ASTM D5751-99(2005)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Laminate Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products
Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Laminate Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products
ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance levels for adhesives to be used in laminate joints in nonstructural lumber products. Such products include, but are not limited to, interior and exterior mouldings, window and door components or parts, and bonded lumber panels. This specification is to be used to evaluate adhesives as well as the adhesive bonds in nonstructural-glued-lumber products. Dry test, soak test, elevated temperature test, boil test, and vacuum pressure test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. The precision and bias of exposure condition shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance levels for adhesives to be used in laminate joints in nonstructural lumber products. Such products include, but are not limited to, interior and exterior mouldings, window and door components or parts, and bonded lumber panels. This specification is to be used to evaluate adhesives as well as the adhesive bonds in nonstructural-glued-lumber products. Note 1
This specification supersedes the laminate-joint portion of Specification D 3110. Note 2
See and for descriptions of a dry-use-nonstructural adhesive and a wet-use-nonstructural adhesive.
1.2 This specification applies to laminate-joint specimens made under both laboratory and field conditions. See Section for limitations in using this specification to evaluate industrially manufactured laminate joint products.
The following safety caveat applies only to the apparatus and test methods portions, Sections , , , and of this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 In this specification, laminate joint refers to both face and edge joints.
1.5 The following index is provided as a guide to the test methods in this specification:SectionApparatus6Conditioning7Material and Preparation of Assemblies and Specimens8Exposure Conditions and Treatments9Testing, Calculation, and Reporting10Note 3
The conditioning needed for various stages in the preparation of the specimens and for the exposure tests are given in Sections 7, 8, and 9.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5751 −99(Reapproved2005)
Standard Specification for
Adhesives Used for Laminate Joints in Nonstructural
Lumber Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 3—The conditioning needed for various stages in the preparation
1. Scope
of the specimens and for the exposure tests are given in Sections 7, 8, and
1.1 This specification covers performance levels for adhe-
9.
sives to be used in laminate joints in nonstructural lumber
products. Such products include, but are not limited to, interior 2. Referenced Documents
andexteriormouldings,windowanddoorcomponentsorparts,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and bonded lumber panels. This specification is to be used to
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
evaluate adhesives as well as the adhesive bonds in
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
nonstructural-glued-lumber products.
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
D2016 Methods of Test for Moisture Content of Wood
NOTE 1—This specification supersedes the laminate-joint portion of
Specification D3110.
(Withdrawn 1987)
NOTE 2—See 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 for descriptions of a dry-use-nonstructural
D2555 PracticeforEstablishingClearWoodStrengthValues
adhesive and a wet-use-nonstructural adhesive.
D3110 Specification for Adhesives Used in Laminate Joints
1.2 This specification applies to laminate-joint specimens
for Nonstructural Glued Lumber Products (Withdrawn
made under both laboratory and field conditions. See Section 4
1996)
for limitations in using this specification to evaluate industri-
D5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood
ally manufactured laminate joint products.
Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.3 The following safety caveat applies only to the appara-
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
tus and test methods portions, Sections 6, 7, 8, and 9 of this
E41 Terminology Relating To Conditioning
specification: This standard does not purport to address all of
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ASTM Test Methods
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.5 In this specification, laminate joint refers to both face
3.1.1 Many terms in this specification are defined in Termi-
and edge joints.
nologies D907, E6, and E41.
1.6 The following index is provided as a guide to the test
3.1.2 bond, n—the union of materials by adhesives.
methods in this specification:
3.1.3 laminate joint, n—in wood bonding, a joint made by
Section
bonding layers of adherends face-to-face or edge-to-edge to
Apparatus 6
form thicker or wider stock.
Conditioning 7
Material and Preparation of Assemblies and 8
3.1.4 edge joint, n—in wood bonding, a type of laminate
Specimens
Exposure Conditions and Treatments 9 joint made by bonding adherends edge-to-edge with grain
Testing, Calculation, and Reporting 10
directions parallel to form wider stock.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Adhesives. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D5751 – 99. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D5751-99R05. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5751−99(2005)
3.1.5 face joint, n—in wood bonding, a type of laminate temperature. This test method is intended to simulate condi-
joint made by bonding adherends face-to-face with grain tionsthatmightbeexperiencedintransit,furtherprocessing,or
directions parallel to form thicker stock.
in service.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 4—These typical service conditions may include stress and time
3.2.1 dry-use nonstructural adhesive, n— an adhesive ca-
under stress, as well as elevated temperature.
pable of producing sufficient strength and durability to make
4.2 This specification may be used to evaluate the adhesive
the bonded lumber product serviceable in nonstructural use,
bonds in a laminate joint that is the industrial-end product of a
under conditions in which the EMC of the wood does not
manufacturing process. The use of the specification for this
exceed 16 %.
purpose requires close evaluation of the configuration of the
3.2.2 wet-use nonstructural adhesive, n—an adhesive ca-
joint, the wood used, and the manufacturing process.
pable of producing sufficient strength and durability to make
4.2.1 An industrially manufactured laminate joint should be
the bonded lumber product serviceable in nonstructural use,
evaluated using the requirements for compliance to the speci-
under conditions in which the EMC of the wood may be 16 %
or greater. fication set forth in 5.1.1, 5.1.2, and 5.2.
