ASTM D4923-92
(Specification)Standard Specification for Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Poles
Standard Specification for Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Poles
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced thermosetting plastic poles used for outdoor lighting. Such poles may be applicable to electric power and telecommunication distribution installations.
1.2 The design parameters of the poles shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier and should take into consideration the anticipated service conditions of installation and transportation of the product.
1.3 This specification includes poles with above-ground or standard mounting height of 10 ft (3.05 m) through 50 ft (15.24 m). Two classes of poles are covered, one of standard design, the other of stiff design.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Equivalent SI units are indicated in parentheses.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion of this specification, Section 10: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4923 – 92
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Poles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Time of Burning of Self-Supporting Plastics in a Horizon-
tal Position
1.1 This specification covers reinforced thermosetting plas-
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
tic poles used for outdoor lighting. Such poles may be
D 1435 Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics
applicable to electric power and telecommunication distribu-
D 2565 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc-Type Light-
tion installations.
Exposure Apparatus With and Without Water for Exposure
1.2 The design parameters of the poles shall be agreed upon
of Plastics
by the purchaser and supplier and should take into consider-
D 4329 Practice for Operating Light- and Water-Exposure
ation the anticipated service conditions of installation and
Apparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Expo-
transportation of the product.
sure of Plastics
1.3 This specification includes poles with above-ground or
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
standard mounting height of 10 ft (3.05 m) through 50 ft (15.24
Determine Conformance with Specifications
m). Two classes of poles are covered, one of standard design,
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
the other of stiff design.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
G 23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
as standard. Equivalent SI units are indicated in parentheses.
(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
of Nonmetallic Materials
test methods portion of this specification, Section 10: This
G 26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,
(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of Nonmetallic Materials
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
G 53 Practice for Operating Light- and Water-Exposure
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Apparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Expo-
tions prior to use.
sure of Nonmetallic Materials
2. Referenced Documents 2.2 AASHTO Standard:
Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals, 1985
A 153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and
Steel Hardware
3. Terminology
C 131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-
3.1 Definitions: General—All other terms not specifically
Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los
3 defined shall be in accordance with Terminology D 883.
Angeles Machine
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
3.2.1 anchor base—a device attached to the bottom end of
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
a pole designed to be mounted on an accommodating platform.
at Commercial Power Frequencies
3.2.2 arm—a structural member, approximately perpendicu-
D 257 Test Methods for D-C Resistance or Conductance of
lar to a pole, that supports a luminaire.
Insulating Materials
3.2.3 direct burial—a term used to refer to a pole designed
D 635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and
to be supported by surrounding earth (soil). (See also 3.2.9)
3.2.4 effective projected area (EPA)—maximum projected
area of an object multiplied by a drag coefficient (C ) for the
d
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on specific shape of the object.
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced
Thermosetting Plastics.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 1992. Published January 1993. Originally
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
published as D 4923-89. Last previous edition D 4923-89.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Available from the American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
Officials, 444 North Capitol St N.W., Washington, DC 20001.
D 4923
3.2.5 flexural fatigue—change in property(ies) of a pole as 4.2 Class 2—A stiff pole as determined by deflection (see
influenced by cyclical wind loading that induces flexural 8.1.2.2).
stresses and strains in the pole.
5. Ordering Information
3.2.6 luminaire—a complete lighting fixture that includes
5.1 To allow pole manufacturers to determine proper pole
light source, lens, reflector, housing, mounting provision, and
dimensions and strength for specific applications, purchase
may include ballast.
orders and requests for quotation should provide the following
3.2.7 mounting height—the vertical distance between
information:
ground level and the center of the light source in a post top or
5.1.1 Type of pole mounting, direct burial or anchor base.
arm-mounted luminaire.
5.1.2 The luminaire mounting height and embedded depth
3.2.8 percent deflection—the ratio (expressed in percent) of
of pole.
the pole-top deflection caused by a specific load to the
5.1.3 Luminaire EPA, weight, slip fitter diameter, and quan-
above-ground height of the pole.
tity of luminaires per pole.
