ASTM C273/C273M-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The core shear properties are fundamental properties that are used in the design of sandwich panels. This test method provides information on the force-deflection behavior of sandwich constructions or cores when loaded in shear parallel to the plane of the facings. From a complete force-deflection curve, it is possible to compute core shear stress at any force (such as the shear stress at proportional limit, at yield, or at maximum force) and to compute an effective core shear modulus.
The test does not produce pure shear, but the specimen length is prescribed so that secondary stresses have a minimum effect. Approximate shear properties can also be obtained from a sandwich flexure test (see Test Method C 393).
This test method provides a standard method of obtaining sandwich core shear data for material specifications, sandwich panel design, research and development applications, and quality assurance.
Factors that influence core shear strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: facing material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, core geometry (density, cell size, orientation, etc.), adhesive thickness, specimen geometry and associated measurement accuracy, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, and adhesive void content. Further, core-to-facing strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facings in sandwich panels with the same core and facing material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear properties of sandwich construction core materials associated with shear distortion of planes parallel to the facings. It covers the determination of shear strength parallel to the plane of the sandwich, and the shear modulus associated with strains in a plane normal to the facings. The test may be conducted on core materials bonded directly to the loading plates or the sandwich facings bonded to the plates. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C273/C273M − 11
StandardTest Method for
1
Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C273/C273M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
properties of sandwich construction core materials associated
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
with shear distortion of planes parallel to the facings. It covers
Resins
the determination of shear strength parallel to the plane of the
D2734 TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
sandwich, and the shear modulus associated with strains in a
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
plane normal to the facings.The test may be conducted on core
materials bonded directly to the loading plates or the sandwich Materials
facings bonded to the plates. Permissible core material forms D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa
D5229/D5229M TestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
surfaces (such as honeycomb).
Composite Materials
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
tion
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
D5961/D5961M Test Method for Bearing Response of Poly-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
mer Matrix Composite Laminates
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
brackets.
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Lot or Process
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ASTM Test Methods
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
2. Referenced Documents
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-
C271/C271M Test Method for Density of Sandwich Core
Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
Materials
E1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
C393 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Sandwich
Constructions
3. Terminology
1 3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on
to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
Sandwich Construction.
C274 defines terms relating to structural sandwich construc-
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
tions. Terminology D883 defines terms relating to plastics.
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C273 – 07a. DOI:
10.1520/C0273_C0273M-11.
Terminology E6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Terminology E456 and Practice E177 define terms relating to
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
statistics.Intheeventofaconflictbetweenterms,Terminology
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. D3878 shall have precedence over the other terminologies.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C273/C273M − 11
3.2 Symbols: conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment,
b = width of speci
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C273/C273M–07a Designation:C273/C273M–11
Standard Test Method for
1
Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C273/C273M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear properties of sandwich construction core materials associated with shear
distortion of planes parallel to the facings. It covers the determination of shear strength parallel to the plane of the sandwich, and
the shear modulus associated with strains in a plane normal to the facings. The test may be conducted on core materials bonded
directly to the loading plates or the sandwich facings bonded to the plates. Permissible core material forms include those with
continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as
honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system aremay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
mustshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C271/C271M Test Method for Density of Sandwich Core Materials
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
C393 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Sandwich Constructions
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Preparation
D5961/D5961M Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Sandwich
Construction.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007.Nov. 15, 2011. Published October 2007.December 2011. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as
C273 – 07a. DOI: 10.1520/C0273_C0273M-07A. 10.1520/C0273_C0273M-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C273/C273M–11
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
E1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology C274
defines terms relating to
...
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