ASTM C147-86(2015)

Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the determination of the breaking strength of glass containers when subjected to internal pressure. These test methods are intended to determine the pressure strength of containers manufactured to contain products reasonably expected to develop a sustained pressure after processing. Two test methods are covered as follows: Test Method A - application of uniform internal pressure for a predetermined period and Test Method B - Application of internal pressure increasing at a predetermined constant rate.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the breaking strength of glass containers when subjected to internal pressure. These test methods are intended to determine the pressure strength of containers manufactured to contain products reasonably expected to develop a sustained pressure of 138 kPa (20 psi) or greater, after processing. Two test methods are covered as follows:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Application of Uniform Internal Pressure for a Predetermined Period  
5 – 7  
Test Method B—Application of Internal Pressure Increasing at a Predetermined Constant Rate  
8 – 10  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2015
• ICS: 55.100 - Bottles. Pots. Jars
• Technical Committee: C14 - Glass and Glass Products
• Drafting Committee: C14.07 - Glass Containers

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C147-86(2010) - Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM C147-86(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2020
• Referred By: ASTM C224-78(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C147 − 86 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Methods for
Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Sampling
3.1 Methods of sampling a minimum lot from a group of
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
containers of a given type are given in Practice C224, for the
breakingstrengthofglasscontainerswhensubjectedtointernal
various situations to which it may apply.
pressure. These test methods are intended to determine the
pressure strength of containers manufactured to contain prod-
4. Precision and Bias
ucts reasonably expected to develop a sustained pressure of
138 kPa (20 psi) or greater, after processing. Two test methods
4.1 Statements regarding either precision or bias of the
are covered as follows: internal pressure test results are not possible because suitable
internal pressure reference test materials are not available.
Sections
Test Method A—Application of Uniform Internal Pressure for a
4.2 Test Method A—Thepressuretestprecisioniswithinone
Predetermined Period 5–7
Test Method B—Application of Internal Pressure Increasing at a half the incremental step size used at failure. Pressure test bias
Predetermined Constant Rate 8–10
is generally within 61 % of full scale.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.3 Test Method B—Thepressuretestprecisioniswithin 61
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
psi (7 kPa). Pressure test bias is generally within 6 % of full
only.
scale.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
TEST METHOD A—APPLICATION OF UNIFORM
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
INTERNAL PRESSURE FOR A PREDETERMINED
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
PERIOD
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
5.1 The apparatus shall embody the following principles:
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 The bottles to be tested shall be held in such a manner
2.1 ASTM Standards:
that the bottle is not clamped, but is suspended from the bead
C224 Practice for Sampling Glass Containers of the finish.
5.1.2 There shall be a resilient sealing member that shall act
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
with the sealing surface of the container to retain the pressur-
Single-head hydraulic testing machine (8 blueprints)
izing medium during the period of the test.
5.1.3 There shall be a means of applying fluid pressure to a
predetermined level at a minimum rate of 69 MPa (10 000
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on
psi)/min and of maintaining that pressure constant during the
Glass and Glass Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.07
period of test. Applied incremental fluid pressure levels shall
on Glass Containers.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally
be provided extending over the range from 0.18 MPa (25 psi)
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C147 – 86 (2010).
to at least 2.41 MPa (350 psi). The applied fluid pressure level
DOI: 10.1520/C0147-86R15.
shall be reproducible to within 61 % of full scale.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM 5.1.4 An automatically controlled timing mechanism shall
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
be built into the apparatus so that the container will be subject
the ASTM website.
to uniform internal pressure for a predetermined period which
Single-head automatic sustained pressure testing machine developed byAmeri-
shall be not less than 3 s nor more than 1 min (Note 1). The
can Glass Research, Inc., Butler, PA, meets these requirements for durations greater
than 15 s. Detailed working drawings of this machine are available from ASTM
period of test shall be reproducible within 62%.
Headquarters. An increment pressure tester developed by the same laboratory is
suitable for shorter durations. Available from ASTM International Headquarters. NOTE 1—For test durations between 3 s and 1 min, the actual pressure
Order Adjunct No. ADJC0147. (P ) can be converted to the 1-min pressure (P ) calculated as follows:
I 60
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
C147 − 86 (2015)
7.9711.53logt TEST METHOD B—APPLICATION OF INTERNAL
P 5 P (1)
S D
60 I
10.69 PRESSURE INCREASING AT A PREDETERMINED
where t is the duration of the test in s. For instance, the actual pressure
CONSTANT RATE
in a 3-s test would be multiplied by 0.81 in order to be equivalent to
the pressure at a test period of 1 min.