4.2.2 To measure up to the criteria of the controlled condi-
3.3 Abbreviations:
tions of a laboratory-made specimen, hand pick the lumber,
3.3.1 EMC—equilibrium moisture content.
prepare extra joints, and select those joints that most closely
3.3.2 MC—moisture content.
meet the requirements of 5.1 and 5.2.
4. Significance and Use
4.3 Specialcircumstancesmayrequiremodificationofsome
4.1 Adhesives are classified as dry use or wet use. Each of the details of these procedures. Record these variations in
classification includes consideration of short-term in-transit
the report sections, as they may have an impact on the results
exposure conditions at temperatures up to 220°F. These test
obtained.
methods are designed to determine the performance level of a
4.4 As the industrially manufactured laminate joint product
nonstructuralwoodadhesivewhenusedinalaminatejoint.See
is often handled, machined, and shipped within a few hours of
Fig. 1 for a depiction of a laminate joint.
manufacture, it may not have reached the maximum perfor-
4.1.1 The dry test and exposure conditions and treatments
mance level before it is shipped or tested. To avoid potential
aretoevaluateadhesivesandadhesivebondsoflaminatejoints
product damage, the adhesive-performance level should be
in nonstructural bonded lumber products for typical service
determined by the laminate-joint manufacturer prior to initial
conditions.
4.1.2 The 220°F test, a more severe test, is designed to handling and early shipment. Before beginning the full testing
evaluate the product after exposure to short-term elevated process, the testing laboratory should ensure that the product
Dimensions:
A
Dimension Face Joint (Example)
Measurement, in. (mm) Tolerance, in. (mm)
Specimen width 2 (50.8) + 0.32 (0.79)
Single lamina length 1.75 (44.4) + 0.32 (0.79)
Single lamina thickness (preferred) 0.75 (19) + 0.010 (0.25)
Single lamina thickness (alternative) 0.688 (17.5) + 0.010 (0.25)
Overall specimen thickness 1.5 (38.1) + 0.32 (0.79)
Overlap between adherends 1.5 (38.1) + 0.32 (0.79)
A
The ratio of width to height should be maintained at 4/3.
FIG. 1 Block Shear Specimens
D5751−99(2005)
TABLE 1 Minimum Test Requirements
B
Laminate Joint in Shear
C D
Paragraph No. Strength %Wood Failure
Performance Classification
for Exposure
A Group Individual
E,G F,G
and Exposure Conditions
Group Average,% Individual Minimum, %
Description
E F,G
Average,% Minimum,%
Soft Wood Hard Wood Soft Wood Hard Wood
Dry Use:
Cured (Dry) 9.1.1 60 30 60 30 30 15
H
Three-Cycle Soak 9.1.2 30 15 30 15 15
H
Elevated Temperature 9.1.3 40 20 40 20 20
(220°F)
Wet Use:
Cured (Dry) 9.2.1 60 30 60 30 30 15
H
Boil 9.2.2 50 25 50 25 25
H
Elevated Temperature 9.2.3 40 20 40 20 20
(220°F)
H
Vacuum Pressure 9.2.4 50 25 50 25 25
A
Twenty specimens are required for each classification and exposure.
B
Parallel to the grain.
C
The shear strength of the test specimens expressed as a percentage of the average shear strength of the wood species at 12 % MC. (See Table 2.) Adjustments are
required for lower MC values. (See Footnote A in Table 2 (a).)
D
The wood failure values given are for softwoods and hardwoods. Groups 3 and 4 hardwoods (Table 3) are listed at 50 % of the softwood value, with no requirement if
the wood failure value calculates to 15 % or less. (See 5.1.2.2 and Table 3.)
E
For all specimens tested.
F
For 90 % of the specimens tested, they shall meet or exceed the minimum wood failure values shown. If a zero value is obtained for any of the specimens, the test shall
be ruled a failure.
G
See recommended average specific gravity in Table 4.
H
No requirement.
conforms with the performance level certified by the adhesive 5.1.2.2 In the event that the adhesive user or supplier, or
manufacturer and has not been damaged by early handling and both, cannot accept the designated groupings in Table 3, either
shipping. party shall have the option of requesting a test on an individual
species.
5. Test Requirements
5.2 Industrially Manufactured Laminate Joints—An indus-
5.1 Test Adhesive:
trially manufactured laminate joint may be used to evaluate the
5.1.1 To comply with this specification, the test adhesive adhesiveusedtoproduceit,provideditsconstructionmeetsthe
shall be tested for performance in accordance with Sections 7
requirements in Sections 7 and 8, and the joint is tested in
through10,anditshallmeettherequirementsinTable1forthe
accordance with the requirements in Table 1.
selected performance classification as measured against the
average shearing strength of lumber from common species of
6. Apparatus
wood as shown on Table 2(a) and Table 2(b).
