ASTM D3498-03(2011)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Adhesives for Field-Gluing Plywood to Lumber Framing for Floor Systems
Standard Specification for Adhesives for Field-Gluing Plywood to Lumber Framing for Floor Systems
ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum performance standards and test requirements for gap-filling construction adhesives for field-gluing plywood to lumber framing for floor systems. The adhesive shall conform to the strength and durability properties prescribed. The different methods for specimen's preparation are presented in details. The shear strength, gap-filling effect on strength, and durability shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum performance standards and test requirements for gap-filling construction adhesives for bonding plywood to lumber framing, particularly floor joists, at the construction site.
1.2 This specification provides a basis for ensuring the quality of the adhesives and is not intended as an application specification.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D3498 −03 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Specification for
Adhesives for Field-Gluing Plywood to Lumber Framing for
Floor Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3498; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Support or Resist the Growth of Fungi
D4783Test Methods for Resistance of Adhesive Prepara-
1.1 This specification covers minimum performance stan-
tions in Container toAttack by Bacteria,Yeast, and Fungi
dards and test requirements for gap-filling construction adhe-
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
sives for bonding plywood to lumber framing, particularly
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
floor joists, at the construction site.
ASTM Test Methods
1.2 This specification provides a basis for ensuring the
3. Terminology
quality of the adhesives and is not intended as an application
specification.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Many terms in this specification are defined in Termi-
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
nology D907.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.2 gap-filling adhesive, n—an adhesive capable of form-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
ing and maintaining a bond between surfaces that are not
and are not considered standard.
close-fitting.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Close-fitting is relative to a given ma-
test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This
terial and industry; for example, standards in construction
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
differ from standards in electronics. Some adhesives will bond
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
bybridgingwithoutcompletelyfillingthegap;othersbyfilling
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
the gap completely.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3.1.3 open assembly time, n—the time interval between
tions prior to use.
applying adhesive on the subtrates and closing them together
before bonding.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Significance and Use
D572Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration by Heat and
4.1 This specification establishes test methods and perfor-
Oxygen
mance requirements for adhesives bonding plywood to wood
D905Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
framing members.
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
4.2 This specification provides a basis for ensuring the
D907Terminology of Adhesives
quality of the adhesives.
D2016Methods of Test for Moisture Content of Wood
4.3 The tests provide shear strength performance data when
(Withdrawn 1987)
the substrates are conditioned to simulate various conditions
D4300Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films to
that may occur during sub-floor adhesive application and
curing.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
4.4 The tests are suitable for product performance certifica-
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on Construction
tion and quality control programs, and can be useful to the
Adhesives.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published January 2011. Originally generalpublic,adhesivemanufacturers,distributors,specifiers,
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3498–03. DOI:
architects,contractors,testinglaboratoriesandotherbusinesses
10.1520/D3498-03R11.
and professionals.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.5 Theresultsdonotincludeallpossibleconditions,which
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
may occur during final assembly, but indicate a set of perfor-
the ASTM website.
mance characteristics for laboratory controlled bonding vari-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. ables.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3498−03 (2011)
5. Ordering Information 8. Sampling
5.1 The adhesive may be furnished by the manufacturer in 8.1 Arepresentative sample totaling not less than 1 qt (946
any suitable form agreeable to the purchaser. cm ) of the adhesive shall be taken from each lot to be tested.
8.2 For the purpose of sampling, a lot shall consist of
6. Materials
material from the same batch or blending operation subject to
6.1 Theadhesiveshallbeagap-fillingconstructionadhesive
the same processing operations and conditions.
that sets at temperatures as low as 40°F (4.4°C).
9. Number of Tests
6.2 Theadhesiveshallnotsupportmoldorbacterialgrowth.
If amylaceous or protein fillers and extenders are used in the
9.1 The number of test specimens shall be as specified in
adhesive formulation, the adhesive must not only pass the
each test method designated in Section 11 and Table 1. The
performancerequirementsofthisspecification,butinaddition,
average result for the specimens tested shall conform to the
possesssufficientanti-fungalpropertiestoinhibitthegrowthof
requirements prescribed in this specification.
selected fungal species when tested in accordance with Test
Methods D4300 and selected bacterial species in accordance
10. Specimen Preparation
with Test Methods D4783. The adhesive manufacturer shall
10.1 Materials—Use the following materials for the tests
notify in writing the agency responsible for testing, certifying,
outlined:
and compliance labeling of the adhesive whether any such
5 19
10.1.1 Plywood— ⁄8-in. or ( ⁄32-in. (15.1-m) thick, U.S.
materials are present in the adhesive.
Product Standard PS-1–95 grade marked stamped, commercial
6.3 The adhesive, when completely set, shall form a resil-
plywood, Group 1 Species, exterior glue, or sanded exterior-
ient bond that shall be durable when protected from direct
grade plywood, underlayment type with A grade face ply for
exposure to the weather, as defined by the requirements of this
the adhesion surface. The plywood must be flat within ⁄16 in.
specification.