8. Apparatus
8.1 The apparatus shall embody the following principles:
6. Procedure
8.1.1 The bottles to be tested shall be held in such a manner
6.1 Fill the containers with water or other low-density that the bottle is not clamped, but is suspended from the bead
liquid, if such is used as the medium for applying pressure. of the finish.
8.1.2 There shall be a resilient sealing member which shall
6.2 Use one of the following test procedures, depending
act with the sealing surface of the container to retain the
upon the purpose of the test:
pressurizing medium during the period of the test.
6.2.1 Pass Test—Apply the internal test pressure and hold it
8.1.3 There shall be a means of applying fluid pressure
constant for the predetermined time of test. This pass test,
increasing at a predetermined constant rate until the container
usually at a pressure 50 % greater than that reasonably ex-
fails or a p
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C147 − 86 (Reapproved 2010) C147 − 86 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Methods for
Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the breaking strength of glass containers when subjected to internal pressure.
These test methods are intended to determine the pressure strength of containers manufactured to contain products reasonably
expected to develop a sustained pressure of 138 kPa (20 psi) or greater, after processing. Two test methods are covered as follows:
Sections
Test Method A—Application of Uniform Internal Pressure for a
Predetermined Period 5 – 7
Test Method B—Application of Internal Pressure Increasing at a
Predetermined Constant Rate 8 – 10
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C224 Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Single-head hydraulic testing machine (8 blueprints)
3. Sampling
3.1 Methods of sampling a minimum lot from a group of containers of a given type are given in Practice C224, for the various
situations to which it may apply.
4. Precision and Bias
4.1 Statements regarding either precision or bias of the internal pressure test results are not possible because suitable internal
pressure reference test materials are not available.
4.2 Test Method A—The pressure test precision is within one half the incremental step size used at failure. Pressure test bias
is generally within 61 % of full scale.
4.3 Test Method B—The pressure test precision is within 61 psi (7 kPa). Pressure test bias is generally within 6 % of full scale.
TEST METHOD A—APPLICATION OF UNIFORM INTERNAL PRESSURE FOR A PREDETERMINED PERIOD
5. Apparatus
5.1 The apparatus shall embody the following principles:
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass and Glass Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.07 on Glass
Containers.
Current edition approved March 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2015. Published May 2010November 2015. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 20052010
as C147 – 86 (2005).(2010). DOI: 10.1520/C0147-86R10.10.1520/C0147-86R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Single-head automatic sustained pressure testing machine developed by American Glass Research, Inc., Butler, PA, meets these requirements for durations greater than
15 s. Detailed working drawings of this machine are available from ASTM Headquarters. An increment pressure tester developed by the same laboratory is suitable for shorter
durations. Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJC0147.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C147 − 86 (2015)
5.1.1 The bottles to be tested shall be held in such a manner that the bottle is not clamped, but is suspended from the bead of
the finish.
5.1.2 There shall be a resilient sealing member that shall act with the sealing surface of the container to retain the pressurizing
medium during the period of the test.
5.1.3 There shall be a means of applying fluid pressure to a predetermined level at a minimum rate of 69 MPa (10 000 psi)/min
and of maintaining that pressure constant during the period of test. Applied incremental fluid pressure levels shall be provided
extending over the range from 0.18 MPa (25 psi) to at least 2.41 MPa (350 psi). The applied fluid pressure level shall be
reproducible to within 61 % of full scale.
5.1.4 An automatically controlled timing mechanism shall be built into the apparatus so that the container will be subject to
uniform internal pressure for a predetermined period which shall be not less than 3 s nor more than 1 min (Note 1). The period
of test shall be reproducible within 62 %.
NOTE 1—For test durations between 3 s and 1 min, the actual pressure (P ) can be converted to the 1-min pressure (P ) calculated as follows:
I 60
7.9711.53logt
P 5 P (1)
S D
60 I
10.69
where t is the duration of the test in s. For instance, the actual pressure in a 3-s test would be multiplied by 0.81 in order to be equivalent to the
pressure at a test period of 1 min.
6. Procedure
6.1 Fill the containers with water or other low-density liquid, if such is used as the medium for applying pressure.
6.2 Use one of the following test procedures, depending upon the purpose of the test:
6.2.1 Pass Test—Apply the internal test pressure and hold it constant for the predetermined time of test. This pass test, usually
at a pressure 50 % greater than that reasonably expected under actual conditions of use of the containers, is sufficient for routine
testing of samples from continuous production in a manufacturer’s plant.
6.2.2 Progressive Test (to a Predetermined Percent of Breakage)—Where it may be desirable to conduct the test as a
measurement test, repeat or continue the test described in 6.2.1, increasing the pressure stepwise by uniform increments (usually
172 or 335 kPa (25 or 50 psi) each step), until the
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