ASTM E1499-97

Standard Guide for Selection, Evaluation, and Training of Observers

SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes criteria and tests for selecting, evaluating, and training human visual-sensory observers for tasks involving the perception and scaling of properties and phenomena relating to appearance.
1.2 Examples of tests requiring the use of trained observers include but are not limited to those described in the following ASTM standards: on color, Test Method D1535 and Practice E1360; on color difference, Practice D1729 and Test Method D2616; on gloss, Test Method D4449; on metamerism, Practice D4086; and on setting tolerances, Practice D3134.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1996
• ICS: 13.100 - Occupational safety. Industrial hygiene
• Technical Committee: E12 - Color and Appearance
• Drafting Committee: E12.11 - Visual Methods

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E1499-97(2003) - Standard Guide for Selection, Evaluation, and Training of Observers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 1499 – 97
Standard Guide for
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Selection, Evaluation, and Training of Observers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1499; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ε) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 appearance, n—in psychophysical studies, perception
inwhichthespectralandgeometricaspectsofavisualstimulus
1.1 This guide describes criteria and tests for selecting,
are integrated with its illuminating and viewing environment.
evaluating, and training human visual-sensory observers for
3.2.2 observer, n—one who judges visually, qualitatively or
tasks involving the perception and scaling of properties and
quantitatively, the content of one or more appearance attributes
phenomena relating to appearance.
in each member of a set of objects or stimuli.
1.2 Examples of tests requiring the use of trained observers
3.2.3 scale, v—to assess the content of one or more appear-
include but are not limited to those described in the following
ance attributes in the members of a set of stimuli.
ASTM standards: on color, Test Method D 1535 and Practice
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Alternatively, scales may be deter-
E 1360; on color difference, Practice D 1729 and Test Method
mined by assessing the difference in content of an attribute
D 2616; on gloss, Test Method D 4449; on metamerism,
with respect to the differences in that attribute among the
Practice D 4086; and on setting tolerances, Practice D 3134.
members of the set.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Guide
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 This guide provides descriptions of techniques and tests
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
for the selection of candidates for observers for use in visual
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
testing, for the evaluation of their capabilities in this field, and
2. Referenced Documents for their training to enhance these capabilities.
4.2 Discussion is provided of precautions required for the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
efficientuseofobserversinvisualtests,includingavoidanceof
D 1535 Test Method for Specifying Color by the Munsell
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overtaxing the observers and the control of test variables.
System
4.3 Other considerations of test design, including the num-
D 1729 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Color Differences
2
bers of observers and observations required and the precision
of Opaque Materials
of the visual results, are to be covered elsewhere.
D 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
2
ence With a Gray Scale
5. Significance and Use
D 3134 Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Toler-
5.1 The term appearance (see 3.2.1) implies the essential
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ances
presence of human visual observations. The results of visual
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D 4086 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
observation involve not only the step of observing, accom-
D 4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-
plished by the eye, but also the inseparable step of interpreta-
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ences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance
tion in the brain. Instrumental test methods currently cannot
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E 284 Terminology of Appearance
duplicatethissecondstep,andthereforecannowonlyapproxi-
E 1360 Practice for Specifying Color by Using the Optical
mate, but not fully measure, appearance. Such instrumental
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Society of America Uniform Color Scales System
measures of appearance properties are useful only to the extent
3. Terminology that they can be correlated to the results of visual observations
by observers of the appearance phenomena being evaluated.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of appearance terms in Termi-
5.2 Almost invariably, too little attention has been paid to
nology E 284 are applicable to this guide.
ensuring that the essential visual observations have been
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
properlyobtainedtoprovidethebasisforcorrelatingvisualand
instrumental test results. (The only recent book devoted to
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-12 on Appearance visual measurements (1) has no index entry for observer.)
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.11 on Visual Methods.
Current edition approved July 10, 1997. Published September 1997. Originally
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published as E 1499 – 92. Last previous edition E 1499 – 94. The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. this standard.
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