ASTM B773-96(2002)e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Ultrasonic C-Scan Bond Evaluation of Brazed or Welded Electrical Contact Assemblies
Standard Guide for Ultrasonic C-Scan Bond Evaluation of Brazed or Welded Electrical Contact Assemblies
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes ultrasonic testing procedures that can be used for evaluating the bond quality of electrical contact assemblies manufactured by brazing or welding.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:B773–96(Reapproved 2002)
Standard Guide for
Ultrasonic C-Scan Bond Evaluation of Brazed or Welded
Electrical Contact Assemblies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 773; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Paragraph 1.3 was corrected editorially in June 2002.
INTRODUCTION
This guidance document is the result of an investigation by the ASTM Committee B04.04 Task
Force on Ultrasonic Bond Testing of Electrical Contacts. Although ultrasonic interrogation is widely
employed as a non-destructive evaluation method, its application to the testing of electrical contact
2,3
bonds requires specific techniques. The desire to study the variation of technique and its effect upon
test results was responsible for a round-robin test program.The program was conducted in two phases
in an attempt to standardize practices which would improve testing agreement. This study provided
analysis and suggestions for reducing the variability of test results.The decision of the committee was
to publish a summary of this information to serve as guidelines for writing specifications that will
incorporate practices.
1. Scope Reflection Method Using Pulsed Longitudinal Waves
E 500 Terminology Relating to Ultrasonic Examination
1.1 This guide describes ultrasonic testing procedures that
E 1001 Practice for Detection and Evaluation of Disconti-
canbeusedforevaluatingthebondqualityofelectricalcontact
nuities by the Immersed Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Method
assemblies manufactured by brazing or welding.
using Longitudinal Waves
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
2.2 American Society for Nondestructive Testing Standard
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
(ASNT):
information only.
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar
3. Summary of Guide
with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate
3.1 Pulse-echo Technique—The pulse-echo technique is
Material Safety Data Sheet for this product/material as pro-
employed as an ultrasonic testing method which displays
vided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and
reflected energy pulses. A Piezoelectric transducer (typically
health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory
15–25 M Hz frequency with 0.5- to 1.5-in. (12.7- to 38.1-mm)
limitations prior to use.
focal length in water) converts the original electrical pulse into
2. Referenced Documents amechanicalsoundwaveandthenalsoactsasareceiverofthe
reflected mechanical energy, converting it back into useful
2.1 ASTM Standards:
electrical energy. The electrical instrumentation used with the
E 214 Practice for Immersed Ultrasonic Examination by the
transducer generates, receives, amplifies, and displays the
controlled electrical pulses. (See Practices E 214 and E 1001.)
3.2 C-Scan—The amplified electrical signals as received
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on Nonferrous
from the transducer are gated for time/distance and establish
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.11 on
Electrical Contact Test Methods.
the depth of analysis. When the transducer (coupled through a
Current edition approved May 10, 1996. Published July 1996. Originally
water medium) is made to traverse in the X-Y directions, the
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published as B 773 – 87. Last previous edition B 773 – 87 (1991) .
Buckley, R. I., Commey, R. R., Jr., and Popat, P. V.,“Nondestructive Ultrasonic
Inspection of Braze Bonds in High Current Electrical Contact Assemblies,”
Proceedings of the Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts, 1971, pp. 63–71. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
3 5
Jost, E., and Fontaine, G., “Ultrasonic In-line InspectionTechnique for Contact Discontinued; see 1991 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03
Materials,” Proceedings of the Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts, 1979, pp. Available from ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH
209–213. 43228-0518.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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B773–96 (2002)
TABLE 1 First Round Robin Test Results for Brazed and Welded Electrical Contact Assemblies
2 A
Total Unbonded Area (in. ) by Laboratory Number
Lot/Sample
Contact Mean Range
Number
Area (in. )
Brazed
1/9 0.345 0.036 0.036 0.024 0.024 0.036 0.030 0.031 0.012
2/24 0.097 0.008 0.016 0.016 0.012 0.008 0.024 0.014 0.016
3/19 0.091 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.000 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.020
4/4 0.309 0.039 0.026 0.104 0.052 0.104 0.156 0.080 0.130
5/34 0.309 0.039 0.013 0.091 0.078 0.078 0.039 0.056 0.078
6/20 0.309 0.156 0.208 0.182 0.182 0.260 0.260 0.208 0.104
Percussion welded
7/6 0.309 0.156 0.234 0.234 0.290 0.286 0.286 0.248 0.134
Resolution of Fabricated Standards with Flat Bottomed Hole 0.015 In. Diameter
2/STD. 0.016 0.022 0.070 0.070 0.010 0.025 0.036 0.060
5/STD. 0.016 0.000 0.070 0.070 0.020 . 0.035 0.070
A 2 2
1in. = 645 mm .
gated electrical signals are then used to describe a two- depth from 0.000 to 0.005 in. (0.000 to 0.127 mm) into the
dimensional plan view of defects in the interior of the tested actual brazed or welded layer.
object(s).This plan view of defect information at a given depth
5.2 System Calibration—The ultrasonic transducer, electri-
of analysis (that is, the brazed or welded layer within the cal instrumentation and display printer should be capable of
contactassembly)iscalledaC-scan.(SeeTerminologyE 500.)
accurate reproduction of the standard. Include this standard in
3.3 Data Presentation: every array of tested parts as an indication of system perfor-
3.3.1 The gated C-scan signals are used to drive an X-Y
mance.
plotter/printer that provides a permanent record of the defect
5.3 Standard Parts—Often it is necessary to obtain
plane being examined.
matched, focused t
...
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