ASTM D6200-01(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quench Oils by Cooling Curve Analysis
Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quench Oils by Cooling Curve Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a cooling time versus temperature pathway which is directly proportional to physical properties such as the hardness obtainable upon quenching of a metal. The results obtained by this test may be used as a guide in heat treating oil selection or comparison of quench severities of different heat treating oils, new or used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the equipment and the procedure for evaluation of a quenching oil's quenching characteristics by cooling rate determination.
1.2 This test is designed to evaluate quenching oils in a non-agitated system. There is no correlation between these test results and the results obtained in agitated systems.
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D6200 − 01 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quench Oils by
Cooling Curve Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6200; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
2.2 SAE Standards:
1.1 This test method describes the equipment and the
AMS 5665 NickelAlloy Corrosion and Heat Resistant Bars,
procedure for evaluation of a quenching oil’s quenching
Forgings and Rings
characteristics by cooling rate determination.
2.3 Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS):
1.2 This test is designed to evaluate quenching oils in a
JIS K 2242 - 1980 Heat Treating Oil
non-agitated system. There is no correlation between these test
JIS K 6753 - 1977 Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate
results and the results obtained in agitated systems.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Thevaluesinparenthesesareprovidedfor
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
information only.
3.1.1 cooling curve, n—the cooling curve is a graphical
representation of the cooling time (t) - temperature (T) re-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the sponse of the probe (see 7.3).An example is illustrated in Part
Bof Fig. 1.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.2 cooling curve analysis, n—the process of quantifying
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the cooling characteristics of a heat treating oil based on the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
temperature versus time profile obtained by cooling a pre-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
heated metal probe assembly (see Fig. 2) under standard
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
conditions.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3 cooling rate curve, n—The cooling rate curve is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
obtained by calculating the first derivative (dT/dt)ofthe
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
cooling time - temperature curve. An example is illustrated in
Part B of Fig. 1.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 heat treating oil, n—a hydrocarbon containing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
product, often derived from petroleum base stock, that is used
D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid
to mediate heat transfer between heated metal, such as austen-
Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn
itized steel, to control the microstructure that is formed upon
2016)
cooling and also control distortion and minimize cracking
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
which may accompany the cooling process.
Comparison Techniques
3.1.5 quench severity, n—the ability of a quenching medium
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
to extract heat from a hot metal.
1 4. Summary of Test Method
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
4.1 Determine the nickel alloy probe assembly’s cooling
Subcommittee D02.L0.06 on Non-Lubricating Process Fluids.
time versus temperature after placing the assembly in a furnace
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6200–01(2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D6200-01R17.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 Akasaka
the ASTM website. Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, http://www.jsa.or.ja.
3 6
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Boyer, H. E. and Cary, P. R., Quenching and Distortion Control, ASM
www.astm.org. International, Materials Park, OH, 1988, p. 162.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6200 − 01 (2017)
FIG. 1 Typical Temperature/Time and Temperature/Cooling Rate Plots For Test Probe Cooled in a Quenching Oil
FIG. 2 Probe Details and General Probe Assembly
NOTE 1—For production testing, the furnace temperature of 815 °C to
and heating to 850 °C (1562 °F) and then quenching in a heat
857 °C (1500 °F to 1575 °F) may be used.
treating oil.The temperature inside the probe assembly and the
cooling times are recorded at selected time intervals to estab-
lish a cooling temperature versus time curve. The resulting
cooling curve may be used to evaluate quench severity (see
Note 1).
D6200 − 01 (2017)
5. Significance and Use 7.4.2 Manual Transfer—If manual transfer is used, the
sample container shall be equipped with a fixture to ensure
5.1 This test method provides a cooling time versus tem-
correctplacementinthecenteroftheheattreatingoilcontainer
perature pathway which is directly proportional to physical
and to the depth defined in 7.4.1. A timer shall be used to
properties such as the hardness obtainable upon quenching of
ensure a maximum transfer time of 3.0 s.
