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ASTM D3745/D3745M-95(2015)e1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Installation of Prefabricated Asphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal, and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type) (Withdrawn 2016)

Standard Practice for Installation of Prefabricated Asphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal, and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type) (Withdrawn 2016)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The practices described are only for water bearing reservoirs, ponds, canals, and ditches.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the description of suitable materials and procedures for installing prefabricated asphalt reservoir, pond, canal, and ditch liner (exposed type).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covered the description of suitable materials and procedures for installing prefabricated asphalt reservoir, pond, canal, and ditch liner (exposed type).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D35 on Geosynthetics, this practice was withdrawn in June 2016. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because it was transferred from another committee and no technical expert has come forward to review the standard.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Dec-2014
Withdrawal Date
06-Jun-2016
ICS
93.160 - Hydraulic construction
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3745-95(2006) - Standard Practice for Installation of Prefabricated Asphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal, and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2015

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ASTM D3745/D3745M-95(2015)e1 - Standard Practice for Installation of Prefabricated Asphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal, and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type) (Withdrawn 2016)ASTM D3745/D3745M-95(2015)e1 - Standard Practice for Installation of Prefabricated Asphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal, and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type) (Withdrawn 2016)
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ASTM D3745/D3745M-95(2015)e1 - Standard Practice for Installation of Prefabricated Asphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal, and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type) (Withdrawn 2016)
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D3745/D3745M − 95(Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Installation of Prefabricated Asphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal,
and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3745/D3745M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Units information was editorially corrected in January 2015.
1. Scope D2822 Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-
Containing
1.1 This practice covers the description of suitable materials
and procedures for installing prefabricated asphalt reservoir,
3. Terminology
pond, canal, and ditch liner (exposed type).
3.1 There are no terms in this practice that require new or
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
other dictionary definitions.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4. Significance and Use
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
4.1 The practices described are only for water bearing
with the standard.
reservoirs, ponds, canals, and ditches.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Materials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 The materials needed for the installation consist of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
lining sheets, a joint sealant (either a hot-mopped asphalt or a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cold-applied asphalt mastic type), and batten or cover strips for
the joints between sheets; all of which are manufactured for
2. Referenced Documents
compatibility to prevent exudation.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 The lining sheets should conform to Specification
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
D2643.
D6 Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and Asphaltic
5.3 The hot-mopped asphalt joint sealant should conform to
Compounds
one of the following specifications:
D36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-
5.3.1 Specification D312, Types II, III, or IV.
Ball Apparatus)
5.3.1.1 The choice of which type of roofing asphalt to use
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
for a particular application will be influenced by climatic
Open Cup Tester
conditions and must be determined by the installer.
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
5.3.2 An asphalt manufactured to the requirements in Table
D312 Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing
1.
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
5.3.3 Test Methods—The properties specified in Table 1
Trichloroethylene
may be determined as follows:
D2643 SpecificationforPrefabricatedBituminousGeomem-
5.3.3.1 Flash Point—Test Method D92.
brane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
5.3.3.2 Softening Point—Test Method D36.
5.3.3.3 Penetration—Test Method D5.
5.3.3.4 Ductility—Test Method D113.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
5.3.3.5 Weight Loss—Test Method D6.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published February 2015. Originally
5.3.3.6 Asphalt Soluble in Trichloroethylene —Test Method
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3745 – 95 (2006).
D2042.
DOI: 10.1520/D3745_D3745M-95R15E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.4 The cold-applied joint sealant should meet the require-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ments of Specification D2822 and should have the approval of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the manufacturer of the lining material.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D3745/D3745M − 95 (2015)
TABLE 1 Requirements for Asphalt
longitudinal cover strips should be overlapped 150 mm [6 in.]
Property min max about midway between alternating perpendicular butt joints of
Flash point, °C [°F] 218 [425] . the lining sheets.
Softening point, °C [°F] 96 [205] 107 [225]
8.2.1 Apply joint sealant along all joints at least as wide as
Penetration at 25°C [77°F], 100 g, 5 s 25 to 40
the cover strips. If sealant application is by any method other
Penetration at 0°C [32°F], 200 g, 60 s 15 .
Penetration at 46°C [115°F], 50 g, 5 s . 75 than pouring (for example, mopping, troweling, or spraying),
Ductility at 25°C [77°F], 5 cm/min, cm 30 .
apply another coat of sealant to the underside of the cover
Mass loss at 163°C [325°F], 5 h, % . 1
strips.
Penetration at 25°C [77°F] of residue 60 .
from 8.2.2 Position and press the cover strips immediately before
mass loss, compared to penetration
the joint sealant solidifies. Apply sufficient pressure to force
before 25°C [7°F] of residue from
out some of the sealant all along the edges.
heating, %
Asphalt soluble in trichloroethylene, % 98 .
8.2.3 Point the ends of the batten strips with cold asphalt
mastic or overmop with sealant.
9. Installation on Side Slope of a Reservoir or Pond
9.1 Do not attempt this type of installation on inclines
5.5 The batten or cover strips should meet the requirements
greater than 50 % (1 unit of rise for each 2 horizontal units).
of Specification D2643, except with a minimum thickness of 8
9.2 Position all sheets on slopes with their long dimension
mm [ ⁄16 in.] and a width of 203 mm [8 in.], unless other
parallel to the slope.
materials or thicknesses are recommended by the lining manu-
facturer or agreed upon between the purchaser and seller.
9.3 Layortrimallbottomsheetssothatalljointsareatleast
0.3 m [1 ft] up the slope or 0.3 m from the end of the slope on
6. Preparation of Subgrade
the bottom. The joint on the bottom is preferred.
6.1 Prepare the subgrade, whether soil, brick, concrete, or
9.4 Continue up the slope and at least1m[3ft] over the
other substrate, by whatever means are necessary to remove
berm, following the method of installation described in 8.1.2
any irregularities that might puncture or deform the lining.
and 8.2.
6.2 The subgrade should be designed to support the load of
10. Installation in Corners of Side Slopes of a Reservoir
the particular installation under consideration. Compaction of
or Pond
the soil to give a minimum 95 % modified pr
...

