ASTM C865-22

Standard Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is used to standardize the firing conditions of refractory concrete specimens prepared in accordance with Practice C862. The standards are set down to minimize laboratory-to-laboratory variation and do not attempt to duplicate any particular field applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the firing of specimens made from refractory concretes (castable refractories) in accordance with Practice C862 for cast specimens. The procedure is also recommended for heating rates to be used for high-temperature test methods such as Test Methods C16, C583, etc., when these methods are used to test refractory concretes.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2022
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.09 - Monolithics

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C865 − 22
Standard Practice for
1
Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C865; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice covers the firing of specimens made from 3.1 This practice is used to standardize the firing conditions
refractory concretes (castable refractories) in accordance with of refractory concrete specimens prepared in accordance with
Practice C862 for cast specimens. The procedure is also Practice C862. The standards are set down to minimize
recommended for heating rates to be used for high-temperature laboratory-to-laboratory variation and do not attempt to dupli-
test methods such asTest Methods C16, C583, etc., when these cate any particular field applications.
methods are used to test refractory concretes.
4. Apparatus
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Kiln, equipped with instruments capable of controlling
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
the heating rate of the kiln at 100 °F to 700 °F (55 °C to
information only.
390 °C)⁄h (see 6.5) and holding the soak temperature to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
610 °F (5.5 °C) of the nominal soak temperature. For tem-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
peratures up to 2500 °F (1370 °C) an electrically heated kiln is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
preferred, but gas- or oil-fired kilns can be used for all
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
temperatures, provided the heating rates specified can be
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
maintained, the flame of the burners does not impinge directly
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
on any specimen, and the furnace atmosphere contains a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
minimum of 0.5 % oxygen with 0 % combustibles.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Preparation of Samples
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 Samples are prepared by casting in accordance with
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Practice C862. If the sample size of the cast specimen is the
same as that specified for the test, it can be used directly.
2. Referenced Documents
However, cutting samples of the required size from larger cast
2
blocks will often be necessary (Note 1). In this case, it is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
recommended that the samples be cut with a diamond saw.
C16 Test Method for Load Testing Refractory Shapes at
After cutting, the samples should be dried at 230 °F (110 °C)
High Temperatures
for a minimum of 18 h. All cut samples should have sharp
C583 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory
edges and corners and should not show pull-out of grains on
Materials at Elevated Temperatures
the cut surfaces. For some low-strength castables, drying prior
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens
to cutting may be needed to increase their strength and
by Casting
resistance to pull-outs.
E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force
(emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
NOTE 1—Specimens cut from the interior of large cement-bonded
castables shapes may be stronger than specimens cut from small cast
shapes because the interior of large cast shapes are exposed to high-
pressure steam during dryout which causes more complete hydration of
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC08onRefractories
the cement.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
5.2 Some types of castables, especially those containing
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
aggregates of a relatively low hardness (such as lightweight
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C865 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/C0865-22.
castables), may be cut on a dry saw. This procedure is
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
acceptable provided that specimens with sharp corners and
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
edges, which show no signs of grain pull-out at the cut
Standards volume inf
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C865 − 17 C865 − 22
Standard Practice for
1
Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C865; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the firing of specimens made from refractory concretes (castable refractories) in accordance with Practice
C862 for cast specimens. The procedure is also recommended for heating rates to be used for high-temperature test methods such
as Test Methods C16, C583, etc., when these methods are used to test refractory concretes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C16 Test Method for Load Testing Refractory Shapes at High Temperatures
C583 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This practice is used to standardize the firing conditions of refractory concrete specimens prepared in accordance with Practice
C862. The standards are set down to minimize laboratory-to-laboratory variation and do not attempt to duplicate any particular
field applications.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Kiln, equipped with instruments capable of controlling the heating rate of the kiln at 100100 °F to 700 °F (55(55 °C to
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017Sept. 1, 2022. Published November 2017October 2022. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20132017
as C865 – 13.C865 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/C0865-17.10.1520/C0865-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C865 − 22
380 °C)390 °C) ⁄h (see 6.5) and holding the soak temperature to 610 °F (5.5 °C) of the nominal soak temperature. For
temperatures up to 2500 °F (1370 °C) an electrically heated kiln is preferred, but gas- or oil-fired kilns can be used for all
temperatures, provided the heating rates specified can be maintained, the flame of the burners does not impinge directly on any
specimen, and the furnace atmosphere contains a minimum of 0.5 % oxygen with 0 % combustibles.
5. Preparation of Samples
5.1 Samples are prepared by casting in accordance with Practice C862. If the sample size of the cast specimen is the same as that
specified for the test, it can be used directly. However, cutting samples of the required size from larger cast blocks will often be
necessary (Note 1). In this case, it is recommended that the samples be cut with a diamond saw. After cutting, the samples should
be dried at 230 °F (110 °C) for a minimum of 18 h. All cut samples should have sharp edges and corners and should not show
pull-out of grains on the cut surfaces. For some low-strength castables, drying prior to cutting may be needed to increase their
strength and resistance to pull-outs.
NOTE 1—Specimens cut from the interior of large cement-bonded castables shapes may be stronger than speci
...