iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D4323-84(2003)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance

Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Hydrogen sulfide is an odorous substance which is offensive even at low concentrations in the atmosphere and toxic at higher levels. It may be a product of biological processes in the absence of oxygen, as may occur in municipal garbage landfills. It is emitted from geothermal sources, occurs in oil and gas, and may be emitted from industrial processes. Measurement is required for air pollution studies, for pollution control, and for plume characterization. Equipment described is suitable for fixed site or for mobile monitoring.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the automatic continuous determination of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the atmosphere or in gaseous samples in the range from one part per billion by volume (1 ppb/v) to 3000 ppb/v. Information obtained may be used for air-pollution studies and to monitor for emission sources.  
1.2 The range may be extended by appropriate dilution techniques or by equipment modification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4 for specific safety precautionary statements.)

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2003
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4323-84(1997)e1 - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D4323-84(2009) - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6021-22 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Total Hydrogen Sulfide in Residual Fuels by Multiple Headspace Extraction and Sulfur Specific Detection
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4844-16 - Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM D1711-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4323-21 - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003

Buy Standard

ASTM D4323-84(2003) - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of ReflectanceASTM D4323-84(2003) - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D4323-84(2003) - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance
English language
5 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4323 – 84 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of
Reflectance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4323; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope detected by a photocell. The rate of change of reflectance is
proportional to H S concentration.
1.1 This test method covers the automatic continuous deter-
mination of hydrogen sulfide (H S) in the atmosphere or in
4. Significance and Use
gaseous samples in the range from one part per billion by
4.1 Hydrogen sulfide is an odorous substance which is
volume (1 ppb/v) to 3000 ppb/v. Information obtained may be
offensive even at low concentrations in the atmosphere and
used for air-pollution studies and to monitor for emission
toxic at higher levels. It may be a product of biological
sources.
processes in the absence of oxygen, as may occur in municipal
1.2 The range may be extended by appropriate dilution
garbage landfills. It is emitted from geothermal sources, occurs
techniques or by equipment modification.
in oil and gas, and may be emitted from industrial processes.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Measurement is required for air pollution studies, for pollution
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
control, and for plume characterization. Equipment described
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is suitable for fixed site or for mobile monitoring.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See 6.2, 6.3, and ,
4 5
5. Apparatus
6.4 for specific safety precautionary statements.)
5.1 Rate-of-Reaction H S Analyzer—Sample is passed
2. Referenced Documents across a lead acetate-treated surface causing a reflectance
2 change. Hydrogen sulfide is determined by measuring the rate
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of change of reflectance resulting from darkening when lead
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
sulfide is formed. Equipment consists of a small flowmeter,
D 2420 Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide In Liquefied
humidifier, sensing surface exposure chamber, optical system,
Petroleum (LP) Gases (Lead Acetate Method)
and electronic system. (See Fig. 2.) A complete analysis in
D 2725 Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in Natural Gas
3 about 1 min results from use of the rate of change of color
(Methylene Blue Method)
rather than magnitude of cumulative color development. The
3. Summary of Test Method electronic system provides an output that is proportional to the
derivative of the photocell signal, caused by reflectance
3.1 Hydrogen sulfide is determined by use of the reaction of
change, and this rate measurement is a measure of H S
H Swithleadacetate-impregnatedpapertape.Detectionofthe 2
concentration.Anew section of sensing material is drawn into
rate of change of reflectance provides measurement in ppb/v
the sensing chamber at approximately 3-min intervals to
ranges with an approximate 3-min analysis cycle time. (See
provide a new independent measurement.
Fig. 1.) Sample gas is passed through a flowmeter and a
5.2 Recorder—A method of recording the electronic signal
humidifier; then across lead acetate-treated paper tape. A
is required. This may take any form that is suitable for the
constant humidity is required for a constant reaction rate of
record required. A typical system recorder will accept a range
H S with lead acetate. The resultant change in reflectance is
from 0 to 10 V from an output impedance of 1000 V
(maximum). An attenuator or amplifier (usually incorporated
into the recorder) may be used for other sensor signal levels.A