ametal.Theresultsobtainedbythistestmaybeusedasaguide
inheattreatingoilselectionorcomparisonofquenchseverities 7.5 Sample Container—A container, preferably a damage-
of different heat treating oils, new or used. resistant, tall form vessel having an internal diameter of
115 mm 6 5 mm (4.528 in. 6 0.197 in.) shall be selected to
6. Interferences
provide 50 mL (1.97 in.) of fluid above and below the probe
when quenched. It is recommended that 2000 mL 6 50 mL of
6.1 The presence of water in a heat treating oil has a major
oil be used. The resulting cooling curve will be dependent on
effect upon the results obtained with this test method. Water
the temperature rise during the quench and on the total fluid
content of calibration fluids shall be confirmed byTest Method
volume. Therefore, the cooling curve analysis shall be per-
D1744. If water is present above 0.01 %, the calibration fluid
formed with the same volume of fluid.
shall be dried at a minimum temperature of 102°C (216°F)
until Test Method D1744 indicates water content at or below
7.6 Oil Temperature Measurement—Anytemperaturedetec-
0.01 %.
tion device may be used that is capable of measuring oil
temperature to within 61 °C (1.8 °F) during drying.
7. Apparatus
7.7 Timer—Graduated in seconds and minutes, and may be
7.1 Furnace—Use a horizontal or vertical electrical resis-
part of a computer clock.
tance tube-type furnace capable of maintaining a constant
8. Reagents and Materials
minimum temperature of 850 °C (1562 °F) over a heated
length of not less than 120 mm (4.72 in.) and a probe
8.1 Reference Quenching Fluid—A reference quenching
positioned in the center of the heating chamber. The furnace
fluid shall be used for initial and regular system calibration.
shall be capable of maintaining the probe’s temperature within
The primary reference fluid, as described in the Wolfson
62.5 °C (4.5 °F) over the specimen length. The furnace, that
Engineering Group Specification , exhibits the following cool-
is, the radiant tube heating media, shall be used with ambient
ing characteristics:
atmosphere.
Time to cool to 600 °C (1112 °F) 12 s to 14 s
Time to cool to 400 °C (752 °F) 19 s to 21 s
7.2 Measurement System—The temperature-time measure-
Time to cool to 200 °C (392 °F) 50 s to 55 s
ment system shall be a computer based data acquisition system
Cooling rate, max 47 °C to 53 °C ⁄s (85 °F to
capable of providing a permanent record of the cooling
95 °F ⁄s)
Temperature of the maximum cooling rate 490 °C to 530 °C (914 °F to
characteristics of each oil sample tested, producing a record of
986 °F)
variationinthetestprobeassemblyoftemperaturewithrespect
Cooling rate at 300 °C (572 °F) 6 °C to 8 °C ⁄s (10.8 °F to
to time, and cooling rate with respect to temperature. 14.4 °F ⁄s)
8.1.1 These characteristics are based on quenching a
7.3 Probe—The probe shall be cylindrical, having a diam-
2000 mL 6 50 mLvolume of the primary reference fluid in the
eter of 12.5 mm 6 0.01 mm (0.492 in. 6 0.0004 in.) and a
sample container described in 7.5 according to the procedure
length of 60 mm 6 0.25 mm (2.362 in. 6 0.01 in.) with a
outlined in Section 13.
1.45 mm to 1.65 mm (0.057 in. to 0.065 in.) sheathed Type K
8.1.2 A secondary reference fluid, such as JIS Standards
thermocouple in its geometric center. The probe shall be made
K 2242 and K 6753, may be used, provided that sufficient
of a nickel alloy 600 (UNS N06600) purchased to SAE
statistical cooling curve testing has been conducted so that
Specification AMS 5665 which has a nominal composition of
results are traceable to the six cooling characteristics of the
76.0 % Ni, 15.5 % Cr, 8.0 % Fe, .08 % C, and .25 % max Cu.
primary reference fluid.
The probe shall be attached to a support tube with a minimum
8.1.3 The reference fluids shall be stored in a sealed
length of 200 mm (7.874 in.). The thermocouple sheathing and
container when not in use and shall be replaced after 200
the support tube shall be the same material as the probe (see
quenches or two years, whichever is sooner.
