ASTM E2144-21
(Practice)Standard Practice for Personal Sampling and Analysis of Endotoxin in Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace Atmospheres
Standard Practice for Personal Sampling and Analysis of Endotoxin in Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace Atmospheres
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Endotoxins in metalworking fluid aerosols present potential respiratory health hazards to workers who inhale them. Therefore, a consensus standard is needed to provide reliable data on workplace airborne endotoxin concentrations where metalworking fluids are used.
5.2 This practice for measuring airborne endotoxin concentrations in metalworking fluid atmospheres will help to foster a better understanding of endotoxin exposure-response relationships.
5.3 This practice facilitates comparisons of interlaboratory data from methods and field investigative studies.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers quantitative methods for the personal sampling and determination of bacterial endotoxin concentrations in poly-disperse metalworking fluid aerosols in workplace atmospheres. Users should have fundamental knowledge of microbiological techniques and endotoxin testing.
1.2 Users of this practice may obtain personal or area exposure data of endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols, either on a short-term or full-shift basis in workplace atmospheres.
1.3 This practice gives an estimate of the endotoxin concentration of the sampled atmosphere.
1.4 This practice seeks to minimize interlaboratory variation but does not ensure uniformity of results.
1.5 It is anticipated that this practice will facilitate interlaboratory comparisons of airborne endotoxin data from metalworking fluid atmospheres, particularly metal removal fluid atmospheres, by providing a basis for endotoxin sampling, extraction, and analytical methods.
1.6 In 1997, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) empanelled a Standards Advisory Committee to make recommendations to the Administration regarding measures that the Administration could take to improve the health of workers exposed to metalworking fluids. A report to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA was submitted in July 1999. Subcommittee E34.50 believes that the user community would benefit significantly if a standard method was developed to give the community guidance on a methodology for the sampling and analysis of personal airborne endotoxin exposure assessments in facilities using water-miscible metal removal fluids, based on the LAL assay or other endotoxin detection technologies as they become available.
1.7 This practice does not attempt to set or imply limits for personal exposure to endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols in workplace environments.
1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2144 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Personal Sampling and Analysis of Endotoxin in
1
Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 This practice does not attempt to set or imply limits for
personal exposure to endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols
1.1 This practice covers quantitative methods for the per-
in workplace environments.
sonal sampling and determination of bacterial endotoxin con-
centrations in poly-disperse metalworking fluid aerosols in
1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
workplace atmospheres. Users should have fundamental
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
knowledge of microbiological techniques and endotoxin test-
standard.
ing.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 Users of this practice may obtain personal or area
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
exposure data of endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
either on a short-term or full-shift basis in workplace atmo-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
spheres.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This practice gives an estimate of the endotoxin con- 1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
centration of the sampled atmosphere. dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.4 Thispracticeseekstominimizeinterlaboratoryvariation
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
but does not ensure uniformity of results.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.5 It is anticipated that this practice will facilitate inter-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
laboratory comparisons of airborne endotoxin data from met-
alworking fluid atmospheres, particularly metal removal fluid
2. Referenced Documents
atmospheres, by providing a basis for endotoxin sampling,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
extraction, and analytical methods.
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
1.6 In 1997, the Occupational Safety and Health Adminis-
Atmospheres
tration (OSHA) empanelled a Standards Advisory Committee
D2881 Classification for Metalworking Fluids and Related
to make recommendations to the Administration regarding
Materials
measures that the Administration could take to improve the
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
health of workers exposed to metalworking fluids. A report to
D5337 Practice for Flow RateAdjustment of Personal Sam-
the Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA was submitted in
pling Pumps
July 1999. Subcommittee E34.50 believes that the user com-
E1370 Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and
munity would benefit significantly if a standard method was
Workplace Protection
developed to give the community guidance on a methodology
E1497 Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-
for the sampling and analysis of personal airborne endotoxin
Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
exposure assessments in facilities using water-miscible metal
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and
removal fluids, based on the LAL assay or other endotoxin
Safety
detection technologies as they become available.
E2523 Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Opera-
tions
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupa-
tional Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.50 on
2
Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E2144 – 11 (2016). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/E2144-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2144 − 21
3
2.2 Government Standa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2144 − 11 (Reapproved 2016) E2144 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Personal Sampling and Analysis of Endotoxin in
1
Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers quantitative methods for the personal sampling and determination of bacterial endotoxin concentrations
in poly-disperse metalworking fluid aerosols in workplace atmospheres. Users should have fundamental knowledge of
microbiological techniques and endotoxin testing.
1.2 Users of this practice may obtain personal or area exposure data of endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols, either on a
short-term or full-shift basis in workplace atmospheres.
1.3 This practice gives an estimate of the endotoxin concentration of the sampled atmosphere.
1.4 This practice seeks to minimize inter laboratory interlaboratory variation but does not ensure uniformity of results.
1.5 It is anticipated that this practice will facilitate inter laboratory interlaboratory comparisons of airborne endotoxin data from
metalworking fluid atmospheres, particularly metal removal fluid atmospheres, by providing a basis for endotoxin sampling,
extraction, and analytical methods.
1.6 In 1997, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) empanelled a Standards Advisory Committee to make
recommendations to the Administration regarding measures that the Administration could take to improve the health of workers
exposed to metalworking fluids. A report to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA was submitted in July,July 1999.
Subcommittee E34.50 believes that the user community would benefit significantly if a standard method was developed to give
the community guidance on a methodology for the sampling and analysis of personal airborne endotoxin exposure assessments in
facilities using water-miscible metal removal fluids, based on the LAL assay or other endotoxin detection technologies as they
become available.
1.7 This practice does not attempt to set or imply limits for personal exposure to endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols in
workplace environments.
1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.50 on Health
and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2021. Published October 2016December 2021. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20112016
as E2144 - 11.E2144 – 11 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/E2144-11R16.10.1520/E2144-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2144 − 21
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D2881 Classification for Metalworking Fluids and Related Materials
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sampling Pumps
3
D6629 Guide for Selection of Methods for Estimating Soil Loss by Erosion (Withdrawn 2019)
E1370 Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and Workplace Protection
E1497 Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and S
...
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