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient
Atmospheres and Source Emissions.
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally The sole source of supply of the apparatus described in 5.1, 5.3, and 6.3 known
e1
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 4323 - 84 (1997) . tothecommitteeatthistimeisHoustonAtlas,Inc.,22001N.ParkDr.,Houston,TX
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 77339-3809. If you are aware of alternate suppliers, please provide this information
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on meeting of the responsible technical committee , which you may attend.
the ASTM website. Kimbell, C. L. and Drudhel, H. V., “Trace Sulphur Determination in Petroleum
Withdrawn Fractions,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol 50, 1978, p 26.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4323 – 84 (2003)
FIG. 1 Rate of Change of Reflectance Type H S Readout System
chart speed of 1 cm/min is suitable for short term analyses. A Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such
chartspeedof1to5cm/hispreferableforlong-termsampling. specifications are available.
Electronic processing, such as integrators, may be added when 6.2 Acetic Acid Solution (50 mL/L)—Dilute 50 mL of
concentration averages over an interval of time are desirable. glacial acetic acid (CH COOH), reagent grade, to make 1 Lof
solution using Type III water prepared as described in Speci-
5.3 Reference Gas Preparation:
fication D 1193. Caution: Concentrated acetic acid fumes are
5.3.1 Mixing—Acalibrated 10-Lcylinder having a movable
anirritantandcancausedamagetoskinandmucusmembrane.
piston for use in making volumetric mixtures of gases in the
Handle carefully to avoid injury.
ppb/v range may be used. Materials of construction must be
6.3 Sensing Tape—Prepare sensing tape as described inTest
inerttoH Sandnotleadtoadeteriorationofpreparedsamples.
Method D 2420 or use commercial sensing tape that has been
Acylinder of acrylic lubricated with silicone grease and using
prepared in a similar manner. Keep sensing tape in a sealed
a silicone O-ring has been found to be suitable. Concentration
container to prevent exposure to ambient H S. Caution: Lead
remains stable to within 1 % over a 1-h period.
acetate is a cumulate poison; wash hands after handling and do
5.3.2 Hypodermic Syringe—Gas-tight syringes of 10 and
not breathe any dust containing lead acetate.
50-µl capacity. A side port is convenient for purging. Avoid
6.4 Hydrogen Sulfide (99.5 %)—Commercially available
LuertipsyringesmadeofplatedbrassasH Sreactswithbrass.
H S has been found not to be sufficiently pure. Purity certifi-
Other convenient small volume measurement devices such as a
cation is recommended or a commercially available H S
microlitre valve may be used.
generator may be used. Caution: Hydrogen sulfide is toxic at
5.3.3 Pump—A sample pump capable of providing 500
levels above 10 000 ppb/v. Use only under an appropriate
mL/min flow at approximately 35 kPa [5 psi]. The pump
fume hood. Use protective glasses if liquid H S in cylinders is
wettedpartsmustbeinerttoH Sandnotleadtoadeterioration
of the sample.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
6. Reagent and Materials
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
used in all tests. Unless otherwise noted, all reagents shall
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical MD.
D 4323 – 84 (2003)
FIG
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E3193-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lead (Pb) by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use with other standards that address the collection and preparation of samples (airborne particulate, dusts by wipe and micro-vacuuming, dried paint chips, and soils) that are obtained during the assessment or mitigation of lead hazards from buildings and related structures.  
5.2 Laboratories analyzing samples obtained during the assessment or mitigation of lead hazards from buildings and related structures shall conform to Practice E1583, or shall be recognized for lead analysis as promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction, or both.  
Note 2: In the United States of America, laboratories performing analysis of samples collected during lead-based paint activities are required to be accredited to ISO/IEC 17025 and to other requirements promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  
5.3 This test method may also be used to analyze similar samples from other environments such as toxic characteristic extracts of waste sampled using Guide E1908, and soil and sludge as prepared for analysis using U.S. EPA SW-846 Test Method 1311.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead (Pb) in airborne particulate, dust by wipe and micro-vacuuming, paint, and soil collected in and around buildings and related structures by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) and is derived from Test Methods D4185 and E1613.  
1.2 The sensitivity, detection limit, and optimum working concentration for lead (Pb) are given in Table 1.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other values of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The SI and inch-pound units shown for wipe and micro-vacuuming sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe and micro-vacuuming sampling data (14.4.2 and 14.4.3).  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7440-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Characterizing Uncertainty in Air Quality Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 A primary use intended for this practice is for qualifying ASTM International Standards as Standard Test Methods. In the past, a “Precision and Bias” report has been required. However, recently a statement of uncertainty has become an acceptable alternative to Guide D3670. Inclusion of such a statement with a method description simplifies comparison of ASTM Test Methods to analogous ISO and Committee for European Normalization (CEN) standards, now required to have uncertainty statements.  