Note 2). See Fig. 2 for recommended manufacturing details.
8.2 Cleaning Solvent—A hydrocarbon solvent that will
NOTE 2—Care must be taken that the probe specimen is not damaged as
surface irregularities will influence the results of the test. evaporate at room temperature, leaving no residue
(Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.).
7.4 Transfer Mechanism—One of the following shall be
used to transfer the heated probe from the furnace to the test
8.3 Polishing Paper, 600 grit Emery.
fluid.
8.4 Cloth, lintless and absorbent.
7.4.1 Automated Transfer Mechanism—The transfer from
9. Cleaning and Conditioning
the furnace to the oil shall be completed within 3.0 s. Immerse
the probe in the center, 0 mm to 5 mm (0 in. to 0.197 in.), of
9.1 Cleaning Used Probes—Wipeprobewithalintlesscloth
the heat treating oil container to a depth where there is 50 mm
or absorbent paper after removal from the oil and prior to
6 2 mm (1.97 in. 6 0.08 in.) of fluid above and below the
probe when quenched. A mechanical stop shall be used for
Available from Wolfson Heat Treatment Centre, Aston University, Aston
reproducibility of probe placement. Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, England.
D6200 − 01 (2017)
returning to the furnace. (Warning—The probe shall always surface of the probe. Locate the tip of the calibrated thermo-
be considered hot, as temperature below visual hot tempera- couple 30 mm (1.181 in.) from the end of the probe. Heat the
tures can still cause injury to the skin (Warning—Do not use probe and calibrated thermocouple to the selected furnace
cleaning solvent near the furnace opening especially with temperature of 850 °C 6 2 °C (1562 °F 6 4 °F) and allow to
automated transfer mechanisms.).) A cleaning solvent may be equalize. Compare the outputs of both the furnace and probe
used, but care should be taken that the probe is below 50 °C thermocouplesbyanycalibratedtemperaturemeasuringdevice
(122 °F). capable of required accuracy as described in Specifications
E220 and E230.
9.2 Conditioning New Probes—Condition the probe prior to
12.1.2 Frequency of Probe Calibration—Calibratetheprobe
its initial use with any quenchant by carrying out a minimum
against a reference quenching fluid before each set of test runs.
of six trial quenches, or a greater number if required to achieve
consistency, using a general purpose hydrocarbon oil. Consis-
12.2 Equipment Calibration—Calibrate desired recording
tencyshallmeanthelasttwotestsshallhavemaximumcooling
mechanism as described in Annex A1.
rates within 62 % in temperature and cooling rate. Clean the
12.3 Total System Calibration—Calibrate the system with a
probe assembly between quenches as specified in 9.1. Quench
reference quenching fluid (see 8.1) following the procedure
the probe in the reference quenching fluid and check according
described in Section 13. Calibrate the system prior to using a
to 12.3. If the probe does not meet the requirements of 12.3,
new probe for testing and before and after each new set of test
recondition according to 9.3 and then recalibrate again accord-
runs. The limits of the results obtained on the reference fluid
ing to 12.3. Do not use probes that do not meet these
will be established for each reference fluid prior to use as
requirements.
described in 8.1. The limits shall include, as a minimum, the
9.3 Probe Reconditioning—The probe shall be recondi-
following values: maximum cooling rate (°C/s, °F/s), the
tioned when the probe calibration according to 12.3 does not
temperature at the maximum cooling rate (°C, °F), cooling rate
meet the calibration limits, of the reference fluid. Recondition
(°C/s, °F/s) at 300 °C (572 °F), and the time in seconds from
the probe by cleaning with emery paper. Although coarser
immersion to three different temperatures such as: (a) 600 °C
320-grit paper may be used for initial cleaning, the final finish
(1112 °F), (b) 400 °C (752 °F), and (c) 200 °C (392 °F). If the
shall be provided using 600-grit emery paper. Following this
results deviate from the limits prescribed for each of the six
surface cleaning procedure, the probe shall be quenched until
cooling characteristics of the reference fluid (8.1), the system
repeatable cooling curve results of a reference oil are obtained.
