ASTM A931-96(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Wire Ropes and Strand
Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Wire Ropes and Strand
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Wire rope tests are generally to be performed on new rope. The use of wire rope in any application can reduce individual wire strengths due to abrasion and nicking that will result in the wire rope strength being reduced. Damage to the outer wires will also lower the maximum strength achieved during tension testing.
The modulus of elasticity of wire rope is not considered to be a standard requirement at this time. The determination of this material property requires specialized equipment and techniques.
Rope to be tested should be thoroughly examined to verify that no external wire damage is present. If present, it should be noted. When possible, a new undamaged sample should be obtained for testing.
End attachments and their installation can directly affect breaking strength achieved during testing. Any attachment that can be used to directly achieve the required rope breaking strength can be used. Standard testing with a poured socket, using zinc, white metal or thermoset resin, has been considered the most efficient. Proficiency in attachment of any fitting can have a direct effect on the final test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of wire ropes and strand at room temperature, specifically to determine the minimum acceptance strength or nominal strength, yield strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.3.2, 7.3.4, 7.3.5, and 9.2.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:A 931–96 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
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Tension Testing of Wire Ropes and Strand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 abrasion—frictional surface wear on the wires of a
wire rope.
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthetensiontestingofwireropes
3.2.2 aggregate area—see area, metallic.
and strand at room temperature, specifically to determine the
3.2.3 aggregate strength—the strength derived by totalling
minimum acceptance strength or nominal strength, yield
the individual breaking strengths of the elements of the strand
strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity.
or rope. This strength does not give recognition to the
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
reduction in strength resulting from the angularity of the
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
elementsintherope,orotherfactorsthatmayaffectefficiency.
information only.
3.2.4 area, metallic—sum of the cross-sectional areas of all
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
wires either in a wire rope or in a strand.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.5 breaking strength—theultimateloadatwhichatensile
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
failure occurs in the sample of wire rope being tested.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The term breaking strength is synony-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
mous with actual strength.
tionary statements are given in 7.3.2, 7.3.4, 7.3.5, and 9.2.
3.2.6 cable—a term loosely applied to wire rope, wire
2. Referenced Documents strand, and electrical conductors.
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3.2.7 center—the axial member of a strand about which the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
wires are laid.
A586 Specification for Zinc-Coated Parallel and Helical
3.2.8 classification—group or family designation based on
Steel Wire Structural Strand
wire rope constructions with common strengths and weights
A603 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Structural Wire
listed under the broad designation.
Rope
3.2.9 construction—geometric design description of the
B6 Specification for Zinc
wire rope’s cross section.This includes the number of strands,
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
the number of wires per strand, and the pattern of wire
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
arrangement in each strand.
ing
3.2.10 core—the axial member of a wire rope about which
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
the strands are laid.
3. Terminology
3.2.11 fiber core—cord or rope of vegetable or synthetic
fiber used as the core of a rope.
3.1 The terminology relating to tensile testing in Terminol-
3.2.12 galvanized rope—wire rope made up of galvanized
ogyE6 applies to this test method. In addition, the following
wire.
definitions for wire rope will apply:
3.2.13 galvanized strand—strand made up of galvanized
3.2 Definitions:
wire.
3.2.14 grade—wire rope or strand classification by strength
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
or type of material, that is, Class 3, Type 302 stainless,
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
phosphor bronze, etc. It does not apply to strength of the
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
individual wires used to manufacture the rope or strand.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A931–96 (2002).
3.2.15 independent wire rope core (IWRC)—a wire rope
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
used as the core of a larger wire rope.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.16 inner wires—all wires of a strand except the outer or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. cover wires.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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A 931–96 (2008)
3.2.17 lay—(a)themannerinwhichthewiresinastrandor 5.3 The length of test specimen shall not be less than 3 ft,
the strands in a rope are helically laid, or (b) the distance (0.91 m) between sockets for wire ropes up to 1 in. (25.4 mm)
measured parallel to the axis of the rope (or strand) in which a diameter, inclusive, and not less than 5 ft (1.52 m) between
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strand (or wire) ma
...
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