ASTM F2039-00(2006)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Basic Elements of Shipboard Occupational Health and Safety Program
Standard Guide for Basic Elements of Shipboard Occupational Health and Safety Program
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide does not set specific performance or technical criteria, but recommends that companies set policies and objectives and develop procedures for managing their health and safety program. Companies should consider their unique organization, culture, and hazards on their vessels and the possible effects of their operations. The elements are intentionally flexible and may be tailored to address any size of operation or any vessel type. Note that although the standard is aimed at the shipboard occupational health and safety program, some of the elements address activities and commitments that must be completed or made by shore side personnel (for example, executive management commitment and provision of adequate resources). Key to the effectiveness of the program is the implementation of each element within an interconnected system.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the basic elements of a Shipboard Occupational Health and Safety Program (SOHSP). These elements are applicable to all vessel types including but not limited to tank vessels, dry bulk carriers, passenger vessels, roll-on roll-off vessels, ore bulk oilers, offshore supply vessels, tugboats, towboats, and barges. The elements described are fundamental pieces of a systematic occupational safety and health program and may be used by company line managers, health and safety personnel or consultants who are implementing, improving, or auditing the effectiveness of a shipboard health and safety program.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F2039 – 00 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Guide for
Basic Elements of Shipboard Occupational Health and
Safety Program
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ANSI/ASA S3.44-1996 Determination of Occupational
Noise Exposure and Estimation of Noise-Induced Hearing
1.1 This guide covers the basic elements of a Shipboard
Impairment
Occupational Health and Safety Program (SOHSP). These
ANSI/AWS Z49.1-1994 Safety in Welding, Cutting and
elements are applicable to all vessel types including but not
Allied Processes
limited to tank vessels, dry bulk carriers, passenger vessels,
2.2 Other Documents:
roll-on roll-off vessels, ore bulk oilers, offshore supply vessels,
NFPA 306-1997 Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels
tugboats, towboats, and barges. The elements described are
NFPA 1991-2000: Vapor Protective Suits for Hazardous
fundamental pieces of a systematic occupational safety and
Chemical Emergencies
health program and may be used by company line managers,
NFPA 1992-2000: Liquid Splash Protective Suits for Haz-
health and safety personnel or consultants who are implement-
ardous Chemical Emergencies
ing, improving, or auditing the effectiveness of a shipboard
IMO A.468(XII) Code on Noise Levels Onboard Ships
health and safety program.
IMO A.849 (20) Code for Investigation of Marine Casual-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ties and Incidents
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
IMO A.864 (20) Recommendations for Entering Enclosed
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Spaces Aboard Ships
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
46 CFR 16.210 Pre-employment Testing Requirements
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
U.S. Coast Guard Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular
2. Referenced Documents
2–98 Physical Evaluation Guidelines for Merchant Mari-
ner’s Documents and Licenses
2.1 ANSI Standards:
ANSI Z4.1-1986 Minimum Requirements for Sanitation in
3. Significance and Use
Places of Employment
3.1 This guide does not set specific performance or techni-
ANSI Z41-1991 Personal Protection – Protective Footwear
cal criteria, but recommends that companies set policies and
ANSI Z87.1-1989 Practice for Occupational and Educa-
objectives and develop procedures for managing their health
tional Eye and Face Protection
2 and safety program. Companies should consider their unique
ANSI Z88.2-1992 Respiratory Protection
organization, culture, and hazards on their vessels and the
ANSIZ89.1-1986 ProtectiveHeadwearforIndustrialWork-
2 possible effects of their operations.The elements are intention-
ers
ally flexible and may be tailored to address any size of
ANSI Z244.1-1982 (R1993) Safety Requirements for the
2 operation or any vessel type. Note that although the standard is
Lock Out/Tag Out of Energy Sources
aimedattheshipboardoccupationalhealthandsafetyprogram,
ANSI/ASA S3.18-1979 (R1993): Guide for the Evaluation
some of the elements address activities and commitments that
of Human Exposure to Whole Body Vibration
must be completed or made by shore side personnel (for
example, executive management commitment and provision of
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
General Requirements. Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originally Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F2039 – 00. DOI: Available from International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment,
10.1520/F2039-00R06. London SE1 75R, United Kingdom.