shall not be considered as being in calibration. The probe may
9.3.1 An alternative is to recondition the probe after every
need to be reconditioned (see 9.3). Alternatively, when results
run. Before testing a set of heat treating oils, the probe is
deviate from the prescribed limits, it is also appropriate to
quenched into the reference fluid after surface conditioning. If
examine the test setup and procedure for compliance to this
the results comply with the limits prescribed for the reference
standard and the manufacturer’s recommended practice.
fluid, the probe may be used for further testing. When testing,
the probe is cleaned prior to each
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6200 − 01 (Reapproved 2012) D6200 − 01 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quench Oils by
Cooling Curve Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6200; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the equipment and the procedure for evaluation of a quenching oil’s quenching characteristics
by cooling rate determination.
1.2 This test is designed to evaluate quenching oils in a non-agitated system. There is no correlation between these test results
and the results obtained in agitated systems.
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn 2016)
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
2.2 SAE Standards:
AMS 5665 Nickel Alloy Corrosion and Heat Resistant Bars, Forgings and Rings
2.3 Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS):
JIS K 2242 - 1980 Heat Treating Oil
JIS K 6753 - 1977 Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 cooling curve, n—the cooling curve is a graphical representation of the cooling time (t) - temperature (T) response of the
probe (see 7.3). An example is illustrated in Part B of Fig. 1.
3.1.2 cooling curve analysis, n—the process of quantifying the cooling characteristics of a heat treating oil based on the
temperature versus time profile obtained by cooling a preheated metal probe assembly (see Fig. 2) under standard conditions.
3.1.3 cooling rate curve, n—The cooling rate curve is obtained by calculating the first derivative (dT/dt) of the cooling time -
temperature curve. An example is illustrated in Part B of Fig. 1.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.06 on Non-Lubricating Process Fluids.
Current edition approved April 15, 2012Oct. 1, 2017. Published May 2012November 2017. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D6200–01(2007).D6200–01(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D6200-01R12.10.1520/D6200-01R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 Akasaka Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, http://www.jsa.or.ja.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6200 − 01 (2017)
FIG. 1 Typical Temperature/Time and Temperature/Cooling Rate Plots For Test Probe Cooled in a Quenching Oil
FIG. 2 Probe Details and General Probe Assembly
3.1.4 heat treating oil, n—a hydrocarbon containing product, often derived from petroleum base stock, that is used to mediate
heat transfer between heated metal, such as austenitized steel, to control the microstructure that is formed upon cooling and also
control distortion and minimize cracking which may accompany the cooling process.
D6200 − 01 (2017)
3.1.5 quench severity, n—the ability of a quenching medium to extract heat from a hot metal.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Determine the nickel alloy probe assembly’s cooling time versus temperature after placing the assembly in a furnace and
heating to 850°C (1562°F)850 °C (1562 °F) and then quenching in a heat treating oil. The temperature inside the probe assembly
and the cooling times are recorded at selected time intervals to establish a cooling temperature versus time curve. The resulting
cooling curve may be used to evaluate quench severity (see Note 1).
NOTE 1—For production testing, the furnace temperature of 815815 °C to 857°C (1500857 °C (1500 °F to 1575°F)1575 °F) may be used.
Boyer, H. E. and Cary, P. R., Quenching and Distortion Control, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1988, p. 162.
D6200 − 01 (2017)
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method provides a cooling time versus temperature pathway which is directly proportional to physical properties
such as the hardness obtainable upon quenching of a metal. The results obtained by this test may be used as a guide in heat treating
oil selection or comparison of quench severities of different heat treating oils, new or used.
6. Interferences
6.1 The presence of water in a heat treating oil has a major effect upon the results obtained with this test method. Water content
of calibration fluids shall be confirmed by Test Method D1744. If water is present above 0.01 %, the calibration fluid shall be dried
at a minimum temperature of 102°C (216°F) until Test Method D1744 indicates water content at or below 0.01 %.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Furnace—Use a horizontal or vertical electrical resistance tube-type furnace capable of maintaining a constant minimum
temperature of 850°C (1562°F)850 °C (1562 °F) over a heated length of not less than 120 mm (4.72 in.) and a probe positioned
in the center of the heating chamber. The furnace shall be capable of maintaining the probe’s temperature within 62.5°C
(4.5°F)62.5 °C (4.5 °F) over the specimen length. The furnace, that is, the radiant tube heating media, shall be used with ambient
atmosphere.
