ASTM D5540-13

Standard Practice for Flow Control and Temperature Control for On-Line Water Sampling and Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sample conditioning systems must be designed to accommodate a wide range of sample source temperatures and pressures. Additionally, efforts must be made to ensure that the resultant sample has not been altered during transport and conditioning and has not suffered excessive transport delay. Studies have shown that sample streams will exhibit minimal deposition of ionic and particulate matter on wetted surfaces at specific flow rates (1-5). 3  
5.1.1 To ensure that the physical and chemical properties of the sample are preserved, this flow rate must be controlled throughout the sampling process, regardless of expected changes of source temperature and pressure, for example, during startup, or changing process operating conditions.  
5.2 The need to use analyzer temperature compensation methods is dependent on the required accuracy of the measurement. Facilities dealing with ultra-pure water will require both closely controlled sample temperature and temperature compensation to ensure accurate measurements. The temperature can be controlled by adding a second or trim cooling stage. The temperature compensation must be based on the specific contaminants in the sample being analyzed. In other facilities in which some variation in water chemistry can be tolerated, the use of either trim cooling or accurate temperature compensation may provide sufficient accuracy of process measurements. This does not negate the highly recommended practice of constant temperature sampling, especially at 25°C, as the most proven method of ensuring repeatable and comparable analytical results.  
5.3 A separate class of analysis exists that does not require or, in fact, cannot use the fully conditioned sample for accurate results. For example, the collection of corrosion product samples requires that the sample remain at near full system pressure, but cooled below the flash temperature, in order to ensure a representative collection of particulates. Only some of the primary condition...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of a flowing water sample for the precise measurement of various chemical and physical parameters of the water, whether continuous or grab. This practice addresses the conditioning of both high- and low-temperature and pressure sample streams, whether from steam or water.  
1.2 This practice provides procedures for the precise control of sample flow rate to minimize changes of the measured variable(s) due to flow changes.  
1.3 This practice provides procedures for the precise control of sample temperature to minimize changes of the measured variable(s) due to temperature changes.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2013
• ICS: 13.060.10 - Water of natural resources
• ICS: 17.120.10 - Flow in closed conduits
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5540 − 13
Standard Practice for
Flow Control and Temperature Control for On-Line Water
1
Sampling and Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5540; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of a flowing water
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
sample for the precise measurement of various chemical and practice, refer to Terminology D1129.
physical parameters of the water, whether continuous or grab.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
This practice addresses the conditioning of both high- and
3.2.1 approach temperature, n—the difference in tempera-
low-temperature and pressure sample streams, whether from
ture between cooling water temperature in and sample tem-
steam or water.
perature out.
1.2 This practice provides procedures for the precise control
3.2.1.1 Discussion—This term is used in heat exchanger
of sample flow rate to minimize changes of the measured
applications and applies to all types of heat exchangers. The
variable(s) due to flow changes.
term is defined as: the difference between the outlet tempera-
tureinonestreamandtheinlettemperatureintheotherstream.
1.3 This practice provides procedures for the precise control
of sample temperature to minimize changes of the measured
3.2.2 crud deposition, n—on interior surfaces of sample
variable(s) due to temperature changes.
tubing or other hardware, the disposition of fine insoluble
particles (of iron oxides and other byproducts of metallic
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
corrosion) that are present throughout the system.
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The term “crud” is generally used for
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
all types of fouling.
tion only and are not considered standard.
3.2.3 sample conditioning, n—reduction of the temperature
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and pressure of a flowing sample from process conditions to a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
controlled temperature and pressure, and maintenance of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
constant flow rate both in incoming sample lines and through
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
on-line analyzers.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.4 sample cooler, n—a small heat exchanger designed to
2. Referenced Documents
cool small streams of water or steam.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.5 temperature compensation, n—by the use of electronic
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
adjustment or data manipulation, the adjustment of the ana-
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
lyzer’s measured temperature for variation in sample tempera-
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
ture from a preestablished value.
D3864 Guide for On-Line Monitoring Systems for Water
Analysis
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 This practice covers the system design, operating
procedures, and selection of equipment to help ensure the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
appropriate flow and temperature control for analysis of water
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
and steam samples. This control is essential to ensure the
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
accuracy and repeatability of on-line analyzers. Variations in
Current edition approved July 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally
types of analysis, sample characteristics, and their effect on
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5540 – 08. DOI:
sample conditioning are included.
10.1520/D5540-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2 The equipment and procedures described in this practice
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
are intended to represent current state-of-the art technology
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. available from major manufacturers of sample conditioning
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5540 − 13
equipment. Refer to Practices D1066 and D3370 and Guide rate or flow rates beyond a median range of approxima
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5540 − 08 D5540 − 13
Standard Practice for
Flow Control and Temperature Control for On-Line Water
1
Sampling and Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5540; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of a flowing water sample for the precise measurement of various chemical and
physical parameters of the water, whether continuous or grab. This practice addresses the conditioning of both high- and
low-temperature and pressure sample streams, whether from steam or water.
1.2 This practice provides procedures for the precise control of sample flow rate to minimize changes of the measured
variable(s) due to flow changes.
1.3 This practice provides procedures for the precise control of sample temperature to minimize changes of the measured
variable(s) due to temperature changes.
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
for information only.mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3864 Guide for On-Line Monitoring Systems for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 approach temperature—temperature, n—this is a term that is used in heat exchanger applications. It applies to all types
of heat exchangers and is defined as: the difference in outlet temperature in one stream and the inlet temperature on the other
stream. The definition as it applies to sample coolers used for cooling water or steam samples as noted in this standard is as follows:
Approach Temperature—the difference in temperature temperature between cooling water temperature in and sample temperature
out.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and Water-Formed
Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008July 15, 2013. Published November 2008July 2013. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D5540 – 94aD5540 (2003). – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D5540-08.10.1520/D5540-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
This term is used in heat exchanger applications and applies to all types of heat exchangers. The term is defined as: the difference
between the outlet temperature in one stream and the inlet temperature in the other stream.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5540 − 13
3.2.2 crud deposition—deposition, n—depositionon interior surfaces of sample tubing or other hardware, the disposition of fine
insoluble particles of(of iron oxides and other byproducts of metallic corrosioncorrosion) that are present throughout the system.
The term “crud” is generally used for all types of fouling.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The term “crud” is generally used for all types of fouling.
3.2.3 sample conditioning—conditioning, n—reduction of the temperature and pressure of a flowing sample from process
conditions to a controlled temperature and pressure, and maintenance of a constant flow rate both in incoming sample lines and
through on-line analyzers.
3.2.4 sample cooler—cooler, n—a small heat exchanger designed to cool small streams of water or steam.
3.2.5 temperat
...