2 5
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2039 – 00 (2006)
adequate resources). Key to the effectiveness of the program is should receive training to enable them to carry out their health
the implementation of each element within an interconnected and safety program responsibilities. Further guidance is pro-
system. vided in Annex A4.
4.5 Record Keeping—Company records sufficient to dem-
4. Basic Elements
onstrate the effectiveness of the health and safety program
4.1 Executive Management Commitment and Leadership—
should be maintained. Data that enables trend or pattern
Executive management commitment and leadership is a pre-
analysis for root causes is particularly desirable. For example,
condition for an effective SOHSP. Executive management
results of audits that evaluate effectiveness of the safety and
commitment and leadership includes, but is not limited to
health management system should be maintained. Records that
integratinghealthandsafetyintothemanagementstructureand
indicate industrial hygiene exposure assessments have been
fabric of the company, developing a health and safety policy,
conducted and appropriate controls have been implemented
developing health and safety objectives, providing resources to
should be maintained. Current job safety analyses and corre-
achieve the objectives, defining stewardship responsibilities
sponding standard operating procedures with safe work prac-
and providing authority to carry out those responsibilities, and
tices should be documented. Injury and illness data should be
establishingaccountabilityforsafetyandhealthasapartofjob
maintained to enable the identification of trends and patterns
performance reviews. Further guidance is provided in Annex
that associate the injury or illness with a common cause, which
A1.
can be addressed. Training topics, lesson outlines, and attend-
4.2 Employee Participation—Employees from all levels
ees should be documented. Where appropriate, such records
including crewmembers, officers, masters, persons in charge,
should permit evaluation of the program on individual vessels
and shoreside personnel should be directly involved with the
aswellasacrossanentirefleet.Furtherguidanceisprovidedin
SOHSP. Shipboard and shoreside employees should be in-
Annex A5.
volved in developing, implementing, evaluating, and modify-
4.6 Contract or Third Party Personnel—When contract or
ing the SOHSP. Employees should also participate in setting
third party personnel are on board to perform work, vessel
health and safety objectives and performance criteria. This
personnel should provide information regarding potential haz-
involvementmightbethroughemployeemembershiponsafety
ards on the vessel that may affect the contract or third party
committees that provide input to management for the develop-
personnel. Potential hazards related to the work conducted by
ment of safety and health policy, debate and set health and
contract or third party personnel should be provided to the
safety goals, measure and evaluate performance, and recom-
vesselowner/operatorand/orthemaster/personincharge.Each
mend modifications to the program based on their evaluation.
employer should provide appropriate information regarding
Shoreside and shipboard employees should work together to
vessel and work hazards to their own employees. For example,
achieve safety and health goals. For example, shoreside per-
exchange of information on chemical hazards might be accom-
sonnel should participate on vessel safety committees since
plished by exchanging appropriate material safety data sheets
their decisions affect vessel operations and ultimately the
(MSDS), then each employer can inform their own employees
health and safety of vessel personnel. In large companies,
of the hazards identified in the MSDS. Further guidance is
individual vessel safety committees might submit recommen-
provided in Annex A6.
dations to an overarching safety committee that evaluates the
4.7 Fatality, Injury, Illness, and Incident Investigation—
recommendations and sets policy to apply appropriate recom-
Personnel injuries, occupational illnesses, and “near miss”
mendations to the entire fleet. Further guidance is provided in
incidentsshouldbepromptlyinvestigated.Thecurrentincident
Annex A2.
and other similar occurrences should be analyzed to identify
4.3 Hazard Anticipation, Identification, Evaluation and
the primary (root) cause and any contributing factors. The
Control—The core function of any health and safety program
investigation report, setting forth primary cause, contributing
is prevention. Health and safety hazards including fire, reac-
factors, and corrective measures should be presented to man-
tivity, and chemical and physical hazards, need to be antici-
agement. Followup action that specifically addresses the re-
pated and prevented from occurring. Hazards and unsafe
port’s recommendations for corrective action should be under-
operating procedures need to be identified and addressed so
taken and documented. Further guidance is provided inAnnex
they will not endanger employees or the public and will not
A7.