7.2 Measurement System—The temperature-time measurement system shall be a computer based data acquisition system
capable of providing a permanent record of the cooling characteristics of each oil sample tested, producing a record of variation
in the test probe assembly of temperature with respect to time, and cooling rate with respect to temperature.
7.3 Probe—The probe shall be cylindrical, having a diameter of 12.5 60.01 mm (0.492 12.5 mm 6 0.01 mm (0.492 in. 6
0.0004 in.) and a length of 60 60.25 mm (2.362 6 0.01 in.) with a 1.45 to 1.65 mm (0.057 to 0.065 in.) 60 mm 6 0.25 mm
(2.362 in. 6 0.01 in.) with a 1.45 mm to 1.65 mm (0.057 in. to 0.065 in.) sheathed Type K thermocouple in its geometric center.
The probe shall be made of a nickel alloy 600 (UNS N06600) purchased to SAE Specification AMS 5665 which has a nominal
composition of 76.0 % Ni, 15.5 % Cr, 8.0 % Fe, .08 % C, and .25 % max Cu. The probe shall be attached to a support tube with
a minimum length of 200 mm (7.874 in.). 200 mm (7.874 in.). The thermocouple sheathing and the support tube shall be the same
material as the probe (see Note 2). See Fig. 2 for recommended manufacturing details.
NOTE 2—Care must be taken that the probe specimen is not damaged as surface irregularities will influence the results of the test.
7.4 Transfer Mechanism—One of the following shall be used to transfer the heated probe from the furnace to the test fluid.
7.4.1 Automated Transfer Mechanism—The transfer from the furnace to the oil shall be completed within 3.0 s. 3.0 s. Immerse
the probe in the center, 0 to 5 mm (0 to 0.197 in.), 0 mm to 5 mm (0 in. to 0.197 in.), of the heat treating oil container to a depth
where there is 50 6 2 mm (1.97 6 0.08 in.) 50 mm 6 2 mm (1.97 in. 6 0.08 in.) of fluid above and below the probe when
quenched. A mechanical stop shall be used for reproducibility of probe placement.
7.4.2 Manual Transfer—If manual transfer is used, the sample container shall be equipped with a fixture to ensure correct
placement in the center of the heat treating oil container and to the depth defined in 7.4.1. A timer shall be used to ensure a
maximum transfer time of 3.0 s.3.0 s.
7.5 Sample Container—A container, preferably a damage-resistant, tall form vessel having an internal diameter of 115 6 5 mm
(4.528 6 0.197 in.) 115 mm 6 5 mm (4.528 in. 6 0.197 in.) shall be selected to provide 50 mL (1.97 in.) 50 mL (1.97 in.) of fluid
above and below the probe when quenched. It is recommended that 20002000 mL 6 50 mL 50 mL of oil be used. The resulting
cooling curve will be dependent on the temperature rise during the quench and on the total fluid volume. Therefore, the cooling
curve analysis shall be performed with the same volume of fluid.
7.6 Oil Temperature Measurement —Measurement—Any temperature detection device may be used that is capable of measuring
oil temperature to within 61°C (1.8°F)61 °C (1.8 °F) during drying.
7.7 Timer—Graduated in seconds and minutes, and may be part of a computer clock.
8. Reagents and Materials
8.1 Reference Quenching Fluid—A reference quenching fluid shall be used for initial and regular system calibration. The
primary reference fluid, as described in the Wolfson Engineering Group Specification , exhibits the following cooling
characteristics:
Time to cool to 600°C (1112°F) 12 - 14 s
Time to cool to 400°C (752°F) 19 - 21 s
Time to cool to 200°C (392°F) 50 - 55 s
Cooling rate, max 47 - 53°C/s (85-95°F/s)
Temperature of the maximum cooling rate 490 - 530°C (914-986°F)
Cooling rate at 300°C (572°F) 6 - 8°C/s (10.8-14.4°F/s)
Available from Wolfson Heat Treatment Centre, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, England.
