ASTM D5751-99
(Specification)Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Laminate Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products
Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Laminate Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance levels for adhesives to be used in laminate joints in nonstructural lumber products. Such products include, but are not limited to, interior and exterior mouldings, window and door components or parts, and bonded lumber panels. This specification is to be used to evaluate adhesives as well as the adhesive bonds in nonstructural-glued-lumber products. Note 1-This specification supersedes the laminate-joint portion of Specification D3110. Note 2-See 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 for descriptions of a dry-use-nonstructural adhesive and a wet-use-nonstructural adhesive.
1.2 This specification applies to laminate-joint specimens made under both laboratory and field conditions. See Section 4 for limitations in using this specification to evaluate industrially manufactured laminate joint products.
1.3 The following safety caveat applies only to the apparatus and test methods portions, Sections 6, 7, 8, and 9 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 In this specification, laminate joint refers to both face and edge joints.
1.6 The following index is provided as a guide to the test methods in this specification: Section Apparatus 6 Conditioning 7 Material and Preparation of Assemblies and Specimens 8 Exposure Conditions and Treatments 9 Testing, Calculation, and Reporting 10
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D 5751 – 99
Standard Specification for
Adhesives Used for Laminate Joints in Nonstructural
Lumber Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Exposure Conditions and Treatments 9
Testing, Calculation, and Reporting 10
1.1 This specification covers performance levels for adhe-
NOTE 3—The conditioning needed for various stages in the preparation
sives to be used in laminate joints in nonstructural lumber
of the specimens and for the exposure tests are given in Sections 7, 8, and
products. Such products include, but are not limited to, interior
9.
andexteriormouldings,windowanddoorcomponentsorparts,
and bonded lumber panels. This specification is to be used to
2. Referenced Documents
evaluate adhesives as well as the adhesive bonds in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nonstructural-glued-lumber products.
D 905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
NOTE 1—This specification supersedes the laminate-joint portion of
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
Specification D 3110.
D 907 Terminology of Adhesives
NOTE 2—See 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 for descriptions of a dry-use-nonstructural 3
D 2016 Methods for Moisture Content of Wood
adhesive and a wet-use-nonstructural adhesive.
D 2555 Method for Establishing Clear-Wood Strength Val-
1.2 This specification applies to laminate-joint specimens
ues
made under both laboratory and field conditions. See Section 4
D 3110 Specification for Adhesives Used in Nonstructural
for limitations in using this specification to evaluate industri-
Glued Lumber Products
ally manufactured laminate joint products.
D 5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood
1.3 The following safety caveat applies only to the appara-
Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
tus and test methods portions, Sections 6, 7, 8, and 9 of this
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
specification: This standard does not purport to address all of
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E 41 Terminology Relating to Conditioning
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM Test Methods
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
as standard.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.5 In this specification, laminate joint refers to both face
3. Terminology
and edge joints.
1.6 The following index is provided as a guide to the test
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this specification are de-
methods in this specification:
fined in Terminologies D 907, E 6, and E 41.
Section 3.1.1 bond, n—the union of materials by adhesives.
Apparatus 6
3.1.2 laminate joint, n—in wood bonding, a joint made by
Conditioning 7
bonding layers of adherends face-to-face or edge-to-edge to
Material and Preparation of Assemblies and 8
Specimens form thicker or wider stock.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-14 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood Discontinued; see 1988 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.
Adhesives. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
published as D 5751–95. Last previous edition D 5751–95. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5751
3.1.3 edge joint, n—in wood bonding, a type of laminate temperature. This test method is intended to simulate condi-
joint made by bonding adherends edge-to-edge with grain tionsthatmightbeexperiencedintransit,furtherprocessing,or
directions parallel to form wider stock.
in service.
3.1.4 face joint, n—in wood bonding, a type of laminate
NOTE 4—These typical service conditions may include stress and time
joint made by bonding adherends face-to-face with grain
under stress, as well as elevated temperature.
directions parallel to form thicker stock.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.2 This specification may be used to evaluate the adhesive
3.2.1 dry-use nonstructural adhesive, n—an adhesive ca- bonds in a laminate joint that is the industrial-end product of a
pable of producing sufficient strength and durability to make
manufacturing process. The use of the specification for this
the bonded lumber product serviceable in nonstructural use,
purpose requires close evaluation of the configuration of the
under conditions in which the EMC of the wood does not
joint, the wood used, and the manufacturing process.
exceed 16 %.
4.2.1 An industrially manufactured laminate joint should be
3.2.2 wet-use nonstructural adhesive, n—an adhesive ca-
evaluated using the requirements for compliance to the speci-
pable of producing sufficient strength and durability to make
fication set forth in 5.1.1, 5.1.2, and 5.2.
the bonded lumber product serviceable in nonstructural use,
4.2.2 To measure up to the criteria of the controlled condi-
under conditions in which the EMC of the wood may be 16 %
tions of a laboratory-made specimen, hand pick the lumber,
or greater.
prepare extra joints, and select those joints that most closely
3.3 Abbreviations:
meet the requirements of 5.1 and 5.2.
