ASTM D6699-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Liquids Using Bailers
Standard Practice for Sampling Liquids Using Bailers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A bailer is a device for obtaining a sample from stratified or un-stratified waters and liquid wastes. The most common use of a bailer is for sampling ground water from single-screened wells (Fig. 1) and well clusters (see Guide D4448).
5.2 This practice is applicable to sampling water and liquid wastes. The sampling procedure will depend on sampling plan and the data quality objectives (DQOs) (Practice D5792).
5.3 Bailers may be used to sample waters and liquid wastes in underground and above ground tanks and surface impoundments. However, the design of the unit and associated piping should be well understood so that the bailer can access the desired compartment and depth. Any stratification of the liquid should be identified prior to sampling.
Note 1: Viscous liquids and suspended solids may interfere with a bailer's designed operation.
5.4 Bailers do not subject the sample to pressure extremes. Bailing does disturb the water column and may cause changes to the parameters to be measured (for example, turbidity, gases, etc.).
5.5 The use of bailers in low flow wells for purging can result in increased agitation and turbidity in the sample and can introduce errors into the sample if the water surface level is drawn down below the top of the screen. In such cases, alternate methods of sampling such as Passive Sampling (Guide D7929) or Low Flow Sampling (Practice D6771) should be considered.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for sampling stratified or un-stratified waters and liquid waste using bailers.
1.2 Three specific bailers are discussed in this practice. The bailers are the single and double check valve and differential pressure.
1.3 This standard does not cover all of the bailing devices available to the user. The bailers chosen for this practice are typical of those commercially available.
1.4 This practice should be used in conjunction with Guide D4687, Practice D5088, and Practice D5283.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6699 − 16
Standard Practice for
1
Sampling Liquids Using Bailers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for
WasteandContaminatedMediaDataCollectionActivities
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for sampling strati-
D6517 Guide for Field Preservation of Groundwater
fied or un-stratified waters and liquid waste using bailers.
Samples
1.2 Three specific bailers are discussed in this practice. The
D6564 Guide for Field Filtration of Groundwater Samples
bailers are the single and double check valve and differential
D6634 Guide for Selection of Purging and Sampling De-
pressure.
vices for Groundwater Monitoring Wells
D6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for
1.3 This standard does not cover all of the bailing devices
available to the user. The bailers chosen for this practice are Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality Inves-
3
tigations (Withdrawn 2011)
typical of those commercially available.
D7929 Guide for Selection of Passive Techniques for Sam-
1.4 This practice should be used in conjunction with Guide
pling Groundwater Monitoring Wells
D4687, Practice D5088, and Practice D5283.
2.2 EPA Standard:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
EPA SW 846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Physical/Chemical Methods
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 See Terminology D5681.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Practice
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 A clean bailer is lowered into the liquid to be sampled
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
using a suspension line (see Fig. 1). The bailer chamber is
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
allowed to fill with the sample. The check valve or valves on
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
bailers close when the bailer stops. The bailer is raised to the
Used at Waste Sites
surface where the sample is discharged into a clean sample
D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
container.
lated to Waste ManagementActivities: QualityAssurance
and Quality Control Planning and Implementation 5. Significance and Use
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
5.1 A bailer is a device for obtaining a sample from
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
stratified or un-stratified waters and liquid wastes. The most
lated to Waste Management Activities: Development of
common use of a bailer is for sampling ground water from
Data Quality Objectives
single-screened wells (Fig. 1) and well clusters (see Guide
D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-
D4448).
pling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
5.2 This practice is applicable to sampling water and liquid
wastes. The sampling procedure will depend on sampling plan
and the data quality objectives (DQOs) (Practice D5792).
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 on 5.3 Bailers may be used to sample waters and liquid wastes
Sampling Equipment.
in underground and above ground tanks and surface impound-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally
ments. However, the design of the unit and associated piping
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6699 – 01 (2010).
should be well understood so that the bailer can access the
DOI: 10.1520/D6699-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6699 − 16
TABLE 1 General Advantages and Limitations of Bailers
Advantages Limitations
Simple to use Time consuming to use
Some have a low initial cost Valves may leak
Can be made almost any size Tend t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6699 − 01 (Reapproved 2010) D6699 − 16
Standard Practice for
1
Sampling Liquids Using Bailers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for sampling stratified or un-stratified waters and liquid waste using bailers.
1.2 Three specific bailers are discussed in this practice. The bailers are the single and double check valve and differential
pressure.
1.3 This standard does not cover all of the bailing devices available to the user. The bailers chosen for this practice are typical
of those commercially available.
1.4 This practice should be used in conjunction with Guide D4687, Practice D5088, and Practice D5283.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation Well)
3
(Withdrawn 2010)
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assurance and Quality
Control Planning and Implementation
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality
Objectives
D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
D6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
D6517 Guide for Field Preservation of Groundwater Samples
D6564 Guide for Field Filtration of Groundwater Samples
D6634 Guide for Selection of Purging and Sampling Devices for Groundwater Monitoring Wells
D6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality Investigations
3
(Withdrawn 2011)
D7929 Guide for Selection of Passive Techniques for Sampling Groundwater Monitoring Wells
2.2 EPA Standard:
EPA SW 486846 RCRA SamplesTest Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 See Terminology D5681.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 on Sampling
Equipment.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2016. Published January 2011October 2016. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20062010 as
D6699D6699 – 01 (2010).-01 (2006). DOI: 10.1520/D6699-01R10.10.1520/D6699-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6699 − 16
FIG. 1 Bailer Sampling a Screened Well
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A clean bailer is lowered into the liquid to be sampled using a suspension line (see Fig. 1). The bailer chamber is allowed
to fill with the sample. The check valve or valves on bailers close when the bailer stops. The bailer is raised to the surface where
the sample is discharged into a clean sample confiner.container.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 A bailer is a device for obtaining a sample from stratified or un-stratified waters and liquid wastes. The most common use
of a bailer is for sampling ground water from single-screened wells (Fig. 1) and well clusters (see Guide D4448).
5.2 This practice is applicable to sampling water and liquid wastes. The sampling procedure will depend on sampling plan and
the data quality objectives (DQOs) (Practice D5792).
5.3 Bailers may be used to purge g
...
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