E2060-22 - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D5759-12(2020) - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C911-19 - Standard Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Selected Chemical and Industrial Uses
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C50/C50M-13(2019) - Standard Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D5050-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Commercial Use of Lime Kiln Dusts and Portland Cement Kiln Dusts
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E2278-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C400 − 98 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Methods for
Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste
Acid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 pH—a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a
sample and representing the logarithm of the reciprocal (nega-
1.1 This test method covers the testing of quicklime and
tive logarithm) of the activity of hydrogen ions, calculated as
hydrated lime for use in the treatment of waste acid solutions
follows:
and includes the characterization of the liming material and of
the acid waste. 1
pH 5 log 52log H
~ !
H
~ !
NOTE 1—When agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser,
this method may be used directly to evaluate the lime requirement for a
where:
plantwaste acid and inthepreparationofthelimeslurry;the pH,thetime,
+
H = activity of hydrogen ions.
temperature, and other conditions of treatment may be adjusted to
conform to plant practice. Otherwise the test shall be performed as
4. Significance and Use
described in this method.
NOTE 2—Under some conditions of test the lime requirement may vary
4.1 Since all limes and waste acid solutions are different,
substantially from that indicated by ultimate chemical analysis or by the
this test method evaluates the relative quantity of a given lime
use of a determination of available alkalinity by titration to a stoichio-
needed for the neutralization of a specific quantity of acid.
metric end point.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 Liming materials have a specific basicity factor or
measure of alkalinity which can be used for comparing their
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- relative neutralizing power. It avoids dependence on chemical
analysis and is determined as grams of calcium oxide equiva-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. lents per kilogram of liming material.
4.3 Likewise, specific waste acids have an acid value that
2. Referenced Documents
can be expressed as grams of hydrochloric acid equivalent per
2.1 ASTM Standards:
litre of acid waste. This value is related on a stoichiometric
C50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, basistolimeneutralizationrequirementsofaliquidacidwaste.
and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
5. Apparatus
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
Glass Electrode
5.1 pH Measuring Apparatus, conforming to the require-
ments of Section 5, Apparatus, and Section 6, Reagents and
3. Terminology
Materials, of Test Method E70.Atime-pH recording device or
attachment is desirable but not required.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 neutralization coeffıcient—the number of parts of lime
5.2 Analytical Balance, capable of reproducing results
required to neutralize one million parts by weight of sulfuric
within 0.005 g.
acid solution (1.5 %) to a pH of 4.4 in 30 min (see Note 1).
5.3 Stirrer, motorized, capable of rotating at speeds from
120 to 600 r/min.
1 5.4 Miscellaneous Equipment—Chemically resistant
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on
Lime and Limestone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.05 on
glassware, metal stands for support of the equipment, etc.
Chemical Tests.
Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
6. Purity of Reagents
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C400 – 98 (2006).
6.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.
DOI: 10.1520/C0400-98R13.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Borosilicate glass has been found satisfactory for this purpose.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C400 − 98 (2013)
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical 7.4.2.1 Plot the pH in 30 min, as determined from the
Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such neutralization rate curves described in Section 10, against
specifications are available. Other grades may be used, pro- grams of lime used per 1000 g of H SO (1.5 %).
2 4
vided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently 7.4.3 Neutralization Coeffıcient:
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
7.4.3.1 Interpolate the quantity of lime required to achieve a
the determination.
pH of 4.4 in 30 min from the lime requirement curve (Section
11), correct for the actual acid concentration, and calculate as
6.2 Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be
parts of lime required per million parts of H SO (1.5 %) as
2 4
understood to mean distilled water.
follows:
7. Test Method A—for Determining Lime Requirement for
the neutralization of a standard sulfuric acid or waste acid
N 5 1.5/Z 3X 31000
~ !
solution within a time limit of thirty minutes.
where:
7.1 Reagents:
N = neutralization coefficient (see 3.1.1),
7.1.1 Sulfuric Acid, Standard Solution (1.5 6 0.05 %)—
X = grams of lime per 1000 g of H SO (1.5 %), and
2 4
Thoroughly mix 15.8 g of concentrated sulfuric acid (95 %
Z = concentration of the H SO to the nearest 0.005 %, as
2 4
H SO ) with water, dilute to 1 L, analyze to within 0.005 %
2 4
determined by analysis.
H SO , and store in a suitable stoppered bottle.
7.5 Precision and Bias:
7.2 Preparation of Sample:
7.5.1 Theprecisionandbiasofthistestmethodhasnotbeen
7.2.1 Take samples of quicklime an
...