(2 mm); that is, the maximum permissible bow for a 16-in.
(406-mm)lengthofplywoodshallbe ⁄16in.(2mm).Makethe
6.4 The adhesive shall be a uniform mixture suitable for
measurement across the top surface of the plywood. Use
extrusion by a caulking gun or other pressurized application
bowed plywood only if it meets the limitation above and if the
equipment.
convexity occurs on the bottom surface that will contact the
6.5 The adhesive shall permit an open assembly time of not
lumber. The plywood must be free of patches, core voids, and
less than 10 min when applied to the lumber framing in
knot holes in the glueline area.
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. It shall be
10.1.2 Lumber—2-in. (51-mm) (nominal) Douglas-fir and
functional, as defined in this specification, when applied to
southern pine; (Note 2) clear dry lumber (moisture content of
surfaces having a temperature range from 0 to 100°F (−17.8 to
8to15%)(Note 3). The surface shall be free of bark, knots,
37.8°C).
splits, and pitch.
NOTE1—Openassemblytimesthatarelessthan10minasagreedupon
between the manufacturer and user, are acceptable provided the adhesive
NOTE 2—Only the sapwood of loblolly, slash, longleaf, and shortleaf
meets the requirements of Table 1.
pine may be used.
NOTE 3—Test Methods D2016 can be used to determine moisture
6.6 Theadhesiveshallbefunctionalwhenappliedtolumber
content.
framing free of standing water, ice, or snow.
10.1.3 Adhesive—applied with a caulking gun.
7. Requirements
10.2 Number of Test Assemblies—Prepare three wood-
7.1 The adhesive shall conform to the strength and durabil- adhesivecompositetestassembliesasshowninFig.1foreach
ity properties shown in Table 1. condition specified.
TABLE 1 Adhesive Strength and Durability Requirements
Number of
Test Property Requirement Section Reference
Specimens
Test A (wet lumber)
Douglas-fir shear strength 24 150 psi (1.035 MPa), min avg 11.2
Southern pine shear strength 24 150 psi (1.035 MPa), min avg 11.2
Test B (frozen lumber)
Douglas-fir shear strength 24 100 psi (0.689 MPa), min avg 11.2
Southern pine shear strength 24 100 psi (0.689 MPa), min avg 11.2
Test C (dry lumber)
Douglas-fir shear strength 24 150 psi (1.035 MPa), min avg 11.2
GAP-filling
Douglas-fir shear strength 24 100 psi (0.689 MPa), min avg 11.3
Durability (moisture resistance)
Douglas-fir delamination 24 a minimum of 22 of 24 specimens shall show no 11.4
delamination.
shear strength 24 150 psi (1.035 MPa), min avg 11.4
Durability (oxidation resistance) flexibility 3 no fracture of free film on mandrel bend or visible 11.5
signs of melting after exposure
D3498−03 (2011)
the lumber must be reduced in width to achieve a maximum
1 ⁄2-in.(38-mm)dimension,planebothsidesinequalamounts.
10.3.2 Predrill the plywood and lumber with a No. 37
(diameter0.104in.(2.64mm))toreceivenailsasshowninFig.
1. Predrill the lumber to a depth of 1 in. (25 mm).
10.3.3 Condition the adhesive at 70 6 5°F (21.1 6 2.8°C)
for a period of 48 h prior to use.
10.3.4 Condition the lumber and plywood in accordance
with the schedules shown in Table 2, and the following
procedures:
10.3.4.1 Run Test A (wet lumber) and Test B (frozen
lumber) with both Douglas-fir and southern pine lumber.
10.3.4.2 Before fabricating samples with wet lumber sur-
faces (Test A), seal both ends of the lumber sections with
paraffin.Completelysubmergethelumberinwaterat70 65°F
(21.1 6 2.8°C) for 48 h for Douglas-fir, and for2hfor
southernpine.Aftersubmersion,wipeoffvisiblesurfacewater
and expose the lumber for 48 h at 100 6 5°F (37.8 6 2.8°C),
and 90 6 5% relative humidity. At the completion of the
humidity cycle, submerge the lumber in water at 70 6 5°F
(21.1+2.8°C) for 15 min. Wipe off visible surface water with
a clean, dry cloth and immediately begin the fabrication
Table of Dimensions
procedure as outlined in 10.4.1.
in. mm
10.3.4.3 Seal lumber for test assemblies with frozen lumber
Dimension Tolerance Dimension Tolerance
3 1
surfaces (Test B) at both ends with paraffin and submerge in
A 15 ⁄4 ⁄8 400 3
B 5 ⁄2 . 140 .
water as described in Table 2. After submersion, wipe off
C 16 . 406 .
visible surface water with a clean, dry cloth and store imme-
D 15 ⁄8 381 3
1 diately at 0 6 5°F (−17.8 6 2.8°C) for 48 h.
E 13 ⁄8 330 3
F 1 ⁄8 25 3
1 1 NOTE 4—For safety, conditioning chambers should have no ignition
G 1 ⁄2 min ⁄16 38 min 2
3 1
H 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 33 2 sources within the vapor space.
