ASTM E832-81(1997)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
Standard Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of filter paper for use in chemical analysis and provides procedures for the complete evaluation of the filter papers.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 832 – 81 (Reapproved 1997)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Laboratory Filter Papers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 832; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope such methods as to ensure compliance with the requirements of
Section 10, and shall be clean and free of imperfections that
1.1 This specification covers two types of filter paper for use
would affect their performance.
in chemical analysis and provides procedures for the complete
4.2 The papers shall be converted into circles, sheets, or any
evaluation of the filter papers.
required sizes.
2. Referenced Documents
5. General Requirements
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 All classes of filter paper shall comply with the require-
D 774 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Paper
ments given in Table 1 and Table 2 and Section 11.
2.2 TAPPI Standards:
5.2 The ash content of the Type II circles shall not exceed
T413 Ash in Paper
0.01 %.
T429 Alpha-Cellulose in Paper
5.3 Class D filter papers shall have a surface hard enough to
T509 Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) of Paper Extracts—
permit scraping collected precipitates off the sheet.
Cold Extraction Method
6. Sampling
3. Types and Classes
6.1 If testing is required, the sample of each class shall be
3.1 The types and classes of filter paper are as follows:
representative of the shipment, and specimens shall be taken at
3.1.1 Type I—To be used for qualitative analysis (low ash
random from at least 3 % of the total packages.
content):
3.1.1.1 Class AA, for very coarse and gelatinous precipi-
7. Retests
tates, very fast flow rate.
7.1 If the results of the tests indicate noncompliance with
3.1.1.2 Class A, for coarse and gelatinous precipitates, fast
the requirements of Table 1 and Table 2, or other factors
flow rate.
described within this specification, take another representative
3.1.1.3 Class B, for medium-size precipitates, medium flow
sample of the shipment, selecting the specimens from different
rate.
packages than those from which the first sample was taken.
3.1.1.4 Class C, for fine precipitates, slow flow rate.
7.2 Then test the second sample for compliance with this
3.1.1.5 Class D, hardened to facilitate scraping, for fine
specification.
precipitates, slow flow rate.
7.3 If the results of the retests indicate noncompliance with
3.1.2 Type II—to be used for quantitative analysis (ashless
this specification, immediately consult the manufacturer for
papers):
assistance in rectifying the problem.
3.1.2.1 Class E, for coarse and gelatinous precipitates, fast
flow rate.
8. Packaging and Marking
3.1.2.2 Class F, for medium-size precipitates, medium flow
8.1 Flat circles of filter paper shall be packaged in units of
rate.
100 circles of the same diameter. Prefolded or fluted circles
3.1.2.3 Class G, for fine precipitates, slow flow rate.
shall be packaged according to trade custom.
4. Manufacture 8.2 Each unit or package shall be marked with the manu-
facturer’s name, size of circles, or catalog and lot number.
4.1 The papers shall be made from such materials and by
9. Test Methods
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commmittee E-41 on
9.1 The most important tests to be performed are:
Laboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 on
9.1.1 pH Value—Determine in accordance with TAPPI
Glass Apparatus.
Method T 509.
Current edition approved April 20, 1981. Published June 1981. Originally
published as D 1100 – 50 T. Last previous edition D 1100 – 52 (1971). Redesignated
9.1.2 Alpha-Cellulose—Determine in accordance with
as E832 in June 1981.
TAPPI Method T 429. This test may or may not be used for lot
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
3 to lot determination.
Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, Technol-
9.1.3 Ash Content—Determine in accordance with Section
ogy Park/Atlanta, P.O. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 832
TABLE 1 General Requirements
taining specimens, as a check on possible loss of mass of the
Property Requirement crucibles themselves.
alphacellulose content, min, % 95
10.1.2.4 Test at least two specimens per sample.
pH value 5.0 to 8.0
10.1.3 Calculation and Report—Calculate and report the
ash, corrected for the results of the blank test, to two significant
TABLE 2 Wet Bursting Strength
figures. Determine the weight percentage of the paper dried at
Water Flow Rate and Retention of Precipitates
105°C.
10.1.4 Precision—Duplicate determinations shall agree as
Maximum
Wet Bursting Retention of Pre-
Class
Water Flow
follows:
Stength min, cipitates—Filtrate
Rate,
aug points Clear from:
Rounded to Reproducibility, %
aug, s
Ash, % Nearest
AA 3.0 10 ferric hydroxide
0.025 0.001 0.003
A 3.0 20 ferric hydroxide
0.025 to 0.01 0.005 0.01
B 3.5 40 lead sulfate
0.1 0.01 0.02
C 4.0 150 barium sulfate
D 45.0 300 barium sulfate 10.2 Retention of Precipitates:
E 3.0 20 ferric hydroxide
10.2.1 Apparatus:
F 3.5 40 lead sulfate
10.2.1.1 Glass Funnels, 60°, having stems about 6 in. long.
G 4.0 150 barium sulfate
10.2.2 Reagents:
10.2.2.1 Alcohol (95 %)—Ethanol or formula No. 30.
10.2.2.2 Ammonium Hydroxide—Add one part, by volume,
10.1 or TAPPI Method T 413, applicable for Type II papers.
of cp ammonium hydroxide (NH OH) to one part by volume
9.1.4 Retention of precipitates, simple method to determine
of distilled water.
retention ability of filter paper as determined in accordance
10.2.2.3 Barium Chloride Solution (50 g/L)—Dissolve 58.5
with 10.2.
g of cp barium chloride (BaCl ·2H O) in distilled water and
9.1.5 Water Flow Rate—Determine the flow rates of filter
2 2
dilute to 1 L.
paper in accordance with 10.3 or the Herzberg method (mea-
10.2.2.4 Ferric Chloride Solution—Dissolve 10 parts by
surement of time for the filtration of 100 mL of prefiltered
weight of cp ferric chloride (FeCl ·6H O) in 100 mL of
distilled water with a filter surface of 10 cm at a constant
3 2
distilled water.
pressure of 50 mm water column).
10.2.2.5 Hydrochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19).
9.1.6 Wet Bursting Strength—Determine in accordance with
10.4. 10.2.2.6 Lead Acetate, cp anhydrous.
10.2.2.7 Potassium Sulfate (K SO ) cp.
2 4
10. Test Methods
10.2.2.8 Sulfuric Acid (6 N).
10.2.3 Procedure:
10.1 Ash Content:
10.1.1 Apparatus: 10.2.3.1 Determine retention of precipitates by examining
the filtrate from freshly prepared suspensions of ferric hydrox-
10.1.1.1 Crucibles, 20-mL platinum, with tightly fitting
covers. One for each sample. ide, lead sulfate, or barium sulfate, after filtering through
specimens of the filter paper under test. To examine the filtrate,
10.1.1.2 Heat Source—An electric muffle furnace with an
operating temperature of approximately 925°C is rec
...
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