3.2.9 pole—a reinforced thermosetting plastic shaft that
5.1.4 If the luminaire will be supported by an arm(s),
includes provisions for installing a luminaire or arm(s) and is
specify number of arms, length, rise, weight, EPA, centroid
provided with service access and wire entry holes (if required).
location, attachment detail, and attachment position on pole.
3.2.10 S-1 soil—a soil that will effectively anchor a direct
5.1.5 Wind speed at pole-installation site, in accordance
burial pole in the ground and resist environmental conditions.
with AASHTO Isotach Chart (see Appendix X2), or as other-
3.2.11 service access (or hand hole)—a covered opening in
wise specified.
the pole, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the
5.1.6 The number, size, and location of access openings.
pole and located above ground level, that provides access to
5.1.7 Applicable local, state, and national codes.
internal wiring and wire splices.
5.1.8 Operating and maintenance practices and equipment
3.2.12 shaft—the fully cured, reinforced thermosetting plas-
to be used in servicing that may cause additional loads to be
tic tubular portion of the pole before installing luminaire or
applied to the pole.
attachment of fittings and cutting access holes.
5.1.9 Color and finish (smooth or textured) of pole.
3.2.13 slip fitter—a cylindrical receptacle in the base of a
5.1.10 Class of pole (1 or 2).
luminaire that engages a pole top tenon, or the end of an arm.
3.2.14 surfacing veil—a surfacing mat, as defined in Termi-
6. Materials and Manufacture
nology D 883, sometimes used in the outer surrounding layer
6.1 Shaft:
of a pole to produce a smooth surface, or other desired surface
6.1.1 The shaft shall be a composite of thermosetting resin,
characteristics.
reinforced with glass or other fibers of such quantity and
3.2.15 tenon—a metal sleeve, cylinder, or other device
orientation to meet or exceed performance requirements set
permanently secured to, (or embedded in) the top of the pole,
forth in Section 8 when installed as a pole.
or the arm that inserts into the base (or slip fitter) of a
6.1.2 The shaft exterior surface may have a textured pattern
luminaire.
or a smooth finish.
3.2.16 weathering resistance—a property of the pole that
6.1.3 The exterior surface of the shaft shall be environmen-
resists failure due to the degrading effects of exposure to
tally resistant in accordance with 14.5.
outdoor sunlight and wind-borne particulates.
7. Requirements
NOTE 1—Such failure is evidenced by exposed fibers or cracks, crazes,
or checks in the pole surface, or any agreed-upon criteria.
7.1 Direct-Burial Poles—The embedded end of direct-
burial poles shall prevent rotation when subjected to specific
3.2.17 wind load—the effect of specific wind speed acting
on the pole, or all accoutrements which the pole is intended to torsional requirements and embedded in suitable soil. (S-1 soil
shall be the referee soil.)
support, expressed as a force.
7.2 Base-Mounted Poles:
NOTE 2—Wind load is derived from the wind pressure formula in
7.2.1 Poles designed to be mechanically fastened to ground
Appendix X1 using wind velocities for geographical location of the pole
foundations must have shafts permanently affixed to an anchor
installation site from the Isotach chart in Appendix X2.
base. The total system must be capable of withstanding the
3.2.18 wire entry—an opening in a pole, the axis of which
combined forces for which the pole is designed.
is perpendicular to the axis of the pole, located below ground
7.2.2 The anchor-base flange shall have four radial slots to
level, that provides passage of below ground service wiring
receive anchor bolts and spaced 90° on a bolt circle as agreed
into pole cavity.
upon between purchaser and supplier.
7.3 Poles Designed for Post-Top Luminaires—Poles de-
4. Classes
signed for post-top luminaires shall be provided with a
4.1 Class 1—The standard pole as determined by deflection
permanently affixed tenon nominally 3.5 in. (8.9 cm) in length.
(see 8.1.2.1).
The outside diameter shall accommodate either a 2 ⁄8-, 3-, or
4-in. (6.03-, 7.62-, or 10.16-cm) slip fitter as specified by the
user.
National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report No. 230, March,
NOTE 3—It is important that pole-top geometry be coordinated with
1981, available from Transportation Research Board, National Research Council,
Washington, DC. fixture geometry. The pole top may require specific inside-diameter
D 4923
dimensions, or other modifications.