6.2 Standardizing the characterization of sampling/analytical method performance is expected to be useful in other applications as well. For example, performance details are a necessity for justifying compliance decisions based on experimental air quality assessments (7). Documented uncertainty can form a basis for specific criteria defining acceptable sampling/analytical method performance.  
6.3 Furthermore, high quality atmospheric measurements are vital for making decisions as to how hazardous substances are to be controlled. Valid data are required for drawing reasonable epidemiological conclusions, for making sound decisions as to acceptable limits, as well as for determining the efficacy of a hazard control system.  
6.4 Finally, because of developing world-wide acceptance of ISO GUM for detailing measurements when statistics are simple, the practice should be useful in comparing ASTM International Test Methods to other published methods. The codification of statistical procedures may in fact minimize the difficulty in interpreting a plethora of individual, albeit possibly valid, approaches.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is for assisting developers and users of air quality methods for sampling concentrations of both airborne and settled materials in characterizing measurements as to uncertainty. Where possible, analysis into uncertainty components as recommended in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (ISO GUM, (1)2) is suggested. Aspects of uncertainty estimation particular to air quality measurement are emphasized. For example, air quality assessment is often complicated by: the difficulty of taking replicate measurements owing to the large spatio-temporal variation in concentration values to be measured; systematic error or bias, both corrected and uncorrected; and the (rare) non-normal distribution of errors. This practice operates mainly through example. Background and mathematical development are relegated to appendices for optional reading.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6589-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Statistical Evaluation of Atmospheric Dispersion Model Performance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Guidance is provided on designing model evaluation performance procedures and on the difficulties that arise in statistical evaluation of model performance caused by the stochastic nature of dispersion in the atmosphere. It is recognized there are examples in the literature where, knowingly or unknowingly, models were evaluated on their ability to describe something which they were never intended to characterize. This guide is attempting to heighten awareness, and thereby, to reduce the number of “unknowing” comparisons. A goal of this guide is to stimulate development and testing of evaluation procedures that accommodate the effects of natural variability. A technique is illustrated to provide information from which subsequent evaluation and standardization can be derived.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides techniques that are useful for the comparison of modeled air concentrations with observed field data. Such comparisons provide a means for assessing a model's performance, for example, bias and precision or uncertainty, relative to other candidate models. Methodologies for such comparisons are yet evolving; hence, modifications will occur in the statistical tests and procedures and data analysis as work progresses in this area. Until the interested parties agree upon standard testing protocols, differences in approach will occur. This guide describes a framework, or philosophical context, within which one determines whether a model's performance is significantly different from other candidate models. It is suggested that the first step should be to determine which model's estimates are closest on average to the observations, and the second step would then test whether the differences seen in the performance of the other models are significantly different from the model chosen in the first step. An example procedure is provided in Appendix X1 to illustrate an existing approach for a particular evaluation goal. This example is not intended to inhibit alternative approaches or techniques that will produce equivalent or superior results. As discussed in Section 6, statistical evaluation of model performance is viewed as part of a larger process that collectively is referred to as model evaluation.  
1.2 This guide has been designed with flexibility to allow expansion to address various characterizations of atmospheric dispersion, which might involve dose or concentration fluctuations, to allow development of application-specific evaluation schemes, and to allow use of various statistical comparison metrics. No assumptions are made regarding the manner in which the models characterize the dispersion.  
1.3 The focus of this guide is on end results, that is, the accuracy of model predictions and the discernment of whether differences seen between models are significant, rather than operational details such as the ease of model implementation or the time required for model calculations to be performed.  
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should it be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This standard applies to gaussian plume models; it may not be applicable to non-point sources, heavy gas models from evaporation from pool (for example, liquid spills), as well as near-field receptors.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this guide...