D6200 − 01 (2017)
Time to cool to 600 °C (1112 °F) 12 s to 14 s
Time to cool to 400 °C (752 °F) 19 s to 21 s
Time to cool to 200 °C (392 °F) 50 s to 55 s
Cooling rate, max 47 °C to 53 °C ⁄s (85 °F to
95 °F ⁄s)
Temperature of the maximum cooling rate 490 °C to 530 °C (914 °F to
986 °F)
Cooling rate at 300 °C (572 °F) 6 °C to 8 °C ⁄s (10.8 °F to
14.4 °F ⁄s)
8.1.1 These characteristics are based on quenching a 2000 650 mL2000 mL 6 50 mL volume of the primary reference fluid
in the sample container described in 7.5 according to the procedure outlined in Section 13.
8.1.2 A secondary reference fluid, such as JIS Standards K 2242 and K 6753, may be used, provided that sufficient statistical
cooling curve testing has been conducted so that results are traceable to the six cooling characteristics of the primary reference
fluid.
8.1.3 The reference fluids shall be stored in a sealed container when not in use and shall be replaced after 200 quenches or two
years, whichever is sooner.
8.2 Cleaning Solvent—A hydrocarbon solvent that will evaporate at room temperature, leaving no residue (Warning -
Flammable. —Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.).
8.3 Polishing Paper, 600 grit Emery.
8.4 Cloth, lintless and absorbent.
9. Cleaning and Conditioning
9.1 Cleaning Used Probes—Wipe probe with a lintless cloth or absorbent paper after removal from the oil and prior to returning
to the furnace. (Warning—The probe shall always be considered hot, as temperature below visual hot temperatures can still cause
injury to the skin (Warning—Do not use cleaning solvent near the furnace opening especially with automated transfer
mechanisms.).) A cleaning solvent may be used, but care should be taken that the probe is below 50°C (122°F).50 °C (122 °F).
9.2 Conditioning New Probes—Condition the probe prior to its initial use with any quenchant by carrying out a minimum of
six trial quenches, or a greater number if required to achieve consistency, using a general purpose hydrocarbon oil. Consistency
shall mean the last two tests shall have maximum cooling rates within 62 % in temperature and cooling rate. Clean the probe
assembly between quenches as specified in 9.1. Quench the probe in the reference quenching fluid and check according to 12.3.
If the probe does not meet the requirements of 12.3, recondition according to 9.3 and then recalibrate again according to 12.3. Do
not use probes that do not meet these requirements.
9.3 Probe Reconditioning—The probe shall be reconditioned when the probe calibration according to 12.3 does not meet the
calibration limits, of the reference fluid. Recondition the probe by cleaning with emery paper. Although coarser 320-grit paper may
be used for initial cleaning, the final finish shall be provided using 600-grit emery paper. Following this surface cleaning procedure,
the probe shall be quenched until repeatable cooling curve results of a reference oil are obtained.
9.3.1 An alternative is to recondition the probe after every run. Before testing a set of heat treating oils, the probe is quenched
into the reference fluid after surface conditioning. If the results comply with the limits prescribed for the reference fluid, the probe
may be used for further testing. When testing, the probe is cleaned prior to each run. After testing of the set of fluids is completed,
the probe is quenched into the reference fluid to ensure that it is still within calibration.
10. Sampling
10.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with 7.5. Ensure the sample is representative of the oil being tested. A clean and dry
sample container shall be used.
11. Preparation of Apparatus
11.1 Preheat furnace to 850850 °C 6 2°C (1562 6 4°F), (1500 to 1575°F).2 °C (1562 °F 6 4 °F), (1500 °F to 1575 °F).
11.2 Connect a dry, conditioned, calibrated probe to the transfer mechanism according to equipment manufacturer’s
instructions.
11.3 Heat fluid t
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