3.3.1 EMC—equilibrium moisture content.
4.3 Specialcircumstancesmayrequiremodificationofsome
3.3.2 MC—moisture content.
of the details of these procedures. Record these variations in
4. Significance and Use the report sections, as they may have an impact on the results
obtained.
4.1 Adhesives are classified as dry use or wet use. Each
4.4 As the industrially manufactured laminate joint product
classification includes consideration of short-term in-transit
is often handled, machined, and shipped within a few hours of
exposure conditions at temperatures up to 220°F. These test
methods are designed to determine the performance level of a manufacture, it may not have reached the maximum perfor-
mance level before it is shipped or tested. To avoid potential
nonstructuralwoodadhesivewhenusedinalaminatejoint.See
Fig. 1 for a depiction of a laminate joint. product damage, the adhesive-performance level should be
determined by the laminate-joint manufacturer prior to initial
4.1.1 The dry test and exposure conditions and treatments
are to evaluate adhesives and adhesive bonds of laminate joints handling and early shipment. Before beginning the full testing
process, the testing laboratory should ensure that the product
in nonstructural bonded lumber products for typical service
conditions. conforms with the performance level certified by the adhesive
4.1.2 The 220°F test, a more severe test, is designed to manufacturer and has not been damaged by early handling and
evaluate the product after exposure to short-term elevated shipping.
Dimensions:
A
Dimension Face Joint (Example)
Measurement, in. (mm) Tolerance, in. (mm)
Specimen width 2 (50.8) + 0.32 (0.79)
Single lamina length 1.75 (44.4) + 0.32 (0.79)
Single lamina thickness (preferred) 0.75 (19) + 0.010 (0.25)
Single lamina thickness (alternative) 0.688 (17.5) + 0.010 (0.25)
Overall specimen thickness 1.5 (38.1) + 0.32 (0.79)
Overlap between adherends 1.5 (38.1) + 0.32 (0.79)
A
The ratio of width to height should be maintained at 4/3.
FIG. 1 Block Shear Specimens
D 5751
5. Test Requirements adhesiveusedtoproduceit,provideditsconstructionmeetsthe
requirements in Sections 7 and 8, and the joint is tested in
5.1 Test Adhesive:
accordance with the requirements in Table 1.
5.1.1 To comply with this specification, the test adhesive
shall be tested for performance in accordance with Sections 7
6. Apparatus
through10,anditshallmeettherequirementsinTable1forthe
selected performance classification as measured against the
6.1 Environmental Chambers—For moist-heat aging, ca-
average shearing strength of lumber from common species of
pable of conditioning specimens at 80 6 5°F (27 6 3°C) and
wood as shown on Table 2(a) and Table 2(b).
80 6 5 % relative humidity, and with capacity for up to 20
5.1.1.1 For certification, a test shall be conducted on a
specimens well-spaced and supported on racks to allow free air
laminate joint using the test adhesive.
flow.
5.1.1.2 Lumber with various grain orientations (for ex-
6.2 Oven(s)—Capable of meeting all the temperature re-
ample, flat sawn or quarter sawn) shall be allowed to be used
quirements of 9.1.2, 105 6 5°F (41 6 3°C); 9.1.3, 220 and
interchangeably, provided they do not fall outside the require-
2306 5°F (104 and 110 6 3°C); 9.2.2 and 9.2.3, 145 6 5°F
ments of 8.1.1.
(63 6 3°C), with sufficient air circulation to remove moisture
5.1.2 Compliance with this specification shall warrant cer-
from the chamber. An oven capable of enclosing the testing
tification of the adhesive for use on a designated grouping of
machine is also recommended. (See 9.1.3.1.)
wood, either softwood or hardwood, when tested and found to
6.3 Tank for Soaking, meeting the requirements of 9.1.2, so
be in accordance with any one of the species of that group. See
that all of the specimens are completely covered with water for
Table 3 for the designated groupings of commonly used
the duration of the soak cycles.
domestic and imported woods, as accepted in this specifica-
tion. 6.4 Tank for Boiling, meeting the requirements of 9.2.2, so
5.1.2.1 The wood failure requirements of Table 1 are given
that all of the specimens are completely covered with water for
for softwoods, Groups 1 and 2, and for hardwoods, Groups 3
the duration of the boil cycles.
and 4.
6.5 Testing Machine—Capacity of not less than 15 000 lb
5.1.2.2 In the event that the adhesive user or supplier, or
(6810kg)incompression,fittedwithashearingtoolcontaining
both, cannot accept the designated groupings in Table 3, either
a self-aligning seat to ensure uniform lateral distribution of the
party shall have the option of requesting a test on an individual
load, capable of maintaining a uniform rate of loading in
species.
accordance with 10.1, and located in an atmosphere such that
5.2 Industrially Manufactured Laminate Joints—An indus-
the moisture content of the specimens to be tested dry, as
trially manufactured laminate joint may be used to evaluate the
developedundertheconditionsinSection9,isnotsignificantly
altered during testing.