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ASTM D6034-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for (Analytical Procedure) Determining the Efficiency of a Production Well in a Confined Aquifer from a Constant Rate Pumping Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice allows the user to compute the true hydraulic efficiency of a pumped well in a confined aquifer from a constant rate pumping field test. The procedures described constitute the only valid method of determining well efficiency. Some practitioners have confused well efficiency with percentage of head loss associated with laminar flow, a parameter commonly determined from a step-drawdown test. Well efficiency, however, cannot be determined from a step-drawdown test but only can be determined from a constant rate test.  
5.2 Assumptions:  
5.2.1 Control well discharges at a constant rate, Q.  
5.2.2 Control well is of infinitesimal diameter.  
5.2.3 Data are obtained from the control well and, if available, a number of observation wells.  
5.2.4 The aquifer is confined, homogeneous, and extensive. The aquifer may be anisotropic, and if so, the directions of maximum and minimum hydraulic conductivity are horizontal and vertical, respectively.  
5.2.5 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.  
5.3 Calculation Requirements—For the special case of partially penetrating wells, application of this practice may be computationally intensive. The function fs shown in Eq 6 should be evaluated using arbitrary input parameters. It is not practical to use existing, somewhat limited, tables of values for fs and, because this equation is rather formidable, it may not be tractable by hand. Because of this, it is assumed the practitioner using this practice will have available a computerized procedure for evaluating the function fs. This can be accomplished using commercially available mathematical software including some spreadsheet applications. If calculating fs is not practical, it is recommended to substitute the Kozeny equation for the Hantush equation as previously described.
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes an analytical procedure for determining the hydraulic efficiency of a production well in a confined aquifer. It involves comparing the actual drawdown in the well to the theoretical minimum drawdown achievable and is based upon data and aquifer coefficients obtained from a constant rate pumping test.  
1.2 This analytical practice is used in conjunction with the field procedure, Test Method D4050.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The reporting of results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs.  
1.4 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for determination of well efficiency are related primarily to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this practice.  
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and round established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.  
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported date to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to ...