  • Guide
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7520-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Opacity of a Plume in the Outdoor Ambient Atmosphere

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Air permits from regulatory agencies often require measurements of opacity from stationary air pollution point sources in the outdoor ambient environment. Opacity has been visually measured by certified smoke readers in accordance with USEPA (USEPA Method 9). DCOT is also a method to determine plume opacity in the outdoor ambient environment.  
5.2 The concept of DCOT was based on previous method development using Digital Still Cameras and field testing of those methods.7,8 The purpose of this standard is to set a minimum level of performance for products that use DCOT to determine plume opacity in ambient environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedures to determine the opacity of a plume, using digital imagery and associated hardware and software. The aforementioned plume is caused by particulate matter emitted from a stationary point source in the outdoor ambient environment.  
1.2 The opacity of emissions is determined by the application of a Digital Camera Opacity Technique (DCOT) that consists of a Digital Still Camera, Analysis Software, and the Output Function’s content to obtain and interpret digital images to determine and report plume opacity.  
1.3 This method is suitable to determine the opacity of plumes from zero (0) percent to one hundred (100) percent.  
1.4 Conditions that shall be considered when using this method to obtain the digital image of the plume include the plume’s background, the existence of condensed water in the plume, orientation of the Digital Still Camera to the plume and the sun (see Section 8).  
1.5 This standard describes the procedures to certify the DCOT, hardware, software, and method to determine the opacity of the plumes.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    22 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6196-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Parameters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is recommended for use in measuring the concentration of VOCs in ambient, indoor, and workplace atmospheres. It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers for material emission testing or human exposure assessment.  
5.2 Such measurements in ambient air are of importance because of the known role of VOCs as ozone precursors, and in some cases (for example, benzene), as toxic pollutants in their own right.  
5.3 Such measurements in indoor air are of importance because of the association of VOCs with air quality problems in indoor environments, particularly in relation to sick building syndrome and emissions from building materials. Many volatile organic compounds have the potential to contribute to air quality problems in indoor environments and in some cases toxic VOCs may be present at such elevated concentrations in home or workplace atmospheres as to prompt serious concerns over human exposure and adverse health effects (5).  
5.4 Such measurements in workplace air are of importance because of the known toxic effects of many such compounds.
Note 1: While workplace air monitoring has traditionally been carried out using disposable sorbent tubes, typically packed with charcoal and extracted using chemical desorption (solvent extraction) prior to GC analysis – for example following NIOSH and OSHA reference methods – routine thermal desorption (TD) technology was originally developed specifically for this application area. TD overcomes the inherent analyte dilution limitation of solvent extraction improving method detection limits by 2 or 3 orders of magnitude and making methods easier to automate. Relevant international standard methods include ISO 16017-1 and ISO 16017-2. For a detailed history of the development of analytical thermal desorption and a comparison with solvent extraction methods see Ref (6).  
5.5 In order to protect the environment as a whole and human health in part...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to assist in the selection of sorbents and procedures for the sampling and analysis of ambient (1),2 indoor (2), and workplace (3, 4) atmospheres for a variety of common volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers or for human exposure assessment.  
1.2 This practice is based on the sorption of VOCs from air onto selected sorbents or combinations of sorbents. Sampled air is either drawn through a tube containing one or a series of sorbents (pumped sampling) or allowed to diffuse, under controlled conditions, onto the sorbent surface at the sampling end of the tube (diffusive or passive sampling). The sorbed VOCs are subsequently recovered by thermal desorption and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography.  
1.3 This practice applies to three basic types of samplers that are compatible with thermal desorption: (1) pumped sorbent tubes containing one or more sorbents; (2) axial passive (diffusive) samplers (typically of the same physical dimensions as standard pumped sorbent tubes and containing only one sorbent); and (3) radial passive (diffusive) samplers.  
1.4 This practice recommends a number of sorbents that can be packed in sorbent tubes for use in the sampling of vapor-phase organic chemicals; including volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds which, generally speaking, boil in the range 0 °C to 400 °C (v.p. 15 kPa to 0.01 kPa at 25 °C).  
1.5 This practice can be used for the measurement of airborne vapors of these organic compounds over a wide concentration range.  
1.5.1 With pumped sampling, this practice can be used for the speciated measurement of airborne vapors of VOCs in a concentration range of approximately 0.1 μg/m3 to 1 g/m3, for individual organic compounds in 1 L to 10 L air samples. Quantitative measurements are possible when using validated procedures with appropri...