1 1
I 1 ⁄2 max ⁄16 38 max 2
10.4 Preparation of Shear Strength Specimens:
10.4.1 Apply an adhesive bead along the center line of a
FIG. 1 Test Assembly
mill-finished surface of the lumber, such that the bead extends
from one predrilled hole to the other, but not beyond. Apply
10.3 Conditioning of Materials: sufficient adhesive to give 100% coverage of the lumber
10.3.1 Cut lumber and plywood to the required size as surface, as evidenced by a “squeeze-out.” If it is necessary to
showninFig.1.Ifthelumbermustbereducedinheight,retain applytheadhesiveoutsideofthelumberconditioningchamber,
atleastonemill-finishedsurfaceasthesurfacetobebonded.If remove only one piece of lumber at a time, apply the adhesive
TABLE 2 Conditioning of Materials before Fabrication of Test Assemblies
Lumber
Test Plywood
Douglas-fir Southern Pine
Test A (wet lumber) 48 h soak in water at 70 ± 5°F 2 h soak in water at 70 ± 5°F (21.1 48hat100±5°F(37.8±
(21.1 ± 2.8°C), ± 2.8°C), 2.8°C) and 90 ± 5 % RH
then then
48hat100±5°F(37.8±2.8°C) 48 h at 100 ± 5°F (37.8 ± 2.8°C)
and 90 ± 5 % RH, and 90 ± 5 % RH,
then then
15-min soak in water at 70 ± 5°F 15 min soak in water at 70 ± 5°F
(21.1 ± 8°C) (21.1 ± 2.8°C)
Test B (frozen lumber) 48 h soak in water at 70 ± 5°F 2 h soak in water at 70 ± 5°F (21.1 48 h at 0 ± 5°F (−17.8 ± 2.8°C),
(21.1 ± 2.8°C), ± 2.8°C), with RH uncontrolled
then then
48 h at 0 ± 5°F (−17.8 ± 2.8°C), 48 h at 0 ± 5°F (−17.8 ± 2.8°C),
with RH uncontrolled with RH uncontrolled
Test C (dry lumber) 48 h at 100 ± 5°F (37.8 ± 2.8°C) . same as lumber
and RH max of 40 %
Gap-filling 48 h at 70 ± 5°F (21.1 ± 2.8°C) . same as lumber
and 50 ± 10 % RH
Durability (moisture resistance) 48 h at 70 ± 5°F (21.1 ± 2.8°C) . same as lumber
and 50 ± 10 % RH
D3498−03 (2011)
bead, then condition the lumber with adhesive applied for a
minimum of 10 min and a maximum of 12 min in accordance
with Table 3.
10.4.2 Before placing the plywood on the adhesive-covered
surface, insert spacers, ⁄4 in. wide by 0.006 in. thick by 4 in.
long(6by0.15by102mm),atthemidpointofthelumberand
attheoutboardsideofeachnail,asshowninFig.2.Beforethe
spacerisinsertedatthemidpoint,scrapeawaya1-in.(25-mm)
segment of the adhesive bead at the midpoint. Do not permit
adhesive between the spacer and substrate.
NOTE 5—Aluminum embossing tape is suggested for use as spacers.
10.4.3 Position the plywood on the adhesive-covered sur-
face with the aid of a positioning jig as shown in Fig. 3. Nail
in place with 6-penny (2 in. (51 mm) in length) scaffold nails.
Makethetopofthelowerheadofascaffoldnailflushwiththe
surface of the plywood.
10.4.4 Apply a uniform pressure of 4 6 0.25 psi (28 6 2 Table of Dimensions
in. mm
kPa)acrosstheentirebondedareaoftheassemblyforaperiod
Dimension Tolerance Dimension Tolerance
of 1 min at 70 6 5°F (21.1 6 2.8°C). Apply this pressure by
A 15 ⁄8 381 3
1 1
any appropriate means, including a press with a suitable insert B 6 ⁄2 ⁄8 165 3
C 1 ⁄8 25 3
between the nails or a combination of uniformly distributed
D 13 ⁄8 330 3
weights between the nails.
10.4.5 Settheadhesiveintheassembliesinaccordancewith
FIG. 2 Placement of Spacers in Test Assemblies
the schedules shown in Table 4.
10.4.6 Afterthespecifiedsettingtime,removethenails,but
10.7.1 Prepare specimens by casting wet films of adhesive
leave the spacers in place. Using a sharp saw, cut off the
lengthwise on silicone release paper or polyethylene sheet, as
plywoodflushwiththesidesurfacesofthelumber,atthesame
shown in Fig. 7. Control thickness and width of the castings
time removing any excess adhesive. Cut eight block-shear
with the spreader shown in Fig. 7. Cast the first film of
specimens from each assembly as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
adhesive using the 0.050-in. (1.27-mm) gap of the spreader.
10.5 Preparation of Specimens for Test of Gap-Filling Effect
Condition this film for 3 h at 70 6 5°F (21.
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