ASTM D6857/D6857M-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method
Standard Test Method for Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The maximum specific gravities and densities of bituminous paving mixtures are intrinsic properties whose values are influenced by the composition of the mixture in terms of types and amounts of aggregates and bituminous materials.
They are used to calculate values for percent air voids in compacted bituminous paving mixtures.
They provide target values for the compaction of paving mixtures.
They are essential when calculating the amount of bitumen absorbed by the internal porosity of the individual aggregate particles in a bituminous paving mixture.
Note 2—The personnel and equipment used in performing this test can be evaluated in accordance with Practice D3666.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of maximum specific gravity of and density of uncompacted bituminous paving mixtures at 25°C [77°F].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalent; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6857/D6857M −11
Standard Test Method for
Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous
1
Paving Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6857/D6857M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of maximum 3.1 The terms specific gravity and density used in this test
specific gravity of and density of uncompacted bituminous method are in accordance with the Terminology E1547.
paving mixtures at 25°C [77°F].
3.2 Definitions:
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 3.2.1 density, as determined by this test method—the mass
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in ofacubicmeterofthematerialat25°CinSIunits,orthemass
each system may not be exact equivalent; therefore, each of a cubic foot of the material at 77°F in inch-pound units.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.2.2 residual pressure, as employed by this test method—
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
the pressure in a vacuum chamber when vacuum is applied.
with the standard.
3.2.3 specific gravity, as determined by this test method—
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
theratioofagivenmassofmaterialat25°C[77°F]tothemass
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of an equal volume of water at the same temperature.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 A weighed sample of oven-dry paving mixture in the
looseconditionatroomtemperatureisplacedinsideaspecially
2. Referenced Documents
designedchannelbag.Thebagcontainingthesampleisplaced
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
inside another bag and placed inside a vacuum chamber.Air is
C670Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
evacuated from the sample to an absolute pressure of 6.0 mm
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
Hg [6 Torr] and is automatically sealed. The bags containing
D979Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
the sample are removed from the vacuum chamber and placed
D2041Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific
insidealargewatertankequippedwithscalesforweighingthe
Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
sample under water. While completely submerged, the bag is
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
cut open by scissors to allow the water to enter the bag. Since
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
the sample is under complete vacuum, water will be forced
Construction Materials Testing
around all the accessible areas of the sample.The difference in
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
weight in air and suspended weight in water will provide the
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
sample volume after correcting for the bag influence. The dry
E1547Terminology Relating to Industrial and Specialty
weight and the volume can be used to calculate the maximum
Chemicals
specificgravityofthesample.Thismethodisarapidtechnique
D3666Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
for determination of maximum specific gravity that minimizes
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
theexposureofbituminoussamplestowaterduringtestingand
reduces the chance of water absorption.
1 NOTE 1—For porous aggregates, if water absorption correction is not
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
performed on the maximum specific gravities obtained using this test
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on
method, the results may be higher than the results obtained by Test
Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.
Method D2041. Without aggregate water absorption correction, air voids
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2011.PublishedJuly2011.Originallyapproved
in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D6857–09. DOI: 10.1520/ calculated based on these results may be higher.
D6857_D6857M-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 The maximum specific gravities and densities of bitu-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. minous paving mixtures are intrinsic properties whose values
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6857–09 Designation: D6857/D6857M – 11
Standard Test Method for
Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous
1
Paving Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6857/D6857M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the determination of maximum specific gravity of and density of uncompacted bituminous paving
mixtures at 25°C (77°F).
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The other units given may be approximate and are given to
help the user interpret units on available standard equipment used with this test method.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of maximum specific gravity of and density of uncompacted bituminous paving
mixtures at 25°C [77°F].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalent; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1547 Terminology Relating to Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 The terms specific gravity and density used in this test method are in accordance with the Terminology E1547.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 density, as determined by this test method—the mass of a cubic meter of the material at 25°C in SI units, or the mass of
a cubic foot of the material at 77°F in inch-pound units.
3.2.2 residual pressure, as employed by this test method—the pressure in a vacuum chamber when vacuum is applied.
3.2.3 specific gravity, as determined by this test method—the ratio of a given mass of material at 25°C [77°F] to the mass of
an equal volume of water at the same temperature.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A weighed sample of oven-dry paving mixture in the loose condition at room temperature is placed inside a specially
designed channel bag. The bag containing the sample is placed inside another bag and placed inside a vacuum chamber. Air is
evacuated from the sample to an absolute pressure of 6.0 mm Hg (6 Torr)[6 Torr] and is automatically sealed. The bags containing
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on Specific
Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.
Current edition approved Dec.June 1, 2009.2011. Published January 2010.July 2011. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D6857 – 039. DOI: 10.1520/D6857-09.10.1520/D6857_D6857M-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D6857/D6857M – 11
the sample are removed from the vacuum chamber and placed inside a large water tank equipped with scales for weighing the
sample under water. While completely submerged, the bag is cut open by scissors to allow the water to enter the bag. Since the
sample is under complete vacuum, water will be
...
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