  • Standard
    32 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    32 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7788-14(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Collection of Total Airborne Fungal Structures via Inertial Impaction Methodology

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for the collection of airborne fungal spores or fragments, or both, using inertial impaction.  
4.2 It is the responsibility of the user to assure that they are in compliance with all local, state and federal regulations governing the inspection of buildings for fungal colonization and the collection of associated samples.  
4.3 This practice is intended to provide the user with a basic understanding of the equipment, materials and instructions necessary to effectively collect air samples using an inertial impactor.  
4.4 This practice, when properly executed, may also be used for the evaluation of other types of airborne particles with the capturing characteristics appropriate for inertial impactor, and for which appropriate analytical methods exist. Such particles may include dust mites, skin cells, pollen, and other materials.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to describe procedures for the collection of airborne fungal spores or fragments, or both, using inertial impaction sampling techniques.  
1.2 This practice is not intended to limit the user from the collection of other airborne particulates that may be of interest and captured through this technique.  
1.3 This practice presumes that the user has a fundamental understanding of field investigative techniques related to the scientific process, and sampling plan development and implementation. It is important to establish the related hypothesis to be tested and the supporting analytical methodology needed in order to identify the sampling media to be used and the laboratory conditions for analysis.  
1.4 This practice does not address the development of a formal hypothesis or the establishment of appropriate and defensible investigation and sampling objectives. It is presumed the investigator has the experience and knowledge base to address these issues.  
1.5 This practice does not provide the user sufficient information to allow for interpretation of the analytical results from sample collection. It is the user's responsibility to seek or obtain the information and knowledge necessary to interpret the sample results reported by the laboratory.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2115-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Conducting Lead Hazard Assessments of Dwellings and of Other Child-Occupied Facilities

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended to help prevent lead poisoning of children by providing standardized procedures for conducting a lead hazard assessment and providing information needed to develop and recommend lead hazard control options as described in Practice E2252.  
5.2 This guide is applicable for use in either occupied or unoccupied dwellings and in other child-occupied facilities.  
5.3 The procedures in this guide, when supplemented by recommendations for controlling lead hazards, provide for the conduct of a lead risk assessment of a dwelling or of other child-occupied facilities.  
5.4 This guide may be used to supplement assessment procedures used to determine the causes of elevated blood lead (EBL) levels in young children.
Note 2: In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children,6 Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991),7 the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).7  
5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on appropriate lead action levels.  
5.6 This guide is not intended for use in identifying building materials that when abraded or otherwise degraded, such as that which may occur in remodeling or renovation activities, may result in lead hazards.  
5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards identified at the time the assessment was performed. The locations, types, or severities of lead hazards can change over time as a result of property improvement or deterioration, significant changes in property use, or other factors.
Note 3: The term “lead-free” should never be used to describe the absence of ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers how to conduct, document, and report findings of a lead hazard assessment of dwellings and of other child-occupied facilities.  
1.2 Procedures for assessment of personal items, such as toys, dishes, and hobby materials that may contribute to elevated lead levels in blood are not included in this guide.  
1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.  
1.6 Methods described in this guide may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8406-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1914-95(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement.  
3.2 IEEE/ASTM SI-10 does not list all the conversion factors commonly used in air pollution and meteorological fields. This practice supplements IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979.  
3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    15 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off