8.1.2 Pole-Top Deflection—Poles, when tested in accor-
dance with procedures such as described in Appendix X3, shall
7.4 Poles Designed for Support-Arm Application—Poles
meet the following:
designed for support-arm application shall be provided with a
8.1.2.1 Standard Pole (Class 1)—The pole-top deflection
cap to close the top of the shaft. The cap shall be corrosion
induced by the wind acting on the pole and all accoutrements
resistant and must remain in place when subjected to maximum
attached thereto shall not exceed 15 % of the above ground
wind loads for which the pole is designed.
height.
8. Performance Requirements
8.1.2.2 Stiff Pole (Class 2)—The pole-top deflection in-
duced by the wind acting on the pole and all accoutrements
8.1 The pole, with specified luminaire(s) and arm(s) in-
attached thereto shall not exceed 10 % of the above ground
stalled, when exposed to winds determined in accordance with
height.
Fig. 1 shall meet the following requirements:
8.1.3 Torsional Moment (Applicable to Poles with Arm-
NOTE 4—Unless a specific luminaire(s) and arm(s), if applicable, is
Mounted Luminaires Only)—The pole shall withstand at least
(are) specified, conformance shall be based on the maximum size (EPA)
one and one-half times the maximum torsional moment in-
luminaire and, if applicable, longest arm and maximum size (EPA) for
duced by the wind, as determined in Section 14.2. See also
which it is claimed that the pole is suitable at a specified wind speed.
NOTE 5—Statistical guidance established according to principles of Appendix X4.
Practices E 29 and E 691 shall be considered when determining conform-
8.1.4 Flexural Fatigue—The pole shall resist degradation
ance.
due to flexural fatigue, as determined in 14.3.
8.1.1 Bending Moment—The pole shall withstand at least 8.1.5 Burn Rate—The shaft shall not burn at a rate that
one and one-half times the maximum bending moment induced exceeds 1.0 in./min (2.54 cm/min) as determined in 14.4.
by the wind when tested (if applicable) in accordance with 14.1 8.1.6 Environmental Degradation—The shaft surface shall
see Appendix X1 for calculations. resist degradation from the environment in which the pole is
FIG. 1 Application of Wind Load
D 4923
installed, in accordance with 14.5. 10.2.6 Access hole covers shall be cast aluminum or plastic.
8.1.7 Conductivity—The shaft shall be electrically noncon- Material must withstand environmental exposure equal to pole
ductive. requirements.
10.2.7 The access hole cover must deflect driving rain and
NOTE 6—In general, the pole shall not permit dangerous leakage
dirt from interior of pole.
currents at voltages used with commercial luminaires. Where specific
10.2.8 Access hole covers shall be secured by a corrosion-
insulation properties are required, these properties shall be described in
resistant captive screw(s).
such a manner that testing can be obtained in accordance with Test
Methods D 149 or D 257.
11. Anchor Bolt Recommendations
8.1.8 Breakaway Poles—Requirements for breakaway poles
11.1 Anchor bolts and nuts should be carbon steel and have
are not a mandatory part of this specification. When agreed to
UNC Class 2A threads. A minimum of 8 in. (20.32 cm) of the
between producer and consumer, such requirements shall use
threaded end of the anchor bolt and nut and washers shall be
Section 13 as a guide.
hot-dipped galvanized after fabrication, in accordance with
Specification A 153. Anchor bolts shall be provided with one
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
set of nuts for leveling and one set of nuts for locking.
9.1 There shall be no unsaturated fibers exposed on the
12. Dimensions, Weight, and Permissible Variations
exterior surface of the pole.
12.1 The pole manufacturer shall determine the shaft length,
10. Wiring and Access
based on specific embedment depth (where applicable), and
10.1 Wiring:
luminaire mounting height. The total pole length shall be
10.1.1 The pole shall permit complete internal wiring from
maintained within a tolerance of 61%.
an underground source.
12.2 The pole manufacturer shall determine the pole weight
10.1.2 The pole shaft shall have an inside diameter of not
that will meet the strength requirements of the user’s installa-
less
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.