ASTM E832-81(2003)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
Standard Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
ABSTRACT
This specification provides complete evaluation procedures for two types of laboratory filter papers used in chemical analysis. The filter papers covered in this specification are grouped into two types according to which type of analysis each is used for, and seven classes according to flow rate and the type of precipitate it filters. The products should be made of materials and manufactured by methods which will ensure that each product would conform to the required values of ash content, wet bursting strength, maximum water flow rate, and precipitate retention.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of filter paper for use in chemical analysis and provides procedures for the complete evaluation of the filter papers.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 832 – 81 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Specification for
Laboratory Filter Papers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 832; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.2.2 Class F, for medium-size precipitates, medium flow
rate.
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverstwotypesoffilterpaperforuse
3.1.2.3 Class G, for fine precipitates, slow flow rate.
in chemical analysis and provides procedures for the complete
evaluation of the filter papers.
4. Manufacture
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 The papers shall be made from such materials and by
suchmethodsastoensurecompliancewiththerequirementsof
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Section 10, and shall be clean and free of imperfections that
D 774 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Paper
3 would affect their performance.
2.2 TAPPI Standards:
4.2 The papers shall be converted into circles, sheets, or any
T413 Ash in Paper
required sizes.
T429 Alpha-Cellulose in Paper
T509 HydrogenIonConcentration(pH)ofPaperExtracts—
5. General Requirements General Requirements
Cold Extraction Method
5.1 All classes of filter paper shall comply with the require-
3. Types and Classes ments given in Table 1 and Table 2 and Section 11.
5.2 The ash content of the Type II circles shall not exceed
3.1 The types and classes of filter paper are as follows:
0.01 %.
3.1.1 Type I—To be used for qualitative analysis (low ash
5.3 Class D filter papers shall have a surface hard enough to
content):
permit scraping collected precipitates off the sheet.
3.1.1.1 Class AA, for very coarse and gelatinous precipi-
tates, very fast flow rate.
6. Sampling
3.1.1.2 Class A, for coarse and gelatinous precipitates, fast
6.1 If testing is required, the sample of each class shall be
flow rate.
representative of the shipment, and specimens shall be taken at
3.1.1.3 Class B, for medium-size precipitates, medium flow
random from at least 3 % of the total packages.
rate.
3.1.1.4 Class C, for fine precipitates, slow flow rate.
7. Retests
3.1.1.5 Class D, hardened to facilitate scraping, for fine
7.1 If the results of the tests indicate noncompliance with
precipitates, slow flow rate.
the requirements of Table 1 and Table 2, or other factors
3.1.2 Type II—to be used for quantitative analysis (ashless
described within this specification, take another representative
papers):
sample of the shipment, selecting the specimens from different
3.1.2.1 Class E, for coarse and gelatinous precipitates, fast
packages than those from which the first sample was taken.
flow rate.
7.2 Then test the second sample for compliance with this
specification.
7.3 If the results of the retests indicate noncompliance with
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommmitteeE41 on
this specification, immediately consult the manufacturer for
Laboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 on
assistance in rectifying the problem.
Apparatus.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally
8. Packaging and Marking
publishedasD 1100 – 50T.LastpreviouseditionD 1100 – 52(1971).Redesignated
as E832 in June 1981.
8.1 Flat circles of filter paper shall be packaged in units of
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
3 100 circles of the same diameter. Prefolded or fluted circles
Available from TechnicalAssociation of the Pulp and Paper Industry, Technol-
ogy Park/Atlanta, P.O. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348. shall be packaged according to trade custom.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
E 832 – 81 (2003)
TABLE 1 General Requirements
10.1.2.2 Heatthecoveredcrucibleplustestspecimengradu-
Property Requirement ally until smoking ceases, remove cover, then continue heating
alphacellulose content, min,% 95
until the maximum temperature of 925°C is reached and
pH value 5.0 to 8.0
maintain for 2 h. Replace the cover and cool the covered
crucible in a desiccator until temperature equilibrium with the
surrounding air is reached. Weigh the crucible and contents to
TABLE 2 Wet Bursting Strength
the nearest 0.1 mg. Ignition is considered to be complete when
Water Flow Rate and Retention of Precipitates
the weight of the covered crucible and ash does not change by
Maximum
Wet Bursting Retention of Pre-
more than 0.2 mg after reheating at 925°C for 30 min.
Class
Water Flow
Stength min, cipitates—Filtrate
Rate, 10.1.2.3 Blank—Carryatarecruciblewithcoverthroughall
aug points Clear from:
aug, s
operations in exactly the same manner as the crucibles con-
AA 3.0 10 ferric hydroxide
taining specimens, as a check on possible loss of mass of the
A 3.0 20 ferric hydroxide
crucibles themselves.
B 3.5 40 lead sulfate
C 4.0 150 barium sulfate 10.1.2.4 Test at least two specimens per sample.
D 45.0 300 barium sulfate
10.1.3 Calculation and Report—Calculate and report the
E 3.0 20 ferric hydroxide
ash,correctedfortheresultsoftheblanktest,totwosignificant
F 3.5 40 lead sulfate
G 4.0 150 barium sulfate
figures. Determine the weight percentage of the paper dried at
105°C.
10.1.4 Precision—Duplicate determinations shall agree as
8.2 Each unit or package shall be marked with the manu-
follows:
facturer’s name, size of circles, or catalog and lot number.
Rounded to Reproducibility,%
Ash,% Nearest
9. Test Methods
0.025 0.001 0.003
0.025 to 0.01 0.005 0.01
9.1 The most important tests to be performed are:
0.1 0.01 0.02
9.1.1 pH Value—Determine in accordance with TAPPI
10.2 Retention of Precipitates:
Method T 509.
10.2.1 Apparatus:
9.1.2 Alpha-Cellulose—Determine in accordance with
TAPPI Method T 429. This test may or may not be used for lot 10.2.1.1 Glass Funnels, 60°, having stems about 6 in. long.
to lot determination. 10.2.2 Reagents:
9.1.3 Ash Content—Determine in accordance with Section
10.2.2.1 Alcohol (95%)—Ethanol or formula No. 30.
10.1 or TAPPI Method T 413, applicable for Type II papers.
10.2.2.2 Ammonium Hydroxide—Add one part, by volume,
9.1.4 Retention of precipitates, simple method to determine
of cp ammonium hydroxide (NH OH) to one part by volume
retention ability of filter paper as determined in accordance
of distilled water.
with 10.2.
10.2.2.3 Barium Chloride Solution (50 g/L)—Dissolve 58.5
9.1.5 Water Flow Rate—Determine the flow rates of filter
g of cp barium chloride (BaCl ·2H O) in distilled water and
2 2
paper in accordance with 10.3 or the Herzberg method (mea-
dilute to 1 L.
surement of time for the filtration of 100 mL of prefiltered
10.2.2.4 Ferric Chloride Solution—Dissolve 10 parts by
distilled water with a filter surface of 10 cm at a constant
weight of cp ferric chloride (FeCl ·6H O) in 100 mL of
3 2
pressure of 50 mm water column).
distilled water.
9.1.6 WetBurstingStrength—Determine in accordance with
10.2.2.5 Hydrochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19).
10.4.
10.2.2.6 Lead Acetate, cp anhydrous.
10.2.2.7 Potassium Sulfate (K SO ) cp.
10. Test M
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