ASTM D3919-08

Standard Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Elemental constituents in potable water, receiving water, and wastewater need to be identified for support of effective pollution control programs. Currently, one of the most sensitive and practical means for measuring low concentrations of trace elements is by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the general considerations for the quantitative determination of trace elements in water and wastewater by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Furnace atomizers are a most useful means of extending detection limits; however, the practice should only be used at concentration levels below the optimum range of direct flame aspiration atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Because of differences between various makes and models of satisfactory instruments, no detailed operating instructions can be provided for each instrument. Instead, the analyst should follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of a particular instrument.
1.2 Wavelengths, estimated detection limits, and optimum concentration ranges are given in the individual methods. Ranges may be increased or decreased by varying the volume of sample injected or the instrumental settings or by the use of a secondary wavelength. Samples containing concentrations higher than those given in the optimum range may be diluted or analyzed by other techniques.
1.3 This technique is generally not applicable to brines and seawater. Special techniques such as separation of the trace elements from the salt, careful temperature control through ramping techniques, or matrix modification may be useful for these samples.
1.4 The analyst is encouraged to consult the literature as provided by the instrument manufacturer as well as various trade journals and scientific publications.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Nov-2008
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3919-04 - Standard Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4517-15(2023) - Standard Test Method for Low-Level Total Silica in High-Purity Water by Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6071-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Low Level Sodium in High Purity Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D3866-18 - Standard Test Methods for Silver in Water
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4382-18 - Standard Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D3558-15 - Standard Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D3645-15 - Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in Water
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D1687-17 - Standard Test Methods for Chromium in Water
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D1971-16(2021)e1 - Standard Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for Determination of Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption, Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, or Plasma Mass Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D858-17 - Standard Test Methods for Manganese in Water
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D5127-13(2018) - Standard Guide for Ultra-Pure Water Used in the Electronics and Semiconductor Industries
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4691-17 - Standard Practice for Measuring Elements in Water by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D1068-15 - Standard Test Methods for Iron in Water
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F1581-08(2020) - Standard Specification for Composition of Anorganic Bone for Surgical Implants
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D2972-15 - Standard Test Methods for Arsenic in Water
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3919 − 08
StandardPractice for
Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace
1
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3919; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice covers the general considerations for the
quantitative determination of trace elements in water and
2. Referenced Documents
wastewater by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectropho-
2
tometry. Furnace atomizers are a most useful means of extend- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing detection limits; however, the practice should only be used
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
at concentration levels below the optimum range of direct D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
flame aspiration atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Be-
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
cause of differences between various makes and models of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
satisfactory instruments, no detailed operating instructions can D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
be provided for each instrument. Instead, the analyst should D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of a Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
particular instrument. D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1.2 Wavelengths, estimated detection limits, and optimum
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
concentration ranges are given in the individual methods.
Ranges may be increased or decreased by varying the volume
3. Terminology
of sample injected or the instrumental settings or by the use of
a secondary wavelength. Samples containing concentrations 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
higher than those given in the optimum range may be diluted practice, refer to Terminology D1129.
or analyzed by other techniques.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This technique is generally not applicable to brines and
3.2.1 graphite furnace—an electrothermal graphite device
seawater. Special techniques such as separation of the trace capable of reaching the specified temperatures required by the
elements from the salt, careful temperature control through
element being determined.
ramping techniques, or matrix modification may be useful for
3.2.2 platform or similar device— a flat, grooved or un-
these samples.
grooved piece of pyrolytic graphite inserted in the graphite
3
tube on which the sample is placed (1).
1.4 The analyst is encouraged to consult the literature as
provided by the instrument manufacturer as well as various
4. Summary of Practice
trade journals and scientific publications.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 4.1 The element is determined by an atomic absorption
spectrophotometerusedinconjunctionwithagraphitefurnace.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. The principle is essentially the same as with direct flame
aspiration atomic absorption except a furnace, rather than a
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
flame,isusedtoatomizethesample.Theelementalatomstobe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measured are placed in the beam of radiation by increasing the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
Water. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3919 – 04. DOI: The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
10.1520/D3919-08. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3919 − 08
temperature of the furnace, thereby causing the injected speci- 6.2 Some types of interference problems encountered in
men to be volatilized. Radiation from a given excited element direct asp
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 3919–04 Designation: D 3919 – 08
Standard Practice for
Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace
1
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3919; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope *
1.1This1.1 This practice covers the general considerations for the quantitative determination of trace elements in water and
wastewater by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Furnace atomizers are a most useful means of extending
detection limits; however, the practice should only be used at concentration levels below the optimum range of direct flame
aspiration atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Because of differences between various makes and models of satisfactory
instruments, no detailed operating instructions can be provided for each instrument. Instead, the analyst should follow the
instructions provided by the manufacturer of a particular instrument.
1.2 Wavelengths, estimated detection limits, and optimum concentration ranges are given in the individual methods. Ranges
may be increased or decreased by varying the volume of sample injected or the instrumental settings or by the use of a secondary
wavelength. Samples containing concentrations higher than those given in the optimum range may be diluted or analyzed by other
techniques.
1.3 Thistechniqueisgenerallynotapplicabletobrinesandseawater.Specialtechniquessuchasseparationofthetraceelements
from the salt, careful temperature control through ramping techniques, or matrix modification may be useful for these samples.
1.4 The analyst is encouraged to consult the literature as provided by the instrument manufacturer as well as various trade
journals and scientific publications.
1.5
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water D1192Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D 4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
D5810
D 5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847
D 5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D 1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 graphite furnace—an electrothermal graphite device capable of reaching the specified temperatures required by the
element being determined.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D3919–99.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 3919 – 04.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail]ards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3919–08
3.2.2 platformorsimilardevice—aflat,groovedorungroovedpieceofpyrolyticgraphiteinsertedinthegraphitetubeonwhich
3
the sample is placed (1).
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The element is determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer used in conjunction with a
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 3919–04 Designation: D 3919 – 08
Standard Practice for
Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace
1
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3919; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope *
1.1This1.1 This practice covers the general considerations for the quantitative determination of trace elements in water and
wastewater by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Furnace atomizers are a most useful means of extending
detection limits; however, the practice should only be used at concentration levels below the optimum range of direct flame
aspiration atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Because of differences between various makes and models of satisfactory
instruments, no detailed operating instructions can be provided for each instrument. Instead, the analyst should follow the
instructions provided by the manufacturer of a particular instrument.
1.2 Wavelengths, estimated detection limits, and optimum concentration ranges are given in the individual methods. Ranges
may be increased or decreased by varying the volume of sample injected or the instrumental settings or by the use of a secondary
wavelength. Samples containing concentrations higher than those given in the optimum range may be diluted or analyzed by other
techniques.
1.3 Thistechniqueisgenerallynotapplicabletobrinesandseawater.Specialtechniquessuchasseparationofthetraceelements
from the salt, careful temperature control through ramping techniques, or matrix modification may be useful for these samples.
1.4 The analyst is encouraged to consult the literature as provided by the instrument manufacturer as well as various trade
journals and scientific publications.
1.5
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water D1192Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D 4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
D 5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D 5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D 1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 graphite furnace—an electrothermal graphite device capable of reaching the specified temperatures required by the
element being determined.
3.2.2 platformorsimilardevice—aflat,groovedorungroovedpieceofpyrolyticgraphiteinsertedinthegraphitetubeonwhich
3
the sample is placed (1).
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D3919–99.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 3919 – 04.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail]ards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3919–08
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The ele
...