NOTE 5—This testing machine is described in Test Method D 905. The
For wood property information on imported woods, refer to U.S. Forest
shearing tool in Fig. 2 has been found to be satisfactory.
Service, Agricultural Handbook No. 72, Wood Handbook, 1987 ed., Table 4.4.
TABLE 1 Minimum Test Requirements
B
Laminate Joint in Shear
C D
Paragraph No. Strength %Wood Failure
Performance Classification
for Exposure
A
Group Individual
E,G F,G
and Exposure Conditions
Description
Group Average,% Individual Minimum, %
E F,G
Average,% Minimum,%
Soft Wood Hard Wood Soft Wood Hard Wood
Dry Use:
Cured (Dry) 9.1.1 60 30 60 30 30 15
H
Three-Cycle Soak 9.1.2 30 15 30 15 15
H
Elevated Temperature 9.1.3 4020402020
(220°F)
Wet Use:
Cured (Dry) 9.2.1 60 30 60 30 30 15
H
Boil 9.2.2 50 25 50 25 25
H
Elevated Temperature 9.2.3 4020402020
(220°F)
H
Vacuum Pressure 9.2.4 50 25 50 25 25
A
Twenty specimens are required for each classification and exposure.
B
Parallel to the grain.
C
The shear strength of the test specimens expressed as a percentage of the average shear strength of the wood species at 12 % MC. (See Table 2.)Adjustmentsare
required for lower MC values. (See Footnote A in Table 2 (a).)
D
The wood failure values given are for softwoods and hardwoods. Groups 3 and 4 hardwoods (Table 3) are listed at 50 % of the softwood value, with no requirement
if the wood failure value calculates to 15 % or less. (See 5.1.2.2 and Table 3.)
E
For all specimens tested.
F
For 90 % of the specimens tested, they shall meet or exceed the minimum wood failure values shown. If a zero value is obtained for any of the specimens, the test
shall be ruled a failure.
G
See recommended average specific gravity in Table 4.
H
No requirement.
D 5751
A
TABLE 2 (a) Average Shear Strength of Common Woods at 12 % Moisture Content, psi
Dry to
B
Species Green Value Green 100 % Value 60 % Value 50 % Value 40 % Value 25 % Value 20 % Value 15 % Value
C
Ratio
Cedar, Incense Incense 834 1.05 878 527 439 351 220 176 132
Douglas-Fir, Coast-Type 904 1.25 1130 678 565 452 282 226 170
Fir, White 756 1.46 1104 662 552 442 276 221 166
Hemlock, Western 864 1.49 1287 772 644 515 322 257 193
Pine, Ponderosa 704 1.61 1133 680 567 453 283 227 170
Pine, Sugar 718 1.58 1134 680 567 454 284 227 170
D
Redwood 894 1.25 1118 671 559 447 280 224 168
A
Fortestsconductedinwhichthewoodmoisturecontentislessthanorgreaterthan12 %,themeasuredstrengthshouldbeadjustedupward3 %foreach1 %decrease
in moisture content, or downward 3 % for each 1 % increase in moisture content.
B
For these or other species, values are those for shear parallel to the grain in Method D 2555, adjusting to 12 % moisture content using the ratios of dry to green clear
wood properties of Method D 2555.
C
Ratio of dry to green strength in Method D 2555.
D
Second growth.
A
TABLE (b) Average Shear Strength of Common Woods at 12 % Moisture Content, MPa
Dry to
B
Species Green Value Green Ra- 100 % Value 60 % Value 50 % Value 40 % Value 25 % Value 20 % Value 15 % Value
C
tio
Cedar, Incense Incense 5.75 1.05 6.05 3.63 3.03 2.42 1.52 1.21 0.91
Douglas-Fir, Coast-Type 6.23 1.25 7.79 4.67 3.90 3.12 1.94 1.56 1.17
Fir, White 5.21 1.46 7.61 4.56 3.80 3.05 1.90 1.52 1.14
Hemlock, Western 5.96 1.49 8.87 5.32 4.44 3.55 2.22 1.77 1.33
Pine, Ponderosa 4.85 1.61 7.81 4.69 3.91 3.12 1.95 1.56 1.17
Pine, Sugar 4.95 1.58 7.82 4.68 3.91 3.13 1.96 1.56 1.17
D
Redwood 6.16 1.25 7.71 4.63 3.85 3.08 1.93 1.54 1.16
A
Fortestsconductedinwhichthewoodmoisturecontentislessthanorgreaterthan12 %,themeasuredstrengthshouldbeadjustedupward3 %foreach1 %decrease
in moisture content, or downward 3 % for each 1 % increase in moisture content.
B
For these or other species, values are those for shear parallel to the grain in Method D 2555, adjusting to 12 % moisture conte
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