damage the vessel, cargo, or third party property. Potential
hazards should be systematically anticipated, identified, evalu- 4.8 Systematic Program Evaluation and Continuous
ated, and controlled. Tools such as job hazard analysis, Improvement—Maintaining an effective health and safety pro-
industrial hygiene exposure assessments, and risk assessment/ gram is an ongoing process. The SOHSP should have systems
management methodologies enable the evaluation and control for detecting, reporting, and correcting nonconformities to the
of hazards. Further guidance is provided in Annex A3. program. Some type of “formalized” evaluation should also be
4.4 Training—Employees should receive training appropri- conducted on a periodic basis consistent with other aspects of
ate for their duties and responsibilities so that they may work the vessel’s management plan. The evaluation should deter-
safely and not endanger their shipmates or the public. In mine whether the SOHSP is appropriate for the vessel and its
addition, employees who have specific health and safety operations, that actual practices are consistent with the pro-
responsibilities (generally supervisors with responsibility for grams and procedures in the SOHSP, and that the SOHSP is
the safety of others, but also nonsupervisors who are assigned effective. Comparison of data and records (refer to Annex A5,
to safety committees or as crew member representatives) Record Keeping) to performance objectives and criteria (refer
F2039 – 00 (2006)
to Annex A1, Section A1.3, health and safety objectives) can 5. Keywords
provideimportantindicatorsoftheeffectivenessoftheSOHSP.
5.1 health; safety
Further guidance is provided in Annex A8.
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT AND LEADERSHIP
A1.1 Health and safety programs are most effective when A1.3.1 Eliminate lost time incidents,
they are integrated into the management structure of a com-
A1.3.2 Report “near miss” incidents or problems, evaluate,
pany, rather than treated as an “add on” program. Examples of and if appropriate, implement changes to prevent a more
integrated health and safety efforts include:
serious incident or accident in the future,
A1.3.3 Develop and implement a program of evaluations
A1.1.1 Developing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs),
through drills and other means (for example, simulators) to
written to the education level of the person who must follow
ensure that personnel are competent to carry out their duties,
the SOP, that integrate safe work practices and basic opera-
A1.3.4 Improve the health and safety program by review-
tional functions,
ing, considering, and implementing appropriate published
A1.1.2 Making design review by qualified health and safety
industry practices and consensus standards rather than relying
personnel an element of the acquisition procedures, and
on the imposition of new regulatory standards. Examples of
A1.1.3 Making consultation with qualified health and safety
consensus standards to consider include, but are not limited to:
personnel a part of the process when making changes to
ANSI Z41-1991, ANSI Z87.1-1989, ANSI Z88.2-1992,
operations.
ANSI Z89.1-1986, ANSI Z244.1–1982 (R1993), ANSI/ASA
S3.18-1979 (R1993), ANSI/ASA S3.44-1996, ANSI/AWS
A1.2 Executive management sets the tone for the entire
Z49.1-1994, ANSI Z4.1-1986, NFPA 1991-2000, NFPA 1992-
SOHSP through their policy regarding health and safety.
2000, NFPA 306-1997, IMOA.864 (20), and IMOA.468(XII).
Examples of values that can be stated and commitments that
A1.3.5 Complete periodic comprehensive (or area-specific)
can be made in company policy include:
hazard review,
A1.2.1 Astatement that the company will make every effort
A1.3.6 Reduceexposurelevelstoairbornevaporstoaccept-
to provide a safe and healthy workplace and that working
able levels through appropriate controls,
safely is a condition of employment,
A1.3.7 Complete annual respiratory fit testing on schedule,
A1.2.2 Statements that convey how important each crew
A1.3.8 Develop and implement acute toxic exposure proce-
member is to the vessel as a fellow worker and as a company
dures addressing first aid procedures, obtaining additional
resource:
emergency medical assistance, and appropriate medical sur-
A1.2.2.1 “The basic safety policy of this company is that no
veillance tests (for example, S-phenylmercapturic acid in urine
task is so important that an employee must violate a safety rule
following a potential benzene overexposure), and
or put himself or herself at risk of injury or illness in order to
A1.3.9 Develop and implement an occupational health
get it done.”,
medical surveillance plan.
A1.2.3 A written commitment to provide resources neces-
sary to implement the health and safety program could also be
NOTE A1.1—The intent of this medical surveillance plan is to ensure
included in the policy statement, and
employees are not overexposed to hazards on the job including chemicals,
radiation, noise, and so forth. This section is not intended to address
A1.2.4 Management can demonstrate commitment to the
requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act or issues covered by
safety and health policies through word and action. For
physica
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