6.1 Environmental Chambers—For moist-heat aging, ca-
5.1.1.1 For certification, a test shall be conducted on a
pable of conditioning specimens at 80 6 5°F (27 6 3°C) and
laminate joint using the test adhesive.
80 6 5 % relative humidity, and with capacity for up to 20
5.1.1.2 Lumber with various grain orientations (for ex-
specimens well-spaced and supported on racks to allow free air
ample, flat sawn or quarter sawn) shall be allowed to be used
flow.
interchangeably, provided they do not fall outside the require-
6.2 Oven(s)—Capable of meeting all the temperature re-
ments of 8.1.1.
quirements of 9.1.2, 105 6 5°F (41 6 3°C); 9.1.3, 220 and
5.1.2 Compliance with this specification shall warrant cer-
2306 5°F (104 and 110 6 3°C); 9.2.2 and 9.2.3, 145 6 5°F
tification of the adhesive for use on a designated grouping of
(63 6 3°C), with sufficient air circulation to remove moisture
wood, either softwood or hardwood, when tested and found to
from the chamber. An oven capable of enclosing the testing
be in accordance with any one of the species of that group. See
machine is also recommended. (See 9.1.3.1.)
Table 3 for the designated groupings of commonly used
domestic and imported woods, as accepted in this specifica-
6.3 Tank for Soaking, meeting the requirements of 9.1.2,so
tion.
that all of the specimens are completely covered with water for
5.1.2.1 The wood failure requirements of Table 1 are given
the duration of the soak cycles.
for softwoods, Groups 1 and 2, and for hardwoods, Groups 3
6.4 Tank for Boiling, meeting the requirements of 9.2.2,so
and 4.
that all of the specimens are completely covered with water for
the duration of the boil cycles.
6.5 Testing Machine—Capacity of not less than 15 000 lb
For wood property information on imported woods, refer to U.S. Forest
Service, Agricultural Handbook No. 72, Wood Handbook, 1987 ed., Table 4.4. (6810kg)incompression,fittedwithashearingtoolcontaining
D5751−99(2005)
A
TABLE 2 (a) Average Shear Strength of Common Woods at 12% Moisture Content, psi
Dry to
B
Species Green Value Green 100 % Value 60 % Value 50 % Value 40 % Value 25 % Value 20 % Value 15 % Value
C
Ratio
Cedar, Incense Incense 834 1.05 878 527 439 351 220 176 132
Douglas-Fir, Coast-Type 904 1.25 1130 678 565 452 282 226 170
Fir, White 756 1.46 1104 662 552 442 276 221 166
Hemlock, Western 864 1.49 1287 772 644 515 322 257 193
Pine, Ponderosa 704 1.61 1133 680 567 453 283 227 170
Pine, Sugar 718 1.58 1134 680 567 454 284 227 170
D
Redwood 894 1.25 1118 671 559 447 280 224 168
A
For tests conducted in which the wood moisture content is less than or greater than 12 %, the measured strength should be adjusted upward 3 % for each 1 % decrease
in moisture content, or downward 3 % for each 1 % increase in moisture content.
B
For these or other species, values are those for shear parallel to the grain in Test Methods D2555, adjusting to 12 % moisture content using the ratios of dry to green
clear wood properties of Test Methods D2555.
C
Ratio of dry to green strength in Test Methods D2555.
D
Second growth.
A
TABLE(b) Average Shear Strength of Common Woods at 12% Moisture Content, MPa
Dry to
B
Species Green Value Green Ra- 100 % Value 60 % Value 50 % Value 40 % Value 25 % Value 20 % Value 15 % Value
C
tio
Cedar, Incense Incense 5.75 1.05 6.05 3.63 3.03 2.42 1.52 1.21 0.91
Douglas-Fir, Coast-Type 6.23 1.25 7.79 4.67 3.90 3.12 1.94 1.56 1.17
Fir, White 5.21 1.46 7.61 4.56 3.80 3.05 1.90 1.52 1.14
Hemlock, Western 5.96 1.49 8.87 5.32 4.44 3.55 2.22 1.77 1.33
Pine, Ponderosa 4.85 1.61 7.81 4.69 3.91 3.12 1.95 1.56 1.17
Pine, Sugar 4.95 1.58 7.82 4.68 3.91 3.13 1.96 1.56 1.17
D
Redwood 6.16 1.25 7.71 4.63 3.85 3.08 1.93 1.54 1.16
A
For tests conducted in which the wood moisture content is less than or greater than 12 %, the measured strength should be adjusted upward 3 % for each 1 % decrease
in moisture content, or downward 3 % for each 1 % increase in moisture content.
B
For these or other species, values are those for shear parallel to the grain in Test Methods D2555, adjusting to 12 % moisture content using the ratios of dry to green
clear wood properties of Test Methods D2555.
C
Ratio of dry to green strength in Test Methods D2555.
D
Second growth.
a self-aligning seat to ensure un
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