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ASTM D4106-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assumptions:  
5.1.1 Well discharges at a constant rate, Q.  
5.1.2 Well is of infinitesimal diameter and fully penetrates the aquifer.  
5.1.3 The nonleaky aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and aerially extensive. A nonleaky aquifer receives insignificant contribution of water from confining beds.  
5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.  
5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well conditions are shown in Fig. 1.    
5.2.3 Application of Theis Method to Unconfined Aquifers:  
5.2.3.1 Although the assumptions are applicable to artesian or confined conditions, the Theis solution may be applied to unconfined aquifers if drawdown is small compared with the saturated thickness of the aquifer or if the drawdown is corrected for reduction in thickness of the aquifer, and the effects of delayed gravity yield are small.
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5.2.3.3 Gravity Yield Effects—In unconfined aquifers, delayed gravity yield effects may invalidate measurements of drawdown during the early part of the test for application to the Theis method. Effects of delayed gravity yield are negligible in partially penetrating observation wells at and beyond a distance, r, from the control well, where:
After the time, t, as given in Eq 9 from Neuman (6).
     where:
  Sy  =  the specific yield. For fully penetrating observation wells, the effects of delayed yield are negligible at the distance, r, in Eq 8 after one tenth of the time given in the Eq 9.    
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1.1 This practice covers an analytical procedure for determining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of a nonleaky confined aquifer. It is used to analyze data on water-level response collected during radial flow to or from a well of constant discharge or injection.  
1.2 This analytical procedure, along with others, is used in conjunction with the field procedure given in Test Method D4050.  
1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this practice for determination of hydraulic properties of aquifers are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumptions of this practice (see 5.1).  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
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ASTM D5785/D5785M-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity of Confined Nonleaky Aquifers by Underdamped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The assumptions of the physical system are given as follows:  
6.1.1 The aquifer is of uniform thickness and confined by impermeable beds above and below.  
6.1.2 The aquifer is of constant homogeneous porosity and matrix compressibility and of homogeneous and isotropic hydraulic conductivity.  
6.1.3 The origin of the cylindrical coordinate system is taken to be on the well-bore axis at the top of the aquifer.  
6.1.4 The aquifer is fully screened.  
6.2 The assumptions made in defining the momentum balance are as follows:  
6.2.1 The average water velocity in the well is approximately constant over the well-bore section.  
6.2.2 Flow is laminar and frictional head losses from flow across the well screen are negligible.  
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6.2.4 Change in momentum from the water velocity changing from radial flow through the screen to vertical flow in the well are negligible.  
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ASTM D4105/D4105M-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assumptions:  
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5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.  
5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well conditions are shown in Fig. 1.    
5.2.3 Application of Theis Nonequilibrium Method to Unconfined Aquifers:  
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after the time, t, as given in the following equation from Neuman (9):
     where:
  Sy  =  the specific yield.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Practice for (Field Procedure) for Constant Drawdown Tests in Flowing Wells for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifer Systems

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5.1 Constant drawdown test procedures are used with appropriate analytical procedures to determine transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, and storage coefficient of aquifers.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene)-modified mopping asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roofing systems. This specification is intended as a material specification and issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope. The specified tests and property values are intended to establish minimum properties. In place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification. The base asphalt shall be prepared from crude petroleum and the SEBS-modified asphalt shall incorporate sufficient SEBS as the primary polymeric modifier. The SEBS modified asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the prescribed physical properties including (1) softening point before and after heat exposure, (2) softening point change, (3) flash point, (4) penetration before and after heat exposure, (5) penetration change, (6) solubility in trichloroethylene, (7) tensile elongation, (8) elastic recovery, and (9) low temperature flexibility. The sampling and test methods to determine compliance with the specified physical properties, as well as the evaluation for stability during heat exposure are detailed.
SCOPE
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SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D396-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Fuel Oils

ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.  
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.  
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.  
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.  
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8165-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and High-Torque Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6